The consumption of SSBs has been reported as a risk factor in overweight and obesity in previous reviews 24 — Reducing SSB consumption among obese and overweight youth may help to curb childhood obesity On the contrary, some of the studies were not designed to evaluate whether SSB contributes to overweight and obesity 27 — 29 other than their role in contributing calories.

In their views, it was unclear whether SSB intake, as part of current diet, was associated with obesity, and, if so, whether this association was because SSB was a significant contributor to calories, or because of other reasons that may be related to SSB consumption [e.

This was in agreement with studies that were reported by Brunkwall L, Hu Fb, and Bremer AA 24 , 33 , In previous studies, the consumption of tea, milk-flavored beverages, and fruit and vegetable juice beverages was not associated with overweight and obesity 35 — Meanwhile, few studies mentioned the contribution of SSB categories to the sugar intake.

In our study, consumption of any type of SSB had a positive effect on SSB sugar intake in children and adolescents, suggesting that consumption of any type of SSB could cause an increasing SSB sugar intake.

In previous studies 40 , some scholars have also encouraged children to use plain water instead of SSB consumption, because higher SSB sugar intake might lead to excess calories in the diet, and SSB sugar intake itself was an adverse factor in reducing overall dietary quality.

At the same time, we also analyzed the risk of excessive SSB sugar intake caused by various beverages Table 5. According to the consumption of SSB drinks in Shandong province from to , the average daily SSB intake was There were Since the consumption of any type of SSB had a positive effect on SSB sugar intake and any type of SSB intake was a risk factor in excessive SSB sugar intake, we recommend reducing the consumption of all types of SSBs, especially those with a higher sugar content.

The main limitation of our study was the lack of data in dietary energy intake and physical activity among these children and adolescents.

We tried to verify their impact with pre-experiments and found that the impact was limited and did not affect the trend of the results.

We hope that future studies to be conducted will address this area. The datasets presented in this article are not readily available because the copyright of the dataset is currently owned by the Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention and The Second Hospital of Shandong University, and has not been fully disclosed yet.

LY and CZ: conceptualization. LY and HZ: formal analysis. LY, FZ, and JS: investigation. LY, HZ, and FZ: methodology. LY, YL, and XY: validation. LY: writing — original draft preparation. HZ and CZ: writing — review, and editing. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version.

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers.

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The data suggest that the change in body fatness that occurs with modifying intake of sugars results from an alteration in energy balance rather than a physiological or metabolic consequence of monosaccharides or disaccharides. Owing to the multifactorial causes of obesity, it is unsurprising that the effect of reducing intake is relatively small.

However, when considering the rapid weight gain that occurs after an increased intake of sugars, it seems reasonable to conclude that advice relating to sugars intake is a relevant component of a strategy to reduce the high risk of overweight and obesity in most countries.

Furthermore, the Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition SACN reviewed randomised control trials, which indicated that consumption of sugars-sweetened beverages, as compared with non-calorically sweetened beverages, results in weight gain and an increase in BMI in children and adolescents.

Prospective cohort studies also generally confirm the link between sugars-sweetened beverages and increased obesity. We currently consume far too much sugar in the UK diet. The recommendation for children is 24g for children aged and 19g for children aged Eat a lower calorie diet.

For most men, this means sticking to a calorie limit of no more than 1,kcal a day, and 1,kcal for most women. To maintain a healthy weight it is recommended that women consume around calories per day and men consume around calories.

It is important to reduce calorie intake from sugary, fatty foods and increase intake from vegetables and complex carbohydrate foods. Keep active. Adults aged 19 to 64 should be active daily and should be doing minutes of moderate aerobic activity every week.

To stay healthy or improve health, adults need to do 2 types of physical activity each week: aerobic and strength exercises. Join a counselling or support group. For more information on achieving a healthy balanced diet, click here. Honey Sugar Replacers Recommended intake Obesity Tooth decay Type 2 diabetes Fibre Sugar Availability How UK supermarkets drive high sugar sales Sugar Pollution.

Obesity Worldwide Obesity has tripled worldwide since in all divisions of society. References: [1] WHO. pdf [7] Diabetes. html [8] UK Government.