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Why the DEXA Bone Density Test Doesn't Work By understanding the ins and outs gor DXA scans, you'll equip yourself with the boje needed to take Metabolic health tips of your bone health journey. A DXA scan, short for dual x-ray gone, is a DEXA scan for tracking changes in bone density over time non-invasive imaging Densit designed to measure ovr mineral density BMD. DXA scans use extremely low-dose X-rays to ovr the mass of bone tissue per bone area, most importantly in your spine and hip regions. The use of two energies allows the differentiation of bone from surrounding soft tissue, such as muscles and fat. This measurement calculates the density of your bones, which is the major way to determine their strength. Knowing your bone strength tells you how likely you are to break a bone during normal daily activities or minor accidents. For women at an average age of 50, the menopause-associated loss of estrogen production leads to a universal loss of bone mass and strength, although the rate of loss varies among individuals.Please denstiy the Nutrient-dense cooking oils at the end of this page. WHAT DOES BONE DENSITY TESTING DO Hracking WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?
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There are different scna of DXA instruments, and the bone density measurements are easier to compare if they have been taken on the same model. Quantitative computerized tomography — This is a type of computed tomography CT that provides accurate measures of bone density in the spine.
Although this test may be an alternative to DXA, it is seldom used because it is expensive and requires a higher radiation dose. Ultrasound — Ultrasound can be used to measure the bone density of the heel.
This may be useful to determine a person's fracture risk. However, it is used less frequently than DXA because there are no guidelines that use ultrasound measurements to diagnose osteoporosis or predict fracture risk.
In areas that do not have access to DXA, ultrasound is an acceptable way to measure bone density. During dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry DXAyou lie on an examination table. An x-ray detector scans a bone region, and the amount of x-rays that pass through bone are measured and displayed as an image that is interpreted by a radiologist or metabolic bone expert.
The test causes no discomfort, involves no injections or special preparation, and usually takes only 5 to 10 minutes. The x-ray detector will detect any metal on your clothing zippers, belt bucklesso you may be asked to wear a gown for the test.
It is also recommended that you avoid taking calcium supplements in the 24 hours before your test, as these supplements can sometimes interfere with the images.
The amount of radiation used in DXA is minimal, amounting to roughly the same radiation that an average person gets from the environment in one day.
After the test is completed and the doctor interprets the results, you will be given a score that speaks to the condition of your bones. The results of a bone density test are expressed either as a "T" or a "Z" score. T-scores represent numbers that compare the condition of your bones with those of an average young person with healthy bones.
Z-scores instead represent numbers that compare the condition of your bones with those of an average person your age. Of these two numbers, the T-score is usually the most important. T-scores are usually in the negative or minus range.
The lower the bone density T-score, the greater the risk of fracture table 1. People who have a score in this range do not typically need treatment, but it is useful for them to take steps to prevent bone loss, such as having adequate amounts of calcium and vitamin D and doing weightbearing exercise.
Low bone mass osteopenia — Low bone mass osteopenia is the term health care providers use to describe bone density that is lower than normal but that has not yet reached the low levels seen with osteoporosis. A person with osteopenia does not yet have osteoporosis but is at risk of developing it.
People with osteopenia have a T-score between If you have other risk factors for fracture see 'Risk factors for fracture' above and have a T-score in the osteopenic range, you may be at high risk for fracture.
People with low bone mass are usually advised to take steps to prevent osteoporosis. Sometimes that includes taking medications. Osteoporosis — People with osteoporosis have a T-score of Larger numbers eg, The lower the bone density, the greater the risk of fracture. If you discover that you have osteoporosis, there are several things you can do to reduce the chances that you will break a bone.
For instance, you can take osteoporosis medications combined with calcium and vitamin D supplements, and you can do an exercise program. See "Patient education: Calcium and vitamin D for bone health Beyond the Basics " and "Patient education: Osteoporosis prevention and treatment Beyond the Basics ".
Note that if you have previously had a low trauma bone fracture, you are also classified as having osteoporosis and need to take osteoporosis medications, regardless of your bone density T-score. Fracture prediction tool — Fracture Risk Assessment Tool FRAX is an online tool that was developed to estimate your year likelihood of having a minimal trauma fracture.
You can use it to determine your fracture risk even if you have not had a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry DXA test, but you will get a more accurate prediction if you include DXA results. If you decide to use the FRAX tool on your own, without a DXA study, and the results indicate a high risk of fracture, then it may be helpful to ask your health care provider whether you can also have a DXA test.
This DXA will serve as a baseline by which your doctor can follow your response to treatment. If the FRAX tool indicates that you have a high risk of fracture, your doctor may also recommend that you start on antifracture medications, regardless of your bone density results.
FRAX should not be used if you have already had a minimal trauma fracture or are already on treatment aimed at preserving your bone health and preventing future fractures. DO I NEED TO HAVE BONE DENSITY TESTING AGAIN? Even if your bone density test shows that you do not have osteoporosis today, you may need to have the test again.
How long to wait between tests depends on your initial bone density results and whether you have risk factors that represent an ongoing threat to your bones.
Repeat bone density measurements may be most valuable for people who are taking a medication to treat osteoporosis to determine the efficacy of treatment and for people who are not being treated but have medical conditions that can cause bone loss to determine if they need treatment.
Bone density tests help health care providers spot bone loss in people who might otherwise have no symptoms. The tests are painless, quick, and safe, and they can alert people to bone loss before they have a fracture. The tests are also useful in tracking the effects of medications used to manage bone disease.
Your health care provider is the best source of information for questions and concerns related to your medical problem. This article will be updated as needed on our website www. Related topics for patients, as well as selected articles written for health care professionals, are also available.
Some of the most relevant are listed below. Patient level information — UpToDate offers two types of patient education materials. The Basics — The Basics patient education pieces answer the four or five key questions a patient might have about a given condition.
These articles are best for patients who want a general overview and who prefer short, easy-to-read materials. Patient education: Bone density testing The Basics Patient education: Osteoporosis The Basics Patient education: Calcium and vitamin D for bone health The Basics Patient education: Vitamin D deficiency The Basics Patient education: Primary hyperparathyroidism The Basics Patient education: Hip fracture The Basics Patient education: Vertebral compression fracture The Basics Patient education: Cadmium toxicity The Basics Patient education: Medicines for osteoporosis The Basics.
Beyond the Basics — Beyond the Basics patient education pieces are longer, more sophisticated, and more detailed. These articles are best for patients who want in-depth information and are comfortable with some medical jargon.
Patient education: Osteoporosis prevention and treatment Beyond the Basics Patient education: Calcium and vitamin D for bone health Beyond the Basics. Professional level information — Professional level articles are designed to keep doctors and other health professionals up-to-date on the latest medical findings.
These articles are thorough, long, and complex, and they contain multiple references to the research on which they are based. Professional level articles are best for people who are comfortable with a lot of medical terminology and who want to read the same materials their doctors are reading.
Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and evaluation of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women Osteoporotic fracture risk assessment Screening for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and men. htmavailable in Spanish. orgavailable in English and Spanish. Contributor disclosures are reviewed for conflicts of interest by the editorial group.
When found, these are addressed by vetting through a multi-level review process, and through requirements for references to be provided to support the content.
: DEXA scan for tracking changes in bone density over time| Radiation in Healthcare: Bone Density (DEXA Scan) | Radiation | NCEH | CDC | This procedure is important for diagnosing seeing if someone has osteoporosis or bone thinning and may be repeated over time to track changes in bone density. The amount of radiation used in DEXA scans is very low and similar to the amount of radiation used in common x-rays. Although we all are exposed to ionizing radiation every day from the natural environment, added exposures can slightly increase the risk of developing cancer later in life. Your healthcare provider may recommend a DEXA scan to test for osteoporosis or thinning of your bones. Screening for osteoporosis is recommended for women who are 65 years old or older and for women who are 50 to 64 and have certain risk factors, such as having a parent who has broken a hip. However, there are other risk factors for osteoporosis besides age and gender, such as some intestinal disorders, multiple sclerosis, or low body weight. Your healthcare provider may recommend a DEXA scan if you have any of these other risk factors. DEXA scans should be used when the health benefits outweigh the risks. Talk to your healthcare provider about any concerns you have before a DEXA scan. Find information on special considerations pregnant women and children. Learn more about the benefits and risks of imaging tests, including nuclear medicine, and how to reduce your exposure to radiation. DEXA scans are different from other imaging procedures because they are used to screen for a specific condition. Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link. Radiation and Your Health. Section Navigation. Bone Health and Osteoporosis Foundation. Date unknown. Accessed October 12, Low bone density. Finkelstein JS, Yu EW. Patient education: Bone density testing beyond the basics. In: Rosen CJ, ed. Updated October 18, Lewiecki EM. Overview of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Updated March 15, Accessed November 2, Osteoporotic fracture risk assessment. In: Rosen CJ, Schmader KE, eds. Updated March 29, Accessed November 1, MedlinePlus: National Library of Medicine. Bone density. Updated March 25, Bone density scan. Updated September 16, National Cancer Institute. Bone mineral density scan. National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. Updated October Accessed October 10, NIH Osteoporosis and Related Bone Diseases National Resource Center. Bone mass measurement: What the numbers mean. Bone densitometry DEXA, DXA. Updated January 16, General ultrasound. Updated June 15, Department of Health and Human Services. Get a bone density test. Updated July 8, United States Preventive Services Task Force USPSTF. Osteoporosis to prevent fractures: Screening. Updated June 26, Yu EW. Screening for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and men. Updated April 5, This form enables patients to ask specific questions about lab tests. Your questions will be answered by a laboratory scientist as part of a voluntary service provided by one of our partners, American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science. Please allow business days for an email response from one of the volunteers on the Consumer Information Response Team. Last modified on Jan 07, Bone Density Test Also Known As: Bone Densitometry, BMD Scan, DEXA Scan, Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Scan, Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry, DXA. Board Approved. Test Quick Guide The bone density test is a type of low-dose x-ray that measures the strength and density of your bones. About the Test Purpose of bone density testing The purpose of a bone density test is to determine whether you may be at an increased risk of bone fractures. What does the bone density test measure? When should I get a bone density test? Some factors that increase the risk of weakened bones include: Body weight under pounds or body mass index BMI under 21 Family history of osteoporosis Use of certain medications that can weaken bones Medical conditions such as diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis Breaking a bone after age 50 Early menopause Long-term use of alcohol or tobacco Lack of physical activity Insufficient intake of certain vitamins and minerals such as calcium and vitamin D Routine screening for osteoporosis in older males is not recommended by most medical experts. Finding a Bone Density Test How to get tested Many bone density scans require a prescription or a referral from your doctor. Can I take the bone density test at home? How much does the bone density test cost? Taking a Bone Density Test The bone density test is done on an outpatient basis in a hospital, radiology office, or health center. Before the test A bone density test requires little to no preparation. Before the bone density test you may receive guidance from your doctor, including: On test day, avoid wearing any garments or accessories with metal that might interfere with the x-ray images such as zippers, belts, buttons, jewelry, keys, eyeglasses, dental appliances, wallets, and purses. Wear loose, comfortable clothing. During the test For a central DXA scan, you will lie on your back on a padded table. After the test Bone density testing is a fairly quick, painless, and simple procedure. Bone Density Test Results Receiving test results For most DXA scans, a radiologist with special training in reading and interpreting images of the body will view your bone density scans. Interpreting bone density test results Bone density test results are reported as T-scores and Z-scores: T-scores compare your bone density to that of a healthy young person with normal bone mass. The T-score is considered the more important of the two scores as it better represents bone mineral density and bone health. Z-scores compare your bone density to that of other people your age. Doctors typically look more closely at the Z-score for premenopausal females, males under 50, and children. These categories of results on a bone density test are summarized in the following table: Bone density levels T Score Range Normal bone density -1 and above Low bone density Osteopenia Between -1 and Are test results accurate? Do I need follow-up tests? Questions for your doctor about test results After you receive your bone density test results, it may be helpful to make a list of questions for your doctor. Examples of questions include: Is my bone density in the normal range? DXA can be used to evaluate your bone health in ways that go beyond measuring bone density. Here are some of the other applications of DXA. These tests are available at some but not all DXA facilities. Many tests other than DXA can be used to assess your bone health. Some of them are not as widely used as DXA, but they may provide useful information beyond bone density, or help to determine who needs a DXA. QCT provides a 3-dimensional measurement of bone density and can generate numbers that can be used to diagnose osteoporosis and for input with FRAX. Most types of QCT tests provide the same type of T-scores for bone mineral density at the hip as does DXA, but at the spine can provide a measurement of bone mineral density of just the spongy bone inside your vertebra. This type of spinal measurement may be preferred if your spinal bones have degenerative disease. QCT is not as widely used as DXA due to limited availability, higher radiation dose, and being less practical to monitor treatment for most patients. BCT is an advanced technology that uses data from a CT scan to measure bone mineral density. BCT also uses engineering analysis finite element analysis or FEA to estimate bone strength or measure the breaking strength of bone. REMS is a portable method that does not use radiation that gives bone density measurements of the hip and spine. These types of tests measure bone density or other parameters in the peripheral skeleton, namely the arm, leg, wrist, fingers, or heel. Examples include:. The results from these types of tests are not comparable to central DXA measurement and therefore difficult to interpret for diagnostic purposes and thus additional testing is often required. Screening tests cannot accurately diagnose osteoporosis and should not be used to see how well an osteoporosis medicine is working. Most people need a prescription or referral from their healthcare provider to have a bone density test. The ideal facility is one with staff that are trained and certified by an organization such as the ISCD, and better yet, one that has been accredited by the ISCD. Most hospital radiology departments, private radiology groups, and some medical practices offer bone density testing. When you go for your appointment, be sure to take the prescription or referral with you. The testing center will send your bone density test results to your healthcare provider. You may want to make an appointment to discuss your results with your healthcare provider. |
| Why should women over 50 consider a DXA scan? | You can use it to determine your fracture risk even if you have not had a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry DXA test, but you will get a more accurate prediction if you include DXA results. If you decide to use the FRAX tool on your own, without a DXA study, and the results indicate a high risk of fracture, then it may be helpful to ask your health care provider whether you can also have a DXA test. This DXA will serve as a baseline by which your doctor can follow your response to treatment. If the FRAX tool indicates that you have a high risk of fracture, your doctor may also recommend that you start on antifracture medications, regardless of your bone density results. FRAX should not be used if you have already had a minimal trauma fracture or are already on treatment aimed at preserving your bone health and preventing future fractures. DO I NEED TO HAVE BONE DENSITY TESTING AGAIN? Even if your bone density test shows that you do not have osteoporosis today, you may need to have the test again. How long to wait between tests depends on your initial bone density results and whether you have risk factors that represent an ongoing threat to your bones. Repeat bone density measurements may be most valuable for people who are taking a medication to treat osteoporosis to determine the efficacy of treatment and for people who are not being treated but have medical conditions that can cause bone loss to determine if they need treatment. Bone density tests help health care providers spot bone loss in people who might otherwise have no symptoms. The tests are painless, quick, and safe, and they can alert people to bone loss before they have a fracture. The tests are also useful in tracking the effects of medications used to manage bone disease. Your health care provider is the best source of information for questions and concerns related to your medical problem. This article will be updated as needed on our website www. Related topics for patients, as well as selected articles written for health care professionals, are also available. Some of the most relevant are listed below. Patient level information — UpToDate offers two types of patient education materials. The Basics — The Basics patient education pieces answer the four or five key questions a patient might have about a given condition. These articles are best for patients who want a general overview and who prefer short, easy-to-read materials. Patient education: Bone density testing The Basics Patient education: Osteoporosis The Basics Patient education: Calcium and vitamin D for bone health The Basics Patient education: Vitamin D deficiency The Basics Patient education: Primary hyperparathyroidism The Basics Patient education: Hip fracture The Basics Patient education: Vertebral compression fracture The Basics Patient education: Cadmium toxicity The Basics Patient education: Medicines for osteoporosis The Basics. Beyond the Basics — Beyond the Basics patient education pieces are longer, more sophisticated, and more detailed. These articles are best for patients who want in-depth information and are comfortable with some medical jargon. Patient education: Osteoporosis prevention and treatment Beyond the Basics Patient education: Calcium and vitamin D for bone health Beyond the Basics. Professional level information — Professional level articles are designed to keep doctors and other health professionals up-to-date on the latest medical findings. These articles are thorough, long, and complex, and they contain multiple references to the research on which they are based. Professional level articles are best for people who are comfortable with a lot of medical terminology and who want to read the same materials their doctors are reading. Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and evaluation of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women Osteoporotic fracture risk assessment Screening for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and men. htm , available in Spanish. org , available in English and Spanish. Contributor disclosures are reviewed for conflicts of interest by the editorial group. When found, these are addressed by vetting through a multi-level review process, and through requirements for references to be provided to support the content. Appropriately referenced content is required of all authors and must conform to UpToDate standards of evidence. Conflict of interest policy. Why UpToDate? Product Editorial Subscription Options Subscribe Sign in. View Topic Loading Font Size Small Normal Large. Patient education: Bone density testing Beyond the Basics. Formulary drug information for this topic. No drug references linked in this topic. Find in topic Formulary Print Share. Official reprint from UpToDate ® www. com © UpToDate, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Authors: Joel S Finkelstein, MD Elaine W Yu, MD Section Editor: Clifford J Rosen, MD Deputy Editor: Katya Rubinow, MD. All topics are updated as new evidence becomes available and our peer review process is complete. Literature review current through: Jan This topic last updated: Sep 29, WHO SHOULD GET BONE DENSITY TESTING? There are several different types of bone density tests. WHAT TO EXPECT FROM A DXA TEST During dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry DXA , you lie on an examination table. WHAT DO THE RESULTS MEAN? SUMMARY Bone density tests help health care providers spot bone loss in people who might otherwise have no symptoms. Patient education: Bone density testing The Basics Patient education: Osteoporosis The Basics Patient education: Calcium and vitamin D for bone health The Basics Patient education: Vitamin D deficiency The Basics Patient education: Primary hyperparathyroidism The Basics Patient education: Hip fracture The Basics Patient education: Vertebral compression fracture The Basics Patient education: Cadmium toxicity The Basics Patient education: Medicines for osteoporosis The Basics Beyond the Basics — Beyond the Basics patient education pieces are longer, more sophisticated, and more detailed. Patient education: Osteoporosis prevention and treatment Beyond the Basics Patient education: Calcium and vitamin D for bone health Beyond the Basics Professional level information — Professional level articles are designed to keep doctors and other health professionals up-to-date on the latest medical findings. Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and evaluation of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women Osteoporotic fracture risk assessment Screening for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and men The following organizations also provide reliable health information. org , available in English and Spanish [ ]. Incidence and economic burden of osteoporosis-related fractures in the United States, J Bone Miner Res ; Binkley N, Bilezikian JP, Kendler DL, et al. Summary of the International Society For Clinical Densitometry Position Development Conference. Hodgson SF, Watts NB, Bilezikian JP, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists medical guidelines for clinical practice for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis: edition, with selected updates for Endocr Pract ; Raisz LG. Clinical practice. Screening for osteoporosis. N Engl J Med ; National Osteoporosis Foundation. Clinician's Guide to Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis. It does NOT include all information about conditions, treatments, medications, side effects, or risks that may apply to a specific patient. It is not intended to be medical advice or a substitute for the medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment of a health care provider based on the health care provider's examination and assessment of a patient's specific and unique circumstances. Patients must speak with a health care provider for complete information about their health, medical questions, and treatment options, including any risks or benefits regarding use of medications. This information does not endorse any treatments or medications as safe, effective, or approved for treating a specific patient. UpToDate, Inc. and its affiliates disclaim any warranty or liability relating to this information or the use thereof. All rights reserved. GRAPHICS Bones affected by osteoporosis. The bones in this picture are called "vertebrae. Its spongy center has lots of hard fibers that are connected to each other. The one on the right has osteoporosis. Its spongy center has fewer, thinner fibers that are no longer connected. The surrounding shell of compact bone is thinner. This makes the vertebra weak. DEXA stands for dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. This technique was introduced for commercial use in It sends two X-ray beams at different peak energy frequencies to the target bones. One peak is absorbed by soft tissue and the other by bone. When the soft tissue absorption amount is subtracted from the total absorption, the remainder is your bone mineral density. The test is noninvasive, fast, and more accurate than a regular X-ray. It involves an extremely low level of radiation. The World Health Organization WHO established DEXA as the best technique for assessing bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. DEXA is also known as DXA or bone densitometry. The cost of a DEXA scan varies, based on where you live and the type of facility performing the test. Insurance companies usually cover all or part of the cost if your doctor has ordered the scan as medically necessary. With insurance, you may have a copay. Some facilities may charge considerably more. A DEXA scan is used to determine your risk of osteoporosis and bone fracture. It may also be used to monitor whether your osteoporosis treatment is working. Usually the scan will target your lower spine and hips. Standard X-ray diagnostics used before the development of the DEXA technology were only able to detect bone loss that was greater than 40 percent. DEXA can measure within 2 percent to 4 percent precision. Another use for DEXA scans is to measure body composition, lean muscle, and fat tissue. DEXA is much more accurate than the traditional body mass index BMI in determining excess fat. A total body picture can be used to assess weight loss or muscle strengthening. DEXA scans are usually outpatient procedures. Wear comfortable clothing. Depending on the body area being scanned, you may have to take off any clothes with metal fasteners, zippers, or hooks. The technician may ask you to remove any jewelry or other items, such as keys, that may contain metal. You may be given a hospital gown to wear during the exam. They may ask you to wait a few days before scheduling a DEXA scan. They may want to defer the DEXA scan until after you have the baby or take special precautions. The DEXA apparatus includes a flat padded table that you lie on. A movable arm above holds the X-ray detector. A device that produces X-rays is below the table. The technician will position you on the table. They may place a wedge under your knees to help flatten your spine for the image, or to position your hip. They may also position your arm for scanning. The technician will ask you to hold very still while the imaging arm above slowly moves across your body. The X-ray radiation level is low enough to allow the technician to remain in the room with you while operating the device. The scoring system for the scan measures your bone loss against that of a healthy young adult, according to standards established by the WHO. This is called your T score. Your results may also give you a Z score, which compares your bone loss to that of others in your age group. Your doctor will go over the tests results with you. The doctor may want to follow up with a second DEXA scan in two years, to measure any changes. If your results indicate osteopenia or osteoporosis, your doctor will discuss with you what you can do to slow bone loss and stay healthy. Treatment may simply involve lifestyle changes. Your doctor may advise you to start weight-bearing exercises , balance exercises, strengthening exercises, or a weight loss program. If your osteoporosis is more severe, the doctor may advise that you take one of the many drugs that are designed to strengthen bones and lessen bone loss. Be sure to ask about side effects of any drug treatment. Making a lifestyle change or starting a medication to help slow your bone loss is a good investment in your health and longevity. Studies suggest that 50 percent of women and 25 percent of men over 50 will break a bone because of osteoporosis, according to the National Osteoporosis Foundation NOF. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. |
| What Is a DEXA Scan? | This article TMJ pain relief be updated as needed on our website www. Tracknig example, people with osteoporosis can break chanegs bone just from a minor cor, such as tripping on a loose densitj DEXA scan for tracking changes in bone density over time the living room. Other portable technologies such as specially designed ultrasound machines, are also sometimes used for screening. Fractures of the spine and hip can lead to chronic pain, deformity, depression, disability, and even death. If you need take a medication, any one of them may be better than none, but some are better than others for increasing bone density and reducing the risk of breaking bones. |
| Patient education: Bone density testing (Beyond the Basics) - UpToDate | Metabolism boosting exercises with low bone mass are usually advised Beta-alanine and muscle strength take steps fot prevent osteoporosis. Osteoporosis — Ovef with osteoporosis have a Changez of Why UpToDate? Join us and experience our exercise program designed by physical therapists specifically for women with osteopenia and osteoporosis. The disorder makes bones weak and prone to fracture. Unlocking Bone Health: How Often Should You Get a DEXA Scan? Recent Posts. |
DEXA scan for tracking changes in bone density over time -
Health care providers use these tests to both screen for and diagnose osteoporosis. The tests are important, because they can alert you to problems with your bones before you have a fracture. If it turns out that you have osteoporosis or are at risk for it known as low bone mass or osteopenia , you can take steps to prevent fractures.
See "Patient education: Osteoporosis prevention and treatment Beyond the Basics ". Osteoporosis is much more common in females than in males, and it becomes more common after menopause and with advancing age.
As a result, health care providers recommend bone density testing for people who have been through menopause and are at least 65 years old. In addition, there are certain characteristics that put people at higher risk for fracture, so health care providers sometimes recommend testing in people younger than 65 years who have one or more risk factors.
Risk factors for fracture — Factors that increase a person's risk of fracture and may lead to earlier bone density testing include:. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry — Experts agree that the most useful and reliable bone density test is a specialized kind of x-ray called dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, or DXA.
DXA provides precise measurements of bone density at important bone sites such as the spine, hip, and forearm with minimal radiation. Most experts recommend DXA of the hip and spine because measurements at these sites are the best at predicting who will have an osteoporotic fracture, at identifying who should be treated for osteoporosis, and at monitoring response to treatment.
If you are unable to lie on an examination table, it will not be possible to measure your spine and hip bone density. Instead, you can sit beside the DXA machine for a scan of your forearm. When the hip and spine cannot be measured, the diagnosis of osteoporosis can be made using a DXA measurement of the forearm.
If you have a condition known as hyperparathyroidism, the forearm may also be measured in addition to the spine and hip because the bone density at the forearm may be lower than at the hip with these conditions.
If you have a DXA study done, make sure that your doctor gets the DXA images as well as the actual bone density values. These measurements can hold important clues that are not always on the summary statements. If your doctor recommends a follow-up DXA usually two years or more between studies , try to have the follow-up study done at the same facility as the first one.
There are different models of DXA instruments, and the bone density measurements are easier to compare if they have been taken on the same model. Quantitative computerized tomography — This is a type of computed tomography CT that provides accurate measures of bone density in the spine.
Although this test may be an alternative to DXA, it is seldom used because it is expensive and requires a higher radiation dose. Ultrasound — Ultrasound can be used to measure the bone density of the heel.
This may be useful to determine a person's fracture risk. However, it is used less frequently than DXA because there are no guidelines that use ultrasound measurements to diagnose osteoporosis or predict fracture risk.
In areas that do not have access to DXA, ultrasound is an acceptable way to measure bone density. During dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry DXA , you lie on an examination table. An x-ray detector scans a bone region, and the amount of x-rays that pass through bone are measured and displayed as an image that is interpreted by a radiologist or metabolic bone expert.
The test causes no discomfort, involves no injections or special preparation, and usually takes only 5 to 10 minutes. The x-ray detector will detect any metal on your clothing zippers, belt buckles , so you may be asked to wear a gown for the test.
It is also recommended that you avoid taking calcium supplements in the 24 hours before your test, as these supplements can sometimes interfere with the images.
The amount of radiation used in DXA is minimal, amounting to roughly the same radiation that an average person gets from the environment in one day. After the test is completed and the doctor interprets the results, you will be given a score that speaks to the condition of your bones.
The results of a bone density test are expressed either as a "T" or a "Z" score. T-scores represent numbers that compare the condition of your bones with those of an average young person with healthy bones. Z-scores instead represent numbers that compare the condition of your bones with those of an average person your age.
Of these two numbers, the T-score is usually the most important. T-scores are usually in the negative or minus range. The lower the bone density T-score, the greater the risk of fracture table 1.
People who have a score in this range do not typically need treatment, but it is useful for them to take steps to prevent bone loss, such as having adequate amounts of calcium and vitamin D and doing weightbearing exercise.
Low bone mass osteopenia — Low bone mass osteopenia is the term health care providers use to describe bone density that is lower than normal but that has not yet reached the low levels seen with osteoporosis.
A person with osteopenia does not yet have osteoporosis but is at risk of developing it. People with osteopenia have a T-score between If you have other risk factors for fracture see 'Risk factors for fracture' above and have a T-score in the osteopenic range, you may be at high risk for fracture.
People with low bone mass are usually advised to take steps to prevent osteoporosis. Sometimes that includes taking medications. Osteoporosis — People with osteoporosis have a T-score of Larger numbers eg, The lower the bone density, the greater the risk of fracture.
If you discover that you have osteoporosis, there are several things you can do to reduce the chances that you will break a bone. For instance, you can take osteoporosis medications combined with calcium and vitamin D supplements, and you can do an exercise program.
See "Patient education: Calcium and vitamin D for bone health Beyond the Basics " and "Patient education: Osteoporosis prevention and treatment Beyond the Basics ".
Note that if you have previously had a low trauma bone fracture, you are also classified as having osteoporosis and need to take osteoporosis medications, regardless of your bone density T-score.
Fracture prediction tool — Fracture Risk Assessment Tool FRAX is an online tool that was developed to estimate your year likelihood of having a minimal trauma fracture. You can use it to determine your fracture risk even if you have not had a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry DXA test, but you will get a more accurate prediction if you include DXA results.
If you decide to use the FRAX tool on your own, without a DXA study, and the results indicate a high risk of fracture, then it may be helpful to ask your health care provider whether you can also have a DXA test.
This DXA will serve as a baseline by which your doctor can follow your response to treatment. If the FRAX tool indicates that you have a high risk of fracture, your doctor may also recommend that you start on antifracture medications, regardless of your bone density results.
FRAX should not be used if you have already had a minimal trauma fracture or are already on treatment aimed at preserving your bone health and preventing future fractures.
DO I NEED TO HAVE BONE DENSITY TESTING AGAIN? Even if your bone density test shows that you do not have osteoporosis today, you may need to have the test again.
How long to wait between tests depends on your initial bone density results and whether you have risk factors that represent an ongoing threat to your bones. Repeat bone density measurements may be most valuable for people who are taking a medication to treat osteoporosis to determine the efficacy of treatment and for people who are not being treated but have medical conditions that can cause bone loss to determine if they need treatment.
Bone density tests help health care providers spot bone loss in people who might otherwise have no symptoms. The tests are painless, quick, and safe, and they can alert people to bone loss before they have a fracture.
The tests are also useful in tracking the effects of medications used to manage bone disease. Your health care provider is the best source of information for questions and concerns related to your medical problem. This article will be updated as needed on our website www.
Related topics for patients, as well as selected articles written for health care professionals, are also available. Some of the most relevant are listed below. Patient level information — UpToDate offers two types of patient education materials.
The Basics — The Basics patient education pieces answer the four or five key questions a patient might have about a given condition. These articles are best for patients who want a general overview and who prefer short, easy-to-read materials.
Patient education: Bone density testing The Basics Patient education: Osteoporosis The Basics Patient education: Calcium and vitamin D for bone health The Basics Patient education: Vitamin D deficiency The Basics Patient education: Primary hyperparathyroidism The Basics Patient education: Hip fracture The Basics Patient education: Vertebral compression fracture The Basics Patient education: Cadmium toxicity The Basics Patient education: Medicines for osteoporosis The Basics.
Beyond the Basics — Beyond the Basics patient education pieces are longer, more sophisticated, and more detailed. These articles are best for patients who want in-depth information and are comfortable with some medical jargon.
Patient education: Osteoporosis prevention and treatment Beyond the Basics Patient education: Calcium and vitamin D for bone health Beyond the Basics. Professional level information — Professional level articles are designed to keep doctors and other health professionals up-to-date on the latest medical findings.
These articles are thorough, long, and complex, and they contain multiple references to the research on which they are based. Professional level articles are best for people who are comfortable with a lot of medical terminology and who want to read the same materials their doctors are reading.
Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and evaluation of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women Osteoporotic fracture risk assessment Screening for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and men. htm , available in Spanish. org , available in English and Spanish. Contributor disclosures are reviewed for conflicts of interest by the editorial group.
When found, these are addressed by vetting through a multi-level review process, and through requirements for references to be provided to support the content.
This is the same equipment used by the biggest university research centers in the world, including the one used by McGill University. Why is it better than bioimpedance scales, calipers, tape measure, or other methods?
Many fitness centers try to sell you bioimpedance scale tests or other tests to measure body composition but reality is these tests are inaccurate and lack the precision of a DEXA scan. The error margins are also much larger compared to DEXA with some scales showing inaccuracies of kg in comparison to grams for DEXA.
Furthermore, bioimpedance scale tests and other tests do not offer an evaluation of your bone mineral density which is a critical body evaluation for anyone trying to improve their health since the skeleton is the structure that holds it all together.
The exam lasts approximately 10 minutes. A report is sent to you and your doctor the same day. Contraindication: Do not undergo this exam if you are pregnant.
If you underwent other exams during the same period, it is essential that you allow time to pass between these and your body composition test. info radiomedic. Langelier clinic.
Pointe-aux-trembles clinic. Place Viau clinic. Home Our Radiology Clinic Services General Radiology X-Ray Ultrasound and Doppler Cortisone injection Bone Densitometry Body composition DEXA scan Contact Français.
Our services. This exam is NOT covered by RAMQ. DEXA Scan dual energy X-ray absorptiometry is a medical grade test and is considered the gold standard in body composition. It gives you the most precise information about you body fat, muscle, and bone composition, and lets you track changes in body composition over time.
Fitness enthusiasts, athletes, and dieter often use body composition scans to get a baseline of where they are now, and to objectively measure their progress. Results show you: Overall body fat, lean tissue muscle , bone weight and percentages Breakdowns for both legs, arms and your torso DEXA scan image showing where your body fat and muscle is distributed Visceral fat the dangerous fat around organs We provide feedback of your progress.
You get a better sense of where you are now. And you can track the improvement over time. Weight Loss DEXA helps you monitor your weight loss progress. Body Builders Body builders on a bulk or a cut, want information on how much muscle they are actually gaining during a bulk, or how much muscle they are losing on a cut.
Optimize workout intensity. Determine the effectiveness of your fitness habits. General Health Getting a baseline measurement of fat, muscle, and bone lets you see where you are and track changes over time.
Maintaining optimal Beta-alanine and muscle strength health is crucial for overall fot, and DEXA ovef play densitg pivotal Increasing exercise tolerance in assessing bone density. Trzcking technology advances, so does our ability to monitor and address potential densiry issues. DEXA, or dual-energy X-ray absorptiometryDcan a non-invasive imaging technique that measures bone mineral density. It is commonly used to diagnose and monitor conditions such as osteoporosis. The DEXA scan, a pivotal tool in assessing bone health, employs a swift and non-invasive process that unveils intricate details of bone density. The entire procedure is quick, usually taking about 10 to 30 minutes, and is painless for the patient. As patients recline on a specialized table, a scanner arm glides over their body, emitting low-radiation X-rays that create detailed images, enabling healthcare professionals to evaluate bone strength and identify potential issues with unparalleled precision.
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