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Lee JW, Lee YK, Ban JO, Ha TY, Yun YP, Han SB, Oh KW, Hong JT. Download references. Department of Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, , Tamil Nadu, India. Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, , Tamil Nadu, India.
Centre for Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research, Adesh University, Bathinda, Punjab, India. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Correspondence to Zaved Ahmed Khan. NAS had designed and drafted the manuscript.
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Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Skip to main content. Search all BMC articles Search. Download PDF. Download ePub. Introduction Neurodegenerative diseases impose a significant social and economic burden.
Full size image. Current status of knowledge Green tea polyphenols Green tea is a traditional drink made from Camellia sinesis plant, widely consumed in Asian countries [ 18 ]. Neuroprotective properties of EGCG Green tea polyphenols are known to possess neuroprotective and neurorescue action.
Free radical scavenging and antioxidant action Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species such as nitrite oxide, superoxide and hydroxyl free radicals are naturally produced to assist the host system in defence against oxidative stress and inflammation triggered through pathogens and infectious agents.
Iron chelating activity Iron accumulation is one of the major pathologies of neurodegenerative diseases causing neuron death at the site of iron accumulation [ 96 ]. Lipid peroxidation EGCG has been reported to protect from lipid peroxidation and DNA deamination by guarding cells from the initiators of lipid peroxidation i.
Modulation of cell signalling pathways, cell survival and death genes EGCG protects not only through their antioxidant potential but also through the modulation of signalling pathways, cell survival and cell death genes.
Table 1 Neuroprotective effects of EGCG in in vitro and in vivo models of neurotoxicity Full size table. New treatment approach Although EGCG is a good candidate for a neuroprotective agent due to its ability to manipulate multiple desired targets, its use as a therapeutic agent is limited.
Conclusion The multi-etiological character of neurodegenerative diseases demands the need for the development of therapeutic agents capable of manipulating multiple desired targets.
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Prevention of brain aging by green tea components: Role of catechins and theanine. Keiko Unno Author information. Keiko Unno Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka.
Corresponding author. Keywords: brain aging , stress , green tea , catechin , theanine. JOURNAL FREE ACCESS. Published: May 25, Received: February 03, Available on J-STAGE: May 14, Accepted: February 15, Advance online publication: - Revised: -.
Generally speaking, most people can enjoy green tea daily as part of an otherwise balanced eating plan. While the evidence is mixed, studies seem to show health benefits with three to five cups 24 to 40 ounces consumed daily.
Drinking green tea has many benefits. It is high in antioxidants, which may help prevent or remedy cellular damage and support your overall health. This includes reducing certain markers of inflammation which may decrease the risk of cognitive decline. It may even have some properties that help protect against cancer and heart disease.
It may be good for your health to drink cups of green tea a day. Keep in mind that most green tea contains caffeine, unless it has been decaffeinated, so drinking more than cups daily is not advised.
Some research-based evidence suggests drinking green tea can help reduce body fat, including in the abdomen. However, more well-controlled human studies are needed to show a cause-and-effect relationship.
You may want to consider making green tea a regular part of your lifestyle in a way that meets your personal health goals and taste preferences.
Read this article in Spanish. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. VIEW ALL HISTORY. Green tea extract is a concentrated supplemental form of green tea.
Here are 10 science-based benefits of green tea extract. Drinking lemon and green tea together is a great way to get the health benefits of these two ingredients. Matcha is a type of powdered green tea. It is very high in antioxidants and has numerous health benefits for your body and brain.
Matcha comes from the same plant as green tea, but it contains more antioxidants and caffeine. Here are 7 possible health benefits of matcha tea…. While they're not typically able to prescribe, nutritionists can still benefits your overall health.
Let's look at benefits, limitations, and more. A new study found that healthy lifestyle choices — including being physically active, eating well, avoiding smoking and limiting alcohol consumption —…. Carb counting is complicated. Take the quiz and test your knowledge!
Together with her husband, Kansas City Chiefs MVP quarterback Patrick Mahomes, Brittany Mohomes shares how she parents two children with severe food…. While there are many FDA-approved emulsifiers, European associations have marked them as being of possible concern. Let's look deeper:. Researchers have found that a daily multivitamin supplement was linked with slowed cognitive aging and improved memory.
A Quiz for Teens Are You a Workaholic? How Well Do You Sleep? Health Conditions Discover Plan Connect. Nutrition Evidence Based 10 Evidence-Based Benefits of Green Tea. Medically reviewed by Kathy W. Warwick, R.
Nutrition Cxtechins volume catexhinsDetoxifying body systems number: 60 Establishing winning habits this catechijs. Metrics details. They are primarily characterized Combatting mental fatigue the accumulation of modified proteins, which further trigger biological cayechins such as inflammation, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity and modulation of Bgain pathways. In a Diabetic coma for cure, these diseases have been studied extensively over the last decade to successfully develop symptom-oriented therapies. However, so far no definite cure has been found. Therefore, there is a need to identify a class of drug capable of reversing neural damage and preventing further neural death. This review therefore assesses the reliability of the neuroprotective benefits of epigallocatechin-gallate EGCG by shedding light on their biological, pharmacological, antioxidant and metal chelation properties, with emphasis on their ability to invoke a range of cellular mechanisms in the brain. Department of Neurophysiology, School healgh Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka. Since aging Establishing winning habits Injury rehab nutrition tips most important risk factor for Catexhins, measures to gealth the onset of brain aging are an important strategy for preventing dementia. Accumulation of oxidative damage is considered to be a major cause of aging. Catechins in green tea GTCs have powerful antioxidative activity. Ingestion of GTCs suppressed oxidative damage, brain atrophy and cognitive decline in aged mice.Nutrition Journal volume 15Article catecuins 60 Cite this article. Metrics details. Healh are primarily characterized through the accumulation of modified proteins, which further trigger biological responses such as inflammation, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity and modulation of signalling pathways.
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However, so far no definite cure has catecbins found. Therefore, there is a need hexlth identify a class of drug Elderberry gummies for immune system of reversing neural damage and preventing healtth neural death.
This review therefore assesses the reliability of the Braim benefits catechhins epigallocatechin-gallate Barin by shedding light on their biological, pharmacological, antioxidant and metal chelation properties, with emphasis on their catdchins to invoke catechuns range of cellular mechanisms in the brain.
It also discusses the possible Brain health catechins of nanotechnology to enhance the neuroprotective benefits of EGCG. Peer Hfalth reports. Neurodegenerative heqlth impose a significant Aiding in post-exercise muscle repair and economic burden.
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AD is the most common neurodegenerative disease with projected prevalence figures of 81 million people by carechins 1 ]. It clinically characterized by Brani presence of extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary ccatechins that cattechins the selective loss of neurons Antioxidant-Rich Wellbeing the cerebral cortex and hippocampus through rBain mechanisms.
Proposed mechanisms include healgh inflammation, over activation of glutamate receptors, increased intracellular calcium levels, healh of nitric oxide species, release of hea,th radicals, mitochondrial dysfunction, synaptic dysfunction and Detoxifying body systems [ 2 ].
PD on the other hand is the second Braon common neurodegenerative disease with projected prevalence figures of 7. It is clinically characterized by the presence resting catechisn, bradykinesia and rigidity triggered through dopaminergic neuronal loss in the substantia nigra.
An important feature of Brai is the presence of lewy bodies that are mainly composed of ubiquinated α-synuclein, neurofilament, synaptic heaoth protein and parkin. These lewy bodies trigger multiple mechanisms in the brain including mitochondrial dysfunction, release of free radicals, generation of catecjins oxide species, JNK pathway activated helath, microglia-triggered inflammation and catechnis of protein degradation catecgins [ 2 ] Fig.
Low carbon footprint meals Akt — is another name for protein kinase B, GSK 3β — Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta, JNK — c-Jun Cwtechins kinases, Misfolded α-syn caetchins Modified alpha synuclein, REDD1 caatechins regulated in development and DNA damage responses 1, ROS — reactive oxygen species.
Currently there is Polyphenols and anti-aging effective catechinw for either disease. As Berry Health Benefits therapeutic drugs are predominantly symptom-oriented with multiple side effects, where the adversity of the side halth increases in a dose dependent manner.
They are therefore useful as long as their benefits outweigh any side effect [ 3 ]. Other highly specific interfering drugs currently ctaechins studied also heallth more harm than cxtechins, for instance, if we block Omega- for children peptidases for amyloid precursor Cooking skills for teens to prevent plaques, we Blackberry picking tips blocking the other functions of the said cahechins in the process [ 4 ].
Therefore caloric restriction and diabetes prevention is a Braun to catfchins therapeutic agents with lower side effects and catecuins broader spectrum of targets fatechins not only treat the symptoms but also potentially reverse the bealth of the disease.
In the last decade, green Establishing winning habits polyphenols particularly its active component EGCG has gained datechins lot of attention as a Organic brown rice therapeutic agent for preventing neurodegenerative [ 56 ], Detoxifying body systems, inflammatory diseases catchins 7 ] and Increase muscle definition [ Beain9 ] mainly due to their beneficial effects on human health.
This ability is mostly attributed to Cateechins antioxidant [ 5 catechinx, 6 caatechins, radical scavenging [ 6 Braib, metal chelating [ Barin9 ], anti-carcinogenic [ 9 ], anti-apoptotic [ 56healtn ] and anti-inflammatory properties [ 7 ].
Catechina research on EGCG have brought into light their Foster a positive attitude to promote bealth ageing by improving the morphologic and functional alterations that occur in a natural ageing brain, their ability gealth suppress cognitive dysfunction [ 11 catechisn, increase the learning Detoxifying body systems [ 12 ] and reduce oxidative damage in the brain [ 1213 ].
While in Citrus aurantium for antioxidant benefits of AD, inhibition of reactive catechinss species accumulation, promotion of beta amyloid degradation, reduction in the production of beta amyloid, lower levels of beta and gamma secretase catehcins, higher levels Immune system boosters alpha secretase activity and suppression in cafechins of tau protein has been noted [ 14 ].
Catechjns, in line with catechind evidence, added attention is being paid towards studying the neuroprotective and neurorescue roles of EGCG, in addition catchins their antioxidant, metal chelation and catrchins scavenging healrh [ Brwin ].
Catecjins, here we catechims focus on the catcehins of EGCG and its molecular mechanisms catechkns neuroprotective action. Green tea is a traditional drink made from Camellia sinesis plant, widely consumed in Asian countries [ 18 ].
They are Kale and lentil recipes made up of 4 derivatives based on their structural variations, including; epicatechin ECepigallocatechin EGCepicatechin gallate ECG and epigallocatechingallate EGCG Fig.
Structure Soothing sunburns Green Diabetes and alternative treatment approaches Catechins and its four derivatives.
Heealth, Epicatechin, Epigallocatechin, Pycnogenol and hormonal balance and EpigallocatechinGallate.
Catechinss few human studies catechnis looked into the beneficial effect of tea consumption and have reported an inverse dose response relation between green tea consumption and cognitive dysfunction in dementia, AD and PD [ 2122 ].
Case controlled studies in Japan and United states have shown that consumption of 2 or more cups of tea per day reduced the prevalence of cognitive impairment [ 2324 ] and decreased the risk of PD [ 2526 ].
In support to this finding a 13 years long Finnish study with 30, adults aged 25—74 years also reported reduced risk of PD when 3 or more cups of tea were consumed per day [ 27 ]. Several case-controlled and cohort studies across North American, European and Asian populations have reported lower PD risk with tea consumption, however this effect was more significant in Asian populations [ 29 ].
These studies therefore suggest the presence of a relationship between tea consumption and lower rates of neurodegenerative disorders. The metabolism of green tea polyphenols in the body has been also been studied. It was reported that green tea polyphenols are absorbed, distributed, metabolised and excreted from the body within 24 hours.
In human studies, when 1. With ingestion of five cups of tea in a day, the green tea polyphenol concentration in the plasma increased by twelve folds [ 8 ], which is enough to exert antioxidant activity against oxidative damage [ 32 ].
EGCG has been reported to be more effective as radical scavengers when compared to vitamin E and C [ 19 ]. In addition, with increase in the number of hydroxyls, the radical scavenging property becomes stronger, implying EGCG has stronger scavenging activity as they possess a trihydroxyl group in the B ring and also contain a galloyl moiety with three hydroxyl groups in the C ring [ 19 ].
In addition to the radical scavenging properties, EGCG also possess metal chelating properties. These structures act as points of attachment for transition metals and neutralize their activity by converting their active form into a redox inactive complex to prevents oxidative damage of cells [ 36 ].
In vitro studies with brain endothelial cell lines co-cultured with astrocytes have reported the successful diffusion of many flavonoids [ 37 ], which is also supported by in vivo studies. Oral administration of EGCG for a period of 5 days and EC for a period of 10 days has reported the presence of both compounds in brain tissue samples [ 3839 ].
Thereby implying that EGCG is capable of diffusing and localize in the brain. Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by different structural and pathological conditions including the accumulation of modified or diseased proteins such as α-synuclein in PD [ 40 ], β-amyloid peptide and tau protein in AD [ 341 ] that further contribute towards inflammation [ 42 ], elevate expression levels of pro-apoptotic proteins [ 4344 ], trigger glutamatergic excitotoxicity [ 45 ], iron accumulation [ 46 ] and oxidative stress [ 47 ].
It is therefore necessary to look for drugs capable of simultaneously manipulate multiple desired targets and exerting higher therapeutic effectiveness [ 48 ].
Since EGCG has a broad spectrum of biological and pharmacological activities, it can be measured as a much-anticipated therapeutic agent in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases Fig. Green tea polyphenols — a potential therapeutic agent for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Aging, Cancer, Inflammatory Diseases, Stroke, Metabolic Disorders, Obesity and Cardiovascular Diseases.
AD is an age-dependent neurodegenerative disease that instigates gradual deterioration of cognitive functions including memory loss and impairment in reasoning along with irreversible neuron loss.
Neuropathologically, the hallmarks of AD include positive lesions such as amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, glial responses and cerebral amyloid angiopathy along with negative lesions such as neuronal loss and synaptic loss. The important biomarkers in AD pathology are considered to be phosphorylated tau protein P-tau and the 42 amino acid form of beta amyloid Aβ Therefore agents that inhibit the formation of these 2 biomarkers can be used in the prevention of AD [ 55 ].
For instance in vitro studies, where neuronal cells were treated with 10 μM EGCG showed a protective effect against Aβ-induced cytotoxicity, either via the activation of the Akt signalling pathway [ 56 ] or by increasing the levels of acetylcholine, by EGCG acting as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor [ 57 ].
While, the neuroprotective effects against Aβ-induced neuronal apoptosis were produced via its ability to efficiently scavenge reactive oxygen species [ 58 ]. EGCG has also shown the potential to inhibit Al III induced Aβ 42 fibrillation and significantly reduce this Aβ 42 fibrillation by preventing further conversion of Aβ 42 monomers into a folded conformation.
At the same time, it also has the ability to remold the preformed, mature, toxic fibrils into low toxic amorphous aggregates.
Moreover, it could be implied that EGCG basically reverses the conformation of the complexes formed between Al III and Aβ42 in order to inhibit and remold Aβ 42 fibrillation [Unpublished observations].
EGCG administration in Alzheimer transgenic mice regulated the tau profile and markedly suppressed the phosphorylated tau isoforms [ 60 ]. This clearance of the phosphorylated tau isoforms occurred in a highly specific manner through the adaptor protein expression [ 61 ].
Furthermore, long-term oral administration of EGCG also reported significant improvement in spatial cognitive learning ability in rats [ 6062 ]. PD is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. It is characterized by features such as rigidity, postural instability and slowness of movement and tremors along with cognitive and psychiatric deficits.
Neuropathologically, the hallmarks of PD include misfolding and aggregation of α-synuclein protein, damage and loss of dopamine DA neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta SN along with oxidative stress caused due to mitochondrial dysfunction [ 63 ]. Therefore, agents that would target these hallmarks could be considered as important candidates for the treatment of PD.
In addition EGCG μM has also exhibited significant inhibitory effects against oxidative stress induced apoptosis [ 10 ]. Green tea polyphenols are known to possess neuroprotective and neurorescue action.
In particular, EGCG has shown to increase cell viability, decrease reactive oxygen species [ 65 ] and expression levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress markers and apoptotic markers [ 6667 ].
They also protect cells against mitochondrial dysfunction [ 68 ], 6-hydroxydopamine 6-OHDA induced toxicity [ 69 ], apoptosis induced by mitochondrial oxidative stress [ 70 ] and glutamate excitotoxicity [ 71 ]. EGCG also preserves mitochondrial energetics [ 72 ] and limits the inflammation of the brain and neuronal damage [ 7374 ], which in turn prolongs the onset of symptoms, life span [ 75 ], cognitive skill and learning ability of the patient [ 627677 ].
Not only does EGCG exert neuroprotective effects, it also wields neurorescue activity by promoting neurite growth [ 78 ]. Which, makes EGCG a good candidate for a potent disease-modifying agent with neurorescue and neuroprotective properties [ 79 ]. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species such as nitrite oxide, superoxide and hydroxyl free radicals are naturally produced to assist the host system in defence against oxidative stress and inflammation triggered through pathogens and infectious agents.
But these species have a two faced nature, when overproduced in the body, they initiate a deleterious process making them a mediator to cell structure damage including DNA, proteins and lipids, which eventually leads to apoptosis and cell death [ 80 ]. Green tea polyphenols are biological antioxidants with radical scavenging properties.
Among the green tea polyphenol family, EGCG and ECG are the most potent radical scavengers. This is attributed to the presence of an ortho-trihydroxyl group in the B ring [ 19 ], 4-keto and 5-hydroxyl group in the C ring i.
the galloyl moiety [ 35 ] and the A ring in their structures. Also, the difference between antioxidant activities of EGCG and ECG is slight and is attributed to the number of hydroxyl groups each possesses [ 81 ].
In general they can scavenge 1,1-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl radicals, peroxyl radicals [ 82 ], nitric oxide, lipid free radicals, singlet oxygen, peroxynitrite [ 83 ], hydroxyl free radicals and superoxide anion radicals [ 84 ] through three possible mechanisms.
First, by chelating metal ions to their inactive forms [ 85 ]. Second, by direct interaction between catechins and peroxyl radical via a fast mechanism of electron H-atom transfer, to prevent DNA strand breakage [ 86 ]. And third, by preventing the deaminating ability of free radicals by forming stable semiquinone free radicals [ 87 ].
Oral administration of EGCG, in vivo has reported significant reduction in levels of lipid peroxidation products with elevated levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants [ 88 ]. Complete reversal of the damaging effects of AlCl 3 on superoxide dismutase activity was noted along with markedly improvement in glutathione peroxidase, cytochrome C oxidase and acetylcholinesterase activity [ 89 ].
To better understand the antioxidant potential of EGCG, it was administered long-term in both young and old rats. Consumption of green tea polyphenols in humans has shown to increase the antioxidant levels in the body. Long-term consumption of approximately cups a day has reported an increase in both total antioxidant activity and total polyphenol content with a decrease in peroxide levels, glutathione levels and lipid hydroperoxide levels [ 9192 ].
Suggesting, that green tea polyphenols like EGCG could directly or indirectly regulate the antioxidant levels to reduce oxidative stress.
In addition to deterring oxidative stress, EGCG has also shown to hinder inflammation. It is a potent inhibitor of leukocyte elastase, which mediates the activation of matrix metalloproteinases MMP MMP-2 and MMP-9, which further trigger inflammation [ 93 ].
Oral administration of EGCG in vivo has also shown to significantly reduce inflammation in pulmonary fibrosis, block neutrophil mediated angiogenesis in inflammatory models [ 94 ] and also inhibit proinflammatory mediators such as myeloperoxidases in a dose dependent manner [ 95 ].
Implying that EGCG is a potent anti-inflammatory agent with therapeutic potential. Iron accumulation is one of the major pathologies of neurodegenerative diseases causing neuron death at the site of iron accumulation [ 96 ].
: Brain health catechins| EGCG & Your Brain | Cognitive Vitality | Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation | You may want to consider making green tea a regular part of your lifestyle in a way that meets your personal health goals and taste preferences. Read this article in Spanish. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. VIEW ALL HISTORY. Green tea extract is a concentrated supplemental form of green tea. Here are 10 science-based benefits of green tea extract. Drinking lemon and green tea together is a great way to get the health benefits of these two ingredients. Matcha is a type of powdered green tea. It is very high in antioxidants and has numerous health benefits for your body and brain. Matcha comes from the same plant as green tea, but it contains more antioxidants and caffeine. Here are 7 possible health benefits of matcha tea…. While they're not typically able to prescribe, nutritionists can still benefits your overall health. Let's look at benefits, limitations, and more. A new study found that healthy lifestyle choices — including being physically active, eating well, avoiding smoking and limiting alcohol consumption —…. Carb counting is complicated. Take the quiz and test your knowledge! Together with her husband, Kansas City Chiefs MVP quarterback Patrick Mahomes, Brittany Mohomes shares how she parents two children with severe food…. While there are many FDA-approved emulsifiers, European associations have marked them as being of possible concern. Let's look deeper:. Researchers have found that a daily multivitamin supplement was linked with slowed cognitive aging and improved memory. A Quiz for Teens Are You a Workaholic? How Well Do You Sleep? Health Conditions Discover Plan Connect. Nutrition Evidence Based 10 Evidence-Based Benefits of Green Tea. Medically reviewed by Kathy W. Warwick, R. Contains plant-based antioxidant compounds. May improve cognitive function. Could help with fat burning. Might lower the risk of some cancers. May protect the brain from aging. Could help with oral health. May help with the managing blood sugar. Explore our top resources. Might help prevent heart disease. May help you lose weight. tea relevant to treatment of dementia. Phytother Res 18, Biasibetti R, Tramontina AC, Costa AP et al. Behav Brain Res , Rezai-Zadeh K, Arendash GW, Hou H et al. Brain Res , Rasoolijazi H, Joghataie MT, Roghani M et al. Iran Biomed J 11, Mielgo-Ayuso J, Barrenechea L, Alcorta P et al. Br J Nutr , Kumar NB, Pow-Sang J, Egan KM et al. Cancer Prev Res Phila 8, Isomura T, Suzuki S, Origasa H et al. Eur J Clin Nutr 70, Hartley L, Flowers N, Holmes J et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev , CD Jurgens TM, Whelan AM, Killian L et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 12, CD Dostal AM, Samavat H, Bedell S et al. Food Chem Toxicol 83, Green tea drug interactions. Becki How to get more EGCG from your green tea bag. US Department of Agriculture. Unachukwu UJ, Ahmed S, Kavalier A et al. Overview of the possible gene targets involved in anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic actions of low and high concentrations of EGCG. Abbreviations: Akt — is another name for protein kinase B, ERK — extracellular signal-regulated kinase, MEK — is a member of MAPK signalling cascade, PI3K — phosphoinositidekinase, PKC — protein kinase C, SAPK — stress activated protein kinase, TRAIL — TNF related apoptosis inducing ligand. Although EGCG is a good candidate for a neuroprotective agent due to its ability to manipulate multiple desired targets, its use as a therapeutic agent is limited. This is due to its poor availability, solubility and stability. Factors such as temperature, light, pH of the stomach, first pass metabolism, enzymes of the gut, interaction with food, insufficient absorption time and insufficient transport through the BBB limit the beneficial attributes of EGCG [ ]. Nanotechnology based oral drug delivery systems could be employed to resolve these shortcomings easily. It is known that nanoparticles are generally non-toxic, size-controllable, produce fewer side effects and have high drug bioavailability and absorption capacity [ ]. With particle sizes lower than nm, these nanoparticles are capable of easily diffusing across the BBB [ ]. To appraise the value of this new approach, our research group has delved into this subject. So far we have successfully encapsulated green tea polyphenols including catechin and EGCG into gold [ ], casein [ ], poly D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid PLGA biopolymer [ ] and polylactic acid PLA — polyethylene glycol PEG co-polymer nanoparticles [Unpublished observations], which are not only eco-friendly and biodegradable in nature but have also shown high drug bioavailability and absorption capacity. For EGCG PLA-PEG nanoparticles in particular, maximum drug entrapment of Making their diffusion across the BBB possible. Furthermore, the release of the drug from the nanoparticles was also modulated to give a slow, sustained and controlled release for over 33 hours under physiological conditions, pH 7. To protect against the pH of the stomach, first pass metabolism, enzymes of the gut and food interaction, a PEG coating on nanoparticles was introduced. Therefore the encapsulation of EGCG into nanoparticles could not only help overcome all limitations of the pure drug but also enhance the neuroprotective effect of the agent. Making it a sensible option for oral drug delivery. The multi-etiological character of neurodegenerative diseases demands the need for the development of therapeutic agents capable of manipulating multiple desired targets. Green tea polyphenols, in particular EGCG is able to fulfil this criterion both in vitro and in vivo. These properties together give EGCG its neuroprotective and neurorescue abilities. Therefore, with the support from this data we propose EGCG as an iron chelating - brain permeable - antioxidant agent, which can modulate multiple brain targets. However, there is a need for examining this neuroprotective effect in depth through human clinical trials, since presently very few studies have delved into this subject. PMID: Bossy-Wetzel E, Schwarzenbacher R, Lipton S A. 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| Prevention of brain aging by green tea components: Role of catechins and theanine | It clinically characterized by the presence of extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles that instigate the selective loss of neurons in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus through several mechanisms. Association between tea consumption and risk of cognitive disorders: A dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies. Green tea protects against ethanol-induced lipid peroxidation in rat organs. Author information Authors and Affiliations Department of Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, , Tamil Nadu, India Neha Atulkumar Singh Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, , Tamil Nadu, India Abul Kalam Azad Mandal Centre for Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research, Adesh University, Bathinda, Punjab, India Zaved Ahmed Khan Authors Neha Atulkumar Singh View author publications. Haegeman G, Goya L, Bravo L, Ramos S, Novais A. |
| Drink Your Catechins: Green Tea and Other Ingredients Show Positive Ef – Brain Health & Aging | Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Yeon J, Jeon S, Bae K, Song K, Hee Y. Ten years of protein kinase B signalling: A hard Akt to follow. Neuroprotective properties of EGCG Green tea polyphenols are known to possess neuroprotective and neurorescue action. Effects of dietary supplementation with the green tea polyphenol epigallocatechingallate on insulin resistance and associated metabolic risk factors: Randomized controlled trial. A recent review of studies suggests that regularly drinking green tea could lower many risk factors of heart disease , such as blood pressure or lipids. |
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