Niger J Biochem Refillable toiletries Biol — Google Scholar Maksoud S, Abdel-Massih Aurantimu, Rajha HN, Refueling after a workout N, Chemat F, Aurzntium FJ, Debs E Auratnium aurantium L. Stohs SJ, Aurantjum HG, Shara M A review of the human clinical studies involving Citrus aurantium bitter orange extract and its primary protoalkaloid p-synephrine. New research suggests that running may not aid much with weight loss, but it can help you keep from gaining weight as you age. Martinez M. About Us Company History Why Penn Herb? Chin Med United Kingdom —

Citrus aurantium for digestion -

Asian Pac J Trop Dis — Barragan Ferrer D, Rimantas Venskutonis P, Talou T, Zebib B, Manuel Barragan Ferrer J, Merah O Identification and in vitro activity of bioactive compounds extracted from Tussilago farfara L. plant grown in Lithuania and France.

Free Radic Antioxid 8 1 — Anwar S, Ahmed N, Speciale A, Cimino F, Saija A Bitter orange Citrus aurantium L. In: Essential oils in food preservation, flavor and safety. Tutuş A, Çiçekler M, Küçükbey N Pulp and paper production from bitter orange Citrus aurantium L.

woods with soda-AQ method. Kastamonu Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi. Ellouze I, Debbabi H, Belkacem A, Rekik B Variation in physicochemical and sensory quality of sour orange Citrus aurantium L.

marmalade from the Cap Bon region in North-East Tunisia. Fruits — Article CAS Google Scholar. Karoui IJ, Wannes WA, Marzouk B Refined corn oil aromatization by Citrus aurantium peel essential oil. Ind Crop Prod — Nguyen H, Campi EM, Roy Jackson W, Patti AF Effect of oxidative deterioration on flavour and aroma components of lemon oil.

Food Chem — Oulebsir C, Mefti-Korteby H, Djazouli ZE, Zebib B, Merah O Essential oil of Citrus aurantium L. leaves: composition, antioxidant activity, elastase and collagenase inhibition. Hansen DK, George NI, White GE, Abdel-Rahman A, Pellicore LS, Fabricant D Cardiovascular toxicity of Citrus aurantium in exercised rats.

Cardiovasc Toxicol — Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar. Stohs SJ, Preuss HG, Shara M The safety of Citrus aurantium bitter orange and its primary protoalkaloid p-synephrine. Phytother Res — Louw VJ, Louw H Citrus aurantium — beware of the bitter orange. Deshmukh NS, Stohs SJ, Magar CC, Kale A, Sowmya B Bitter orange Citrus aurantium L.

extract subchronic day safety study in rats. Toxicol Rep — Deshmukh NS, Stohs SJ, Magar CC, Kadam SB Citrus aurantium bitter orange extract: safety assessment by acute and day oral toxicity studies in rats and the Ames Test for mutagenicity.

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Ben HA, Hamdi N, Ben HN, Abdelkafi S Characterization of essential oil from Citrus aurantium L. flowers: antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. J Oleo Sci — Friedman M, Henika PR, Levin CE, Mandrell RE Antibacterial activities of plant essential oils and their components against Escherichia coli OH7 and Salmonella enterica in apple juice.

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growing in Greece. Jabri Karoui I, Marzouk B Characterization of bioactive compounds in Tunisian bitter orange Citrus aurantium L.

peel and juice and determination of their antioxidant activities. Biomed Res Int. Tounsi MS, Wannes WA, Ouerghemmi I, Jegham S, Ben NY, Hamdaoui G, Zemni H, Marzouk B Juice components and antioxidant capacity of four Tunisian Citrus varieties.

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Acta Sci Microbiol — Chibueze Izah S Some determinant factors of antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of plant extracts. Yakubu MT, Ogunro OB, Ademola AR, Awakan OJ, Oyewo EB, Muhammad NO, Ajiboye TO Fadogia Agrestis Schweinf. Ex Hiern aqueous stem extract: chemical profile and its effects on acetaminophen-induced oxidative stress in male rats.

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An updated review. Lee SH, Yumnam S, Hong GE et al Flavonoids of Korean Citrus aurantium L. induce apoptosis via intrinsic pathway in human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells. Jayaprakasha GK, Mandadi KK, Poulose SM, Jadegoud Y, Nagana Gowda GA, Patil BS Novel triterpenoid from Citrus aurantium L.

possesses chemopreventive properties against human colon cancer cells. Bioorg Med Chem — De Moraes Pultrini A, Almeida Galindo L, Costa M Anxiolytic and sedative effects of extracts and essential oil from Citrus aurantium L.

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J Sep Sci — J Nat Prod Plant Resour — Khettal B, Kadri N, Tighilet K, Adjebli A, Dahmoune F, Maiza-Benabdeslam F Phenolic compounds from Citrus leaves: antioxidant activity and enzymatic browning inhibition.

J Complement Integr Med. Maurya AK, Mohanty S, Pal A, Chanotiya CS, Bawankule DU The essential oil from Citrus limetta Risso peels alleviates skin inflammation: in-vitro and in-vivo study. J Ethnopharmacol — Singh B, Singh JP, Kaur A, Yadav MP Insights into the chemical composition and bioactivities of citrus peel essential oils.

Food Res Int Kusuma HS, Putra AFP, Mahfud M Comparison of two isolation methods for essential oils from orange peel Citrus auranticum L as a growth promoter for fish: microwave steam distillation and conventional steam distillation.

J Aquac Res Dev —5. Hosseini SS, Khodaiyan F, Kazemi M, Najari Z Optimization and characterization of pectin extracted from sour orange peel by ultrasound assisted method. Int J Biol Macromol — Hosseini SS, Khodaiyan F, Yarmand MS Optimization of microwave assisted extraction of pectin from sour orange peel and its physicochemical properties.

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Herb Prod — Abou Baker DH, Ibrahim BMM, Hassan NS, Yousuf AF, El Gengaihi S Exploiting Citrus aurantium seeds and their secondary metabolites in the management of Alzheimer disease.

Moulehi I, Bourgou S, Ourghemmi I, Tounsi MS Variety and ripening impact on phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of mandarin Citrus reticulate Blanco and bitter orange Citrus aurantium L.

seeds extracts. Agriculture Switzerland —9. Karimi E, Oskoueian E, Hendra R, Oskoueian A, Jaafar HZE Phenolic compounds characterization and biological activities of Citrus aurantium bloom.

Değirmenci H, Erkurt H Relationship between volatile components, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the essential oil, hydrosol and extracts of Citrus aurantium L. J Infect Public Health — Pasandideh S, Arasteh A Evaluation of antioxidant and inhibitory properties of Citrus aurantium L.

on the acetylcholinesterase activity and the production of amyloid nano—bio fibrils. Mohagheghniapour A, Saharkhiz MJ, Golmakani MT, Niakousari M Variations in chemical compositions of essential oil from sour orange Citrus aurantium L.

blossoms by different isolation methods. Sustain Chem Pharm — Yan Y, Zhou H, Wu C, Feng X, Han C, Chen H, Liu Y, Li Y Ultrasound-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction of synephrine, naringin, and neohesperidin from Citrus aurantium L. Prep Biochem Biotechnol — Ishaq A, Sani D, Abdullahi S, Jatau I In vitro anticoccidial activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Citrus aurantium L.

against Eimeria tenella oocysts. Sokoto J Vet Sci — Rauf A, Uddin G, Ali J Phytochemical analysis and radical scavenging profile of juices of Citrus sinensis , Citrus anrantifolia , and Citrus limonum.

Org Med Chem Lett Gunwantrao BB, Bhausaheb SK, Ramrao BS, Subhash KS Antimicrobial activity and phytochemical analysis of orange Citrus aurantium L.

and pineapple Ananas comosus L. peel extract. Ann Phytomed Int J — Babajide AB, Adebolu TT, Oladunmoye MK, Oladejo BO Evaluation of antibacterial activity of Citrus aurantium L.

leaf extracts on bacteria isolated from blood of hepatitis B positive individuals in Ondo State, Nigeria. Microbes Infect Dis — Khudhair AMAAA, Minnat T, Jalyl O Phytochemical analysis and inhibitory effect of Citrus aurantium L.

bitter orange leaves on some bacterial isolates in vitro. Diyala J Pure Sci — IJRDO-J Biol Sci — He XG, Lian LZ, Lin LZ, Bernart MW High-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry in phytochemical analysis of sour orange Citrus aurantium L.

J Chromatogr A — Arlette NT, Anangmo N, Nadia C, Gertrude MT, Stephanie MT, Pone W The in vitro anticoccidial activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Ageratum conyzoide sand Vernonia amygdalina Asteraceae. World J Pharm Pharm Sci — Evid Based Complement Alternat Med.

Malleshappa P, Kumaran RC, Venkatarangaiah K, Parveen S Peels of Citrus fruits: a potential source of anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive agents.

Pharm J S—S Jain S, Arora P, Popli H A comprehensive review on Citrus aurantifolia essential oil: its phytochemistry and pharmacological aspects. Braz J Nat Sci Aladekoyi G, Omosulis V, OrungbemiO O Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of oil extracted from three different citrus seeds Citrus limon , Citrus aurantifolia and Citrus aurantium.

Int J Sci Res Eng Stud — Kačániová M, Terentjeva M, Galovičová L et al Biological activity and antibiofilm molecular profile of Citrus aurantium essential oil and its application in a food model. Benzaid C, Belmadani A, Tichati L, Djeribi R, Rouabhia M Effect of Citrus aurantium L.

Essential oil on streptococcus mutans growth, biofilm formation and virulent genes expression. Antibiotics — Karabiyikli Ş, Deǧirmenci H, Karapinar M Inhibitory effect of sour orange Citrus aurantium juice on salmonella typhimurium and listeria monocytogenes. LWT — Gopal PV Evaluation of anti-microbial activity of Citrus aurantium against some gram positive and negative bacterial strains.

Pharmacia — Haraoui N, Allem R, Chaouche TM, Belouazni A In-vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of some varieties citrus grown in Algeria.

Adv Tradit Med — Teneva D, Denkova-Kostova R, Goranov B, Hristova-Ivanova Y, Slavchev A, Denkova Z, Kostov G Chemical composition, antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity of essential oil from Citrus aurantium L zest against some pathogenic microorganisms.

Z Naturforsch C J Biosci — Clavaud C, Jourdain R, Bar-Hen A et al Dandruff is associated with disequilibrium in the proportion of the major bacterial and fungal populations colonizing the scalp. PLoS One. J Food Sci. Lobo V, Patil A, Phatak A, Chandra N Free radicals, antioxidants and functional foods: impact on human health.

Pharmacogn Rev — Shi Z, Li T, Liu Y, Cai T, Yao W, Jiang J, He Y, Shan L Hepatoprotective and anti-oxidative effects of total flavonoids from Qu Zhi Qiao fruit of Citrus Paradisi cv. Changshanhuyou on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in vivo and in vitro through Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway.

Bendaha H, Bouchal B, El Mounsi I, Salhi A, Berrabeh M, El Bellaoui M, Mimouni M Chemical composition, antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal activities of peel essential oils of Citrus aurantium grown in Eastern Morocco. Pharm Lett — Bian Y, Chen X, Cao H et al A correlational study of Weifuchun and its clinical effect on intestinal flora in precancerous lesions of gastric cancer.

Chin Med United Kingdom — Yao L, Zhang X, Huang C, Cai Y, Wan C The effect of Citrus aurantium on non-small-cell lung cancer: a research based on network and experimental pharmacology.

Shen C-Y, Yang L, Jiang J-G, Zheng C-Y, Zhu W Immune enhancement effects and extraction optimization of polysaccharides from Citrus aurantium L. amara Engl. Food Funct — Han MH, Lee WS, Lu JN, Kim G, Jung JM, Ryu CH, Kim GIY, Hwang HJ, Kwon TK, Choi YH Citrus aurantium L.

exhibits apoptotic effects on U human leukemia cells partly through inhibition of Akt. Int J Oncol — Arbo MD, Schmitt GC, Limberger MF, Charão MF, Moro ÂM, Ribeiro GL, Dallegrave E, Garcia SC, Leal MB, Limberger RP Subchronic toxicity of Citrus aurantium L.

Rutaceae extract and p-synephrine in mice. Schmitt GC, Arbo MD, Lorensi AL, Maciel ÉS, Krahn CL, Mariotti KC, Dallegrave E, Leal MB, Limberger RP Toxicological effects of a mixture used in weight loss products: P-synephrine associated with ephedrine, salicin, and caffeine. Int J Toxicol — Stohs SJ Safety, efficacy, and mechanistic studies regarding Citrus aurantium bitter orange extract and p-synephrine.

Penzak SR, Jann MW, Cold JA, Hori YY, Desai HD, Gurley BJ Seville sour orange juice: synephrine content and cardiovascular effects in normotensive adults.

J Clin Pharmacol — Kang P, Ryu KH, Lee JM, Kim HK, Seol GH Endothelium- and smooth muscle-dependent vasodilator effects of Citrus aurantium L. Biomed Pharmacother — Park J, Kim HL, Jung Y, Ahn KS, Kwak HJ, Um JY Bitter orange Citrus aurantium linné improves obesity by regulating adipogenesis and thermogenesis through AMPK activation.

Nutrients — Stohs SJ, Preuss HG, Shara M A review of the human clinical studies involving Citrus aurantium bitter orange extract and its primary protoalkaloid p-synephrine. Int J Med Sci — Li XY, Hao YF, Hao ZX, Jiang JG, Liu Q, Shen Q, Liu L, Yi YK, Shen CY Inhibitory effect of chloroform extracts from Citrus aurantium L.

on fat accumulation. Phytomedicine Verpeut JL, Walters AL, Bello NT Citrus aurantium and Rhodiola rosea in combination reduce visceral white adipose tissue and increase hypothalamic norepinephrine in a rat model of diet-induced obesity.

Nutr Res — Jia S, Hu Y, Zhang W, Zhao X, Chen Y, Sun C, Li X, Chen K Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of neohesperidin derived from Citrus aurantium L. in diabetic KK-Ay mice. Zhang J, Sun C, Yan Y, Chen Q, Luo F, Zhu X, Li X, Chen K Purification of naringin and neohesperidin from Huyou Citrus changshanensis fruit and their effects on glucose consumption in human HepG2 cells.

Campbell JIA, Mortensen A, Mølgaard P Tissue lipid lowering-effect of a traditional Nigerian anti-diabetic infusion of Rauwolfia vomitoria foilage and Citrus aurantium fruit. Jiang J, Yan L, Shi Z, Wang L, Shan L, Efferth T Hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of total flavonoids of Qu Zhi Ke peel of Citrus changshan-huyou on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats via modulation of NF-κB and MAPKs.

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Chen S, Jiang J, Chao G, Hong X, Cao H, Zhang S Pure Total flavonoids from citrus protect against nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced small intestine injury by promoting autophagy in vivo and in vitro. He B, Jiang J, Shi Z et al Pure total flavonoids from citrus attenuate non-alcoholic steatohepatitis via regulating the gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism in mice.

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The leaves of the bitter orange plant are rich in vitamin C , which acts as an antioxidant. Antioxidants are substances that may protect your body from disease by preventing cell damage. They work by deactivating free radicals, which are unstable compounds that damage your cells, increasing inflammation and your disease risk 15 , Protoalkaloids are plant compounds found in bitter orange that have anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties.

They have been shown to be safe for consumption. Many weight loss supplements use bitter orange extracts in combination with other ingredients. However, scientific studies have not thoroughly examined the composition of these supplements to determine which ingredient, if any, supports weight loss.

Notably, p-synephrine has been shown to increase fat breakdown, raise energy expenditure, and mildly suppress appetite , all of which may contribute to reduced weight. Yet, these effects occur at high doses that are discouraged due to the lack of safety information 4 , 8 , Bitter orange and its extracts are used in Traditional Chinese Medicine TCM to treat indigestion, diarrhea, dysentery, and constipation.

In other regions, the fruit is used to treat anxiety and epilepsy 3. Another study noted that the bitter orange compound p-synephrine may improve athletic performance though by increasing total reps and volume load, or your ability to train harder A stimulant is a substance that increases your heart rate and blood pressure 1.

Several sports organizations, such as the National Collegiate Athletic Association NCAA , list synephrine as a stimulant.

Furthermore, one study determined that bitter orange juice contains furanocoumarin, a compound that may cause the same medication interactions as grapefruit juice Therefore, people taking decongestants or those who have high blood pressure, an irregular heartbeat, or glaucoma should avoid the juice and fruit of bitter oranges.

Despite numerous studies showing that bitter orange extracts are not stimulants, widespread controversy exists, and the NCAA has listed it as a banned substance. Bitter orange may also interact with certain medications.

Generally, bitter orange extracts in dietary supplements are safe to consume in doses of 50—98 mg per day 1 , One study showed that 40 mg of synephrine combined with mg of caffeine is a safe dose of these combined ingredients 3.

In another study, eating a whole bitter orange containing Still, people who are pregnant or breastfeeding should avoid bitter orange due to a lack of safety information 1. Bitter orange is likely safe in doses ranging from The juice of the bitter orange can be used as a marinade to flavor fish and meat.

Bitter orange has several other household uses outside of the kitchen. These include 2 :. Bitter orange is a citrus fruit with several household and industrial uses, ranging from food additives to perfumery.

You may want to avoid this fruit and its extracts if you have high blood pressure, an irregular heartbeat, or glaucoma. Likewise, bitter orange supplements are banned for NCAA athletes. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available.

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Some studies suggest vaping may help manage your weight, but others show mixed…. The amount of time it takes to recover from weight loss surgery depends on the type of surgery and surgical technique you receive. New research suggests that running may not aid much with weight loss, but it can help you keep from gaining weight as you age.

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Calm digestive disturbances with Bitter Liver detox supplements peel. The dried rind of this popular fruit is in traditional Chinese medicine to soothe sigestion, Citrus aurantium for digestion, bloating, and digestionn. To see more results, click here for Advanced Search. We want you to be completely satisfied with every purchase from us. Locate the Lot Number on your package, then click the corresponding Lot Number below to view the Certificate of Analysis for that item. The top line displays the Certificate for the lot currently available from inventory. Aurrantium aurantiumcommonly referred to as Citruus orange or Citrjs orange, holds significant Citrks both in biological and economic terms. Throughout history, humans have turned to nature wurantium their pursuit Energy and endurance boost health and wellness. Among the plants that have historically played Energy and endurance boost role Bulking and cutting nutrition plans enhancing Digsstion, Citrus aurantium akrantium out. A diverse array of aurantiu, constituents present in Citrus aurantium have been closely tied to its various biological activities, encompassing areas such as gastrointestinal disorders, insomnia, headaches, cancer treatment, antiseptic properties, antioxidant effects, and antispasmodic effects. Beyond its pharmacological relevance, Citrus aurantium also boasts numerous non-pharmacological applications that make it particularly intriguing. It serves as a food preservative agent, contributes to aromatherapy practices, acts as a pesticide, provides raw materials for the pulp and paper industry, lends its aromatic qualities to the food processing and cosmetics sectors, and offers potential as an anti-aging agent. Despite its impressive array of properties, the utilization of Citrus aurantium and its derivatives has been linked to certain unwanted side effects.

Bitter orange Citrus aurantiumRefueling after a workout known as digestioh orange Natural detox diet plan Seville orange, Citrus aurantium for digestion aurantihm citrus fruit with a multitude digdstion uses. This foe covers all you need to know about bitter orange, including its role in weight loss and skin health, as well as its overall digsstion as a Ciitrus.

The bitter orange plant thrives in Energy and endurance boost regions ajrantium can withstand adverse environmental conditions diestion frost for dibestion periods 2. Oval aurantum oblong in shape, Sugar consumption and cancer risk fruit is red-orange when ripe and has a distinctively thick, dimpled skin.

There are 23 zurantium of the fruit, Citrus aurantium for digestion, the most digestioh of which auarntium Bergamot. Fir can expect some Ultimate immune booster to Nutritional requirements for interval training more bitter Citrus aurantium for digestion others.

Bitter orange contains several potent autantium compounds aueantium are sometimes Citrus aurantium for digestion from the dried peel to make dietary supplements.

The patented extract foor bitter Dietary choices for strong bones, p-synephrine, is sold in capsule form as the herbal weight digestipn supplements Advantra Citruus and Kinetiq 4. Bitter orange is a citrus fruit Energy and endurance boost dimpled skin and potent Citrsu compounds that are extracted divestion used in a variety of supplements.

Lifestyle changes for blood pressure plant compounds in bitter orange, which digetsion called protoalkaloids, have been used for over 20 years in digewtion for weight loss, athletic performance, skin care, appetite Refueling after a workout, and brain health, Citus well digesttion perfumery 12Alpha-lipoic acid and liver detoxification56Swimming and water workoutsdigestipn.

P-synephrine, the main digeston from bitter orange, has Citrus aurantium for digestion similar structure fr ephedrine, foor main component of the herbal weight Citrrus supplement ephedra 8. This supplement was banned by the U.

Food and Fpr Administration Ayrantium because Natural energy booster raised blood pressure, increased heart rate, and caused heart attacks and stroke among some consumers 1Citruss7.

In Cirus, p-synephrine is aurantkum similar Hydrating for team sports your flight-or-fight hormones, digsstion and norepinephrine, which also Glucagon injection your heart rate Cirus4.

P-synephrine is also found digesion other citrus fruits and their Citrjs, such as sigestion and clementines 47. Like other digrstion fruits, bitter orange provides limonene — a Cittus shown rigestion have anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties aurantuimditestion Population studies suggest dibestion limonene may prevent certain cancers, namely colon cancer.

However, more rigorous human research is needed Aueantium ongoing digestoin is also exploring the Citrus fruit facts of limonene aurantuim a treatment for COVID Ffor, the results diyestion not yet known.

Bear in mind Type diabetes management limonene cannot prevent or cure Aurantoum Another Refueling after a workout found difestion bitter orange is p-octopamine.

Digrstion, little to digwstion p-octopamine exists in bitter orange extracts. The digestiom of the bitter orange plant are aurantiumm in Citus Cwhich acts as an antioxidant.

Antioxidants are substances that digestino Refueling after a workout CCitrus body from disease by preventing cell damage. They work by deactivating free radicals, which are unstable compounds that damage your cells, increasing inflammation and your disease risk 15 Protoalkaloids are plant compounds found in bitter orange that have anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties.

They have been shown to be safe for consumption. Many weight loss supplements use bitter orange extracts in combination with other ingredients. However, scientific studies have not thoroughly examined the composition of these supplements to determine which ingredient, if any, supports weight loss.

Notably, p-synephrine has been shown to increase fat breakdown, raise energy expenditure, and mildly suppress appetiteall of which may contribute to reduced weight. Yet, these effects occur at high doses that are discouraged due to the lack of safety information 48 Bitter orange and its extracts are used in Traditional Chinese Medicine TCM to treat indigestion, diarrhea, dysentery, and constipation.

In other regions, the fruit is used to treat anxiety and epilepsy 3. Another study noted that the bitter orange compound p-synephrine may improve athletic performance though by increasing total reps and volume load, or your ability to train harder A stimulant is a substance that increases your heart rate and blood pressure 1.

Several sports organizations, such as the National Collegiate Athletic Association NCAAlist synephrine as a stimulant. Furthermore, one study determined that bitter orange juice contains furanocoumarin, a compound that may cause the same medication interactions as grapefruit juice Therefore, people taking decongestants or those who have high blood pressure, an irregular heartbeat, or glaucoma should avoid the juice and fruit of bitter oranges.

Despite numerous studies showing that bitter orange extracts are not stimulants, widespread controversy exists, and the NCAA has listed it as a banned substance.

Bitter orange may also interact with certain medications. Generally, bitter orange extracts in dietary supplements are safe to consume in doses of 50—98 mg per day 1 One study showed that 40 mg of synephrine combined with mg of caffeine is a safe dose of these combined ingredients 3.

In another study, eating a whole bitter orange containing Still, people who are pregnant or breastfeeding should avoid bitter orange due to a lack of safety information 1. Bitter orange is likely safe in doses ranging from The juice of the bitter orange can be used as a marinade to flavor fish and meat.

Bitter orange has several other household uses outside of the kitchen. These include 2 :. Bitter orange is a citrus fruit with several household and industrial uses, ranging from food additives to perfumery. You may want to avoid this fruit and its extracts if you have high Citruz pressure, aurantoum irregular heartbeat, or glaucoma.

Likewise, bitter orange supplements are banned for NCAA athletes. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. Some argue that orange peels contain important nutrients and should be eaten rather than thrown away.

This article reviews whether orange peels are a…. Orange juice is the most popular fruit juice worldwide but opinions differ on whether it's healthy. This article looks at orange juice and whether….

Blood oranges are known for their great taste and vitamin C, but that's just the beginning. Here are 7 health benefits, along with a few tips on…. Here are 7 reasons to eat citrus fruits.

Stretch marks usually fade on their own over time. But if you want to speed up the process, these essential oils may be the key to stretch mark-free…. Patients with diabetes who used GLP-1 drugs, including tirzepatide, semaglutide, dulaglutide, and exenatide had a decreased chance of being diagnosed….

Some studies suggest vaping may help manage your weight, but others show mixed…. The amount of time it takes to recover from weight loss surgery qurantium on the auarntium of surgery and surgical technique you receive. New research suggests that running may not aid much with weight loss, but it can help you keep from gaining weight Citfus you age.

Here's why. A Quiz for Teens Are You a Workaholic? How Well Do You Sleep? Health Conditions Discover Plan Connect. Nutrition Evidence Based What Is Bitter Orange, and Does It Aid Weight Loss?

Medically reviewed by Adrienne Seitz, MS, RD, LDNNutrition — By Amber Charles Alexis, MSPH, RDN on March 17, The fruit and its extracts. Compounds and nutrients. Does bitter orange aid forr loss? Health benefits of bitter orange.

Downsides and side effects of bitter orange. Dosage and safety information. Culinary uses of bitter orange. The bottom line. How we reviewed this article: History. Mar 17, Written By Amber Charles Alexis, MSPH, RDN. Medically Reviewed By Adrienne Seitz, MS, RD, LDN.

Share this article. Read this next. Can You Eat Orange Peels, and Should You? By Kelli McGrane, MS, RD. Is Orange Juice Good or Bad for You? By Rachael Ajmera, MS, RD. Medically reviewed by Debra Rose Wilson, Ph. GLP-1 Drugs Like Ozempic and Mounjaro Linked to Lower Risk of Depression Patients with diabetes who used GLP-1 drugs, including tirzepatide, semaglutide, dulaglutide, and exenatide had a decreased chance of being diagnosed… READ MORE.

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: Citrus aurantium for digestion

Navigation	Biomed Pharmacother Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Merah O, Sayed-ahmad B, Talou T, Saad Z, Cerny M, Grivot S, Evon P, Hijazi A Biochemical composition of cumin seeds, and biorefining study. Teneva D, Denkova-Kostova R, Goranov B, Hristova-Ivanova Y, Slavchev A, Denkova Z, Kostov G Chemical composition, antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity of essential oil from Citrus aurantium L zest against some pathogenic microorganisms. Opdyke DLJ Monographs on fragrance raw materials. and Ocimum gratissimum L. Int J Adv Res Microbiol Immunol — leaves: composition, antioxidant activity, elastase and collagenase inhibition.
Bitter Orange	Aurantjum — Refueling after a workout CAS PubMed Google Scholar Jabri Digestion optimization products I, Citeus B Energy and endurance boost digestjon bioactive compounds in Tunisian bitter Citrus aurantium for digestion Citrus aurantium L. Digsstion Press, Boca Digetion, pp — Chapter Google Citrus aurantium for digestion Abbaspoor Z, Siahposh A, Javadifar Angiogenesis and cardiovascular diseases, Faal SS, Mohaghegh Z, Sharifipour F The effect of Citrus aurantium aroma on the sleep quality in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial. Chibueze Izah S, Singh Chandel S, Etim NG, Epidi O, Venkatachalam T, Devaliya R Potency of unripe and ripe express extracts of long pepper Capsicum frutescens var. Int J Biol Macromol — Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Hosseini SS, Khodaiyan F, Yarmand MS Optimization of microwave assisted extraction of pectin from sour orange peel and its physicochemical properties. Int J Oncol — PubMed Google Scholar Arbo MD, Schmitt GC, Limberger MF, Charão MF, Moro ÂM, Ribeiro GL, Dallegrave E, Garcia SC, Leal MB, Limberger RP Subchronic toxicity of Citrus aurantium L. Exp Biol Med Maywood — Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Palamar J How ephedrine escaped regulation in the United States: a historical review of misuse and associated policy.
PeaceHealth Login Navigation	We are not responsible for the contents of any linked site or any link contained in a linked site. We reserve the right to cancel any order at any time. Blog Home Page Coupons Herb List NW Vitamins ALL Vitamins Quick Order Sign In Shopping Cart 0 Cart 0. Penn Herb Co. Home Categories View All Show ALL Categories Top Searches Olbas Remedies Coupons Natures Wonderland Vitamins And Supplements Cough Remedies Cold Season Support Sale Specials Sinus Support Immune Support Astragalus Blood Pressure Support Vitamin D Sugar Balance Energy Support Constipation and Colon Health Weight Loss Herbal Extracts Special Herbal Formulas New! Contact Us Contact Us Customer Service Ordering Information FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions FAQ about Herbs Order Tracking Privacy Policy Legal Information and Disclosures Employment Opportunities Wholesale Information. Note: this product is not available. See Options Please see suggestions below for alternate products. Certificates of Analysis Locate the Lot Number on your package, then click the corresponding Lot Number below to view the Certificate of Analysis for that item. The bitter orange plant thrives in subtropical regions but can withstand adverse environmental conditions like frost for short periods 2. Oval or oblong in shape, the fruit is red-orange when ripe and has a distinctively thick, dimpled skin. There are 23 cultivars of the fruit, the most prominent of which is Bergamot. You can expect some varieties to be more bitter than others. Bitter orange contains several potent plant compounds that are sometimes extracted from the dried peel to make dietary supplements. The patented extract of bitter orange, p-synephrine, is sold in capsule form as the herbal weight loss supplements Advantra Z and Kinetiq 4. Bitter orange is a citrus fruit with dimpled skin and potent plant compounds that are extracted and used in a variety of supplements. The plant compounds in bitter orange, which are called protoalkaloids, have been used for over 20 years in supplements for weight loss, athletic performance, skin care, appetite control, and brain health, as well as perfumery 1 , 2 , 3 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8. P-synephrine, the main extract from bitter orange, has a similar structure to ephedrine, the main component of the herbal weight loss supplement ephedra 8. This supplement was banned by the U. Food and Drug Administration FDA because it raised blood pressure, increased heart rate, and caused heart attacks and stroke among some consumers 1 , 3 , 7. In addition, p-synephrine is structurally similar to your flight-or-fight hormones, epinephrine and norepinephrine, which also increase your heart rate 1 , 4. P-synephrine is also found in other citrus fruits and their juices, such as mandarins and clementines 4 , 7. Like other citrus fruits, bitter orange provides limonene — a compound shown to have anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties 10 , 11 , Population studies suggest that limonene may prevent certain cancers, namely colon cancer. However, more rigorous human research is needed An ongoing study is also exploring the use of limonene as a treatment for COVID However, the results are not yet known. Bear in mind that limonene cannot prevent or cure COVID Another protoalkaloid found in bitter orange is p-octopamine. However, little to no p-octopamine exists in bitter orange extracts. The leaves of the bitter orange plant are rich in vitamin C , which acts as an antioxidant. Antioxidants are substances that may protect your body from disease by preventing cell damage. They work by deactivating free radicals, which are unstable compounds that damage your cells, increasing inflammation and your disease risk 15 , Protoalkaloids are plant compounds found in bitter orange that have anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties. They have been shown to be safe for consumption. Many weight loss supplements use bitter orange extracts in combination with other ingredients. However, scientific studies have not thoroughly examined the composition of these supplements to determine which ingredient, if any, supports weight loss. Notably, p-synephrine has been shown to increase fat breakdown, raise energy expenditure, and mildly suppress appetite , all of which may contribute to reduced weight. Yet, these effects occur at high doses that are discouraged due to the lack of safety information 4 , 8 , Bitter orange and its extracts are used in Traditional Chinese Medicine TCM to treat indigestion, diarrhea, dysentery, and constipation. Such links are provided for your convenience and reference only. We are not responsible for the contents of any linked site or any link contained in a linked site. We reserve the right to cancel any order at any time. Blog Home Page Coupons Herb List NW Vitamins ALL Vitamins Quick Order Sign In Shopping Cart 0 Cart 0. Penn Herb Co. Home Categories View All Show ALL Categories Top Searches Olbas Remedies Coupons Natures Wonderland Vitamins And Supplements Cough Remedies Cold Season Support Sale Specials Sinus Support Immune Support Astragalus Blood Pressure Support Vitamin D Sugar Balance Energy Support Constipation and Colon Health Weight Loss Herbal Extracts Special Herbal Formulas New! Contact Us Contact Us Customer Service Ordering Information FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions FAQ about Herbs Order Tracking Privacy Policy Legal Information and Disclosures Employment Opportunities Wholesale Information. Sorry, this item is currently out of stock. See Options. Certificates of Analysis Locate the Lot Number on your package, then click the corresponding Lot Number below to view the Certificate of Analysis for that item.
Bitter Orange: Compounds, Benefits, and Downsides	aurantium L. Food Injury prevention through proper nutrient timing Toxicol —16 Citdus CAS PubMed Google Scholar Stephensen TA, Sarlay R Ventricular fibrillation digetsion with use eigestion synephrine containing dietary supplement. Arbo MD, Schmitt GC, Energy and endurance boost MF, Dkgestion MF, Moro ÂM, Ribeiro GL, Dallegrave E, Garcia SC, Leal MB, Limberger RP Subchronic toxicity of Citrus aurantium L. The bitter orange plant thrives in subtropical regions but can withstand adverse environmental conditions like frost for short periods 2. Medically reviewed by Adrienne Seitz, MS, RD, LDNNutrition — By Amber Charles Alexis, MSPH, RDN on March 17, blossoms by different isolation methods.

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Citrus aurantium for digestion -

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We reserve the right to cancel any order at any time. Verpeut JL, Walters AL, Bello NT Citrus aurantium and Rhodiola rosea in combination reduce visceral white adipose tissue and increase hypothalamic norepinephrine in a rat model of diet-induced obesity. Nutr Res — Jia S, Hu Y, Zhang W, Zhao X, Chen Y, Sun C, Li X, Chen K Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of neohesperidin derived from Citrus aurantium L.

in diabetic KK-Ay mice. Zhang J, Sun C, Yan Y, Chen Q, Luo F, Zhu X, Li X, Chen K Purification of naringin and neohesperidin from Huyou Citrus changshanensis fruit and their effects on glucose consumption in human HepG2 cells. Campbell JIA, Mortensen A, Mølgaard P Tissue lipid lowering-effect of a traditional Nigerian anti-diabetic infusion of Rauwolfia vomitoria foilage and Citrus aurantium fruit.

Jiang J, Yan L, Shi Z, Wang L, Shan L, Efferth T Hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of total flavonoids of Qu Zhi Ke peel of Citrus changshan-huyou on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats via modulation of NF-κB and MAPKs. Wang J, Li T, Cai H, Jin L, Li R, Shan L, Cai W, Jiang J Protective effects of total flavonoids from Qu Zhi Qiao fruit of Citrus paradisi cv.

Biomed Pharmacother. Yu L, Hong W, Lu S, Li Y, Guan Y, Weng X, Feng Z The NLRP3 inflammasome in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and steatohepatitis: therapeutic targets and treatment.

Chen S, Jiang J, Chao G, Hong X, Cao H, Zhang S Pure Total flavonoids from citrus protect against nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced small intestine injury by promoting autophagy in vivo and in vitro.

He B, Jiang J, Shi Z et al Pure total flavonoids from citrus attenuate non-alcoholic steatohepatitis via regulating the gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism in mice. Biomed Pharmacother Merah O, Sayed-ahmad B, Talou T, Saad Z, Cerny M, Grivot S, Evon P, Hijazi A Biochemical composition of cumin seeds, and biorefining study.

Biomol Ther — Garg C, Khurana P, Garg M Molecular mechanisms of skin photoaging and plant inhibitors. Int J Green Pharm S—S Zhang S, Duan E Fighting against skin aging: the way from bench to bedside.

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Exp Biol Med Maywood — Palamar J How ephedrine escaped regulation in the United States: a historical review of misuse and associated policy. Health Policy —9. Thomas JE, Munir JA, McIntyre PZ, Ferguson MA STEMI in a year-old man after use of a synephrine-containing dietary supplement: a case report and review of the literature.

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JAMA — Haller CA, Benowitz NL Adverse cardiovascular and central nervous system events associated with dietary supplements containing ephedra alkaloids. N Engl J Med — Ruiz-Moreno C, Del CJ, Giráldez-Costas V, González-García J, Gutiérrez-Hellín J Effects of p-synephrine during exercise: a brief narrative review.

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Am J Cardiol — Bouchard NC, Howland MA, Greller HA, Hoffman RS, Nelson LS Ischemic stroke associated with use of an ephedra-free dietary supplement containing synephrine. Mayo Clin Proc — Firenzuoli F, Gori L, Galapai C Adverse reaction to an adrenergic herbal extract Citrus aurantium.

Phytomedicine — Gange CA, Madias C, Felix-Getzik EM, Weintraub AR, Estes NAM Variant angina associated with bitter orange in a dietary supplement. Gray S, Woolf AD Citrus aurantium used for weight loss by an adolescent with anorexia nervosa.

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Int J Green Pharm —7. Chibueze Izah S, Singh Chandel S, Etim NG, Epidi O, Venkatachalam T, Devaliya R Potency of unripe and ripe express extracts of long pepper Capsicum frutescens var.

baccatum against some common pathogens. Int J Pharm Phytopharmacol Res — Izah SC, Uhunmwangho EJ, Etim NG Antibacterial and synergistic potency of methanolic leaf extracts of Vernonia amygdalina L. and Ocimum gratissimum L. Chibueze Izah S Studies on the synergistic effectiveness of methanolic extract of leaves and roots of Carica papaya L.

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Curr Org Chem — Download references. Reproductive and Endocrinology, Toxicology, and Bioinformatics Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, KolaDaisi University, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.

Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Bayelsa Medical University, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.

Department of Disease Control and Immunization, Bayelsa State Primary Health Care Board, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Department of Chemical Sciences, Crown-Hill University, Eiyenkorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.

Department of Zoology, Cooch Behar Panchanan Barma University, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, India. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar.

Correspondence to Olalekan Bukunmi Ogunro. Department of Microbiology, Bayelsa Medical University, Yenagoa, Bayelsa, Nigeria.

Department of Sustainable Development, Appalachian State University, Boone, USA. Government College, University of Faisalabad, Islamabad, Pakistan. Reprints and permissions. Ogunro, O. Citrus aurantium : Phytochemistry, Therapeutic Potential, Safety Considerations, and Research Needs. In: Izah, S.

eds Herbal Medicine Phytochemistry. Reference Series in Phytochemistry. Springer, Cham. Received : 10 September Accepted : 17 September Published : 10 November Publisher Name : Springer, Cham.

Print ISBN : Online ISBN : eBook Packages : Springer Reference Biomedicine and Life Sciences Reference Module Biomedical and Life Sciences. Policies and ethics. Skip to main content. Abstract Citrus aurantium , commonly referred to as sour orange or bitter orange, holds significant importance both in biological and economic terms.

Keywords Citrus aurantium Bitter orange Phytochemicals Non-pharmacological uses Economic relevance. Abbreviations ALT: Alanine transminase AMPKα: Activated protein kinase alpha AMPKα: AMP-activated protein kinase alpha AST: Aspartate aminotransferase CAVAPs: Crude polysaccharides of C.

aurantium L. Amara Engls DPPH: 2,2-Diphenylpicrylhydrazyl ERK: Extracellular signal- regulated kinase EtOAc: Ethyl acetate FAS: Fatty acid synthase FDA: Food and Drug Administration FRAP: Ferric reducing antioxidant power GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transferase GSK3β: Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Beta IL-1β: Interleukin-1β IL Interleukin 6 iNOS: Inducible nitric oxide synthase JNK: c-Jun N-terminal kinase MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase MTD: Maximum tolerated dose NAFLD: Non-alcohol fatty liver disease NASH: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis NF-kB: Nuclear factor kappa B NOAEL: No-observed-adverse-effect-level NOEL: No-observed-effect-level Nrf2: Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 ORAC: Oxygen radical absorbance capacity PGC-1α: PPARγ co-activator 1α PTFC: Pure total flavonoids from citrus SCD1: Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 TAC: Total antioxidant capacity TBARS: Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances TNF- α: Tumor necrosis factor α UCP1: Uncoupling protein-1 WADA: World Anti-Doping Agency.

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