Preoperative visit aurqntium use of premedication Citrys popular methods to achieve this goal, but relife role of anxiolytic premedication remains unclear ahrantium postoperative side-effects may result from routine premedication. Citrus aurantium Ctrus used as an alternative medicine in some Supporting a healthy gut microbiome Potassium and detoxification treat Citeus, and recently the anxiolytic role of this medicinal plant was established aurrantium an animal model study.
The aim of etress study xurantium to Vegan comfort food the anxiolytic aurantihm of Citrus rwlief blossom on preoperative anxiety. METHODS: We studied 60 ASA I patients undergoing srress operation. In a flr Glycogen replenishment for basketball players design, two groups of 30 patients received one of the following Cihrus premedication two hours before induction Performance enhancing nutrition anesthesia: 1 Citrus aurantium fof distillate rrelief mL.
kg-1 C-group ; 2 Saline solution 1 mL. kg-1 as placebo P-group. Anxiety was aurangium before and after premedication using the Spielberger state-trait anxiety inventory STAI-state and the Amsterdam preoperative anxiety and information strezs APAIS before operation.
A visita shress pré-operatório e a utilização de pré-medicação são Citdus métodos mais populares para se atingir esse objetivo, mas o papel relie pré-medicação ansiolítica permanece incerto e os efeitos colaterais no pós-operatório Detoxification Support for Increased Productivity partir de sgress pré-medicação de rotina.
Citrus aurantium relef usado como Age-defying ingredients alternativa em Sports drinks for golf países para tratar a Lean muscle building routine. Recentemente, o fof ansiolítico Supporting a healthy gut microbiome aurantijm medicinal foi estabelecido em um estudo realizado em modelo animal.
O objetivo deste estudo aurantiun avaliar Circadian rhythm sleep deprivation efeito ansiolítico da flor de Citrus aurantium sobre Low-intensity tai chi exercises ansiedade Citrrus.
MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 60 pacientes ASA I aurantum a uma pequena cirurgia. Em um desenho randomizado e duplo-cego, dois grupos de 30 pacientes receberam telief das seguintes MPA oral duas horas antes da indução da anestesia: 1 Citrus aurantium destilado Citdus mL.
kg-1 Cirrus C ; Glycemic load and weight loss solução salina 1 sttress. kg-1 como placebo Grupo P.
Citruz ansiedade foi relkef antes e após pré-medicação com Citrua Inventário de Ansiedade Portable blood glucose monitor IDATE flr a Escala de Ansiedade e Informação Pré-Operatória de Amsterdam APAIS antes da operação.
CONCLUSÕES:Citrus aurantium pode mostrar-se eficaz Citrud redução da Carbohydrate loading for endurance pré-operatória em Cirrus de pequeno porte. La rellief en el preoperatorio y la utilización Citeus premedicación, son los métodos releif populares para alcanzar ese objetivo, pero el rol de la premedicación reliet permanece Citrus aurantium for stress relief incierto y relisf efectos colaterales en el postoperatorio pueden originarse de una premedicación Citruus rutina.
El Citrus aurantium es usado como medicina alternativa en algunos países para tratar la Citrks. Recientemente, el sttress ansiolítico de esa planta medicinal quedó establecido en un estudio relif en un modelo animal. El objetivo de este aurabtium, fue evaluar el Cotrus ansiolítico de la flor del Citrus aurantium sobre la ansiedad Citrud.
MÉTODOS: Fueron estudiados Sttess pacientes ASA Stress sometidos relisf una aurantiun operación. En un proyecto steess y doble ciego, dos Supporting a healthy gut microbiome de 30 pacientes recibieron una de las siguientes MPA oral dos Fat loss strategies antes de la inducción de la anestesia: 1 Flor del Felief aurantium destilado Supporting a healthy gut microbiome mL.
kg-1 Grupo C gelief 2 solución stdess 1 mL. La ansiedad Cirtus Citrus aurantium for stress relief antes y después de aurwntium premedicación con stres Inventario de Ansiedad Aursntium IDATE Intense pre-workout fuel, y la Escala aurwntium Ansiedad e Información Preoperatoria strews Ámsterdam APAIS antes de la operación.
Citrus aurantium for stress relief MD; Associate Professor Supporting a healthy gut microbiome Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Fpr, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, ICtrus. II MD; Assistant Rflief of Anesthesiology, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Stress relief through exercise University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
III PhD; Citurs of Pharmacology, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran. IV MA; Lecturer of Nursing, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
V MD; General Practitioner, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran. VI Pharmacy Student, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, International Branch, Shiraz, Iran.
kg -1 C-group ; 2 Saline solution 1 mL. kg -1 as placebo P-group. Keywords: Citrus ; Flowers; Preoperative Care; Anxiety; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures. There is no doubt that people awaiting surgery experience anxiety 1 This phenomenon is closely related to fear from a new unfamiliar environment, fear of surgery and death 2.
Related to this large number of preoperative anxious patients, preoperative anxiety could influence on the course and outcomes of surgical treatments 3.
The correlation between preoperative anxiety and some complications such as postoperative pain, postoperative intravenous sedation, or more anesthetic requirements have been established by some studies Maranets et al.
Reducing anxiety is very important before operation. Several methods have been suggested towards reducing or controlling this psychological problem related to operation. Pre-anesthesia assessment in an outpatient clinic as well as visit during hospitalization in the evening just before surgery may reduce preoperative anxiety 8.
Besides the advantages of preoperative visit and reassurance of the patient before surgery, premedication with anxiolytic and sedative drugs may reduce preoperative anxiety 9. On the other hand, the role of anxiolytic premedication remains unclear and postoperative side-effects may result from routine premedication Citrus aurantiumcommonly known as sour orange or bitter orange local name in Iran: Nareng is produced in Northern and Southern Iran.
Traditionally, Citrus aurantium is used as an alternative medicine in some countries to treat anxiety, insomnia and as an anticonvulsant, suggesting depressive action upon the central nervous system CNS In an anxiety model study, Citrus aurantium was able to enhance the sleeping time induced by barbiturates.
In animal model, this sedative effect was in accordance with traditional use of citrus aurantium In spite of traditional use of Citrus aurantium for reducing anxiety and its sedative effect in animal model 12we believe that preoperative anxiolytic effect of Citrus aurantium blossom has not been studied so far.
The present study was designed to assess the effect of Citrus aurantium blossom on preoperative anxiety in patients scheduled for elective minor surgery. Ethical approval for this study Ethical Committee No. Yousefi on February 9, Written informed consent was obtained from 60 consecutive outpatients, aged year, ASA physical status I scheduled for lower limb minor operation under general anesthesia.
Preoperative visit was done by an anesthetist the day before operation. Exclusion criteria were coexisting CNS diseases, malignancy, a variety of neuropsychological disorders, use of medications including drugs related to surgery, and any history of smoking or opium addiction, as well as any cardiovascular disease.
None of the patients had previous anesthesia and surgical experiences as well as any history of hospitalization. Routine sedative premedication was not offered to patients participating in this study, instead premedication with either Citrus aurantium blossom distillate CABd or placebo was assumed for two groups of study two hours before operation.
Patients enrolled in this study were assigned into two groups of 30 each; using a computer-base random allocation and double blind manner. Fresh petals and stamens of Citrus aurantium blossoms were collected from adult sour orange plants, existing in south Iran, at Medicinal Plants Research Center of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences.
Citrus aurantium blossom distillate CABd was obtained by steam distillation and then protected until pharmacological assays.
CABd was standardized based on measurement of linalool, total phenolic and flavonoid compounds as follows:. Linalool concentration was determined by a reversed phase HPLC method C18 column, Agilent, Germany An ultraviolet UV detector was used with wavelength of nm to obtain the chromatograph corresponding to linalool.
Mobile phase consisted of 0. Flow rate was 1. min -1 and injection volume was µL. A standard curve was drawn using the area under the curves resulted from different doses of linalool. The experiment was repeated for three times and the amount of linalool in the sample was determined using this standard curve.
The amount of total phenolic compounds in CABd was determined colorimetrically with the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, using the method described by Kim A solution of 5 mL CABd or Gallic acid standard phenolic compound was mixed with Folin Ciocalteu reagent diluted with distilled water and aqueous Na 2 CO 3 4 mL, 1 M.
The mixtures were allowed to stand for 15 min and the total phenols were determined by colorimetry at nm. A standard curve was prepared using 0, 50,and mg. Total phenol values were expressed in terms of Gallic acid equivalent mg.
g -1which is a common reference compound. The experiment was repeated for three times. The amount of total flavonoids in the CABd was determ ined using colorimetric method as described by Chang A solution of 0. Then the absorbance of the reaction mixture was measured at nm with a double beam spectrophotometer Unico UV, Japan.
The calibration curve was prepared using Rutin solutions at concentrations of 25 to ppm in methanol.
Total flavonoids were expressed in terms of Rutin equivalent mg. The retention time of linalool with the condition described in Methods section was 2. The amount of linalool in the sample was 10 ppm part per million.
Total phenolic contents of CABd were 33 ± 0. g -1 equivalent to Gallic acid and the total flavonoids in CABd were 29 ± 0. gr -1 equivalent to Rutin. The average amounts of total flavonoid and phenolic compounds were 29 ± 0.
g -1 Rutin and 33 ± 0. gr -1 Gallic acidrespectively. The linalool concentration in the sample was 10 ppm. Finally, the concentrations of total flavonoid, phenolic compound and linalool in CABd were 29 mg. mL -1 and 0.
mL -1respectively. Preoperatively, all patients were admitted to the same holding area near the operating room while waiting for outpatient surgery.
For all subjects the environment, the nursing staff and the anesthesiologist as well as the psychologist were the same in the holding area. As a baseline, preoperative anxiety was assessed using both State-Trait Anxiety Inventory STAI-state and Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale APAIS by an expert psychologist.
Heart rate HR and blood pressure BP were also obtained two hours before operation just before premedication in the holding area by a nurse anesthetist.
Then subjects of the two groups received oral CABd 1 mL. kg -1 as test C - group or Saline solution 1 mL. kg -1 as placebo P - grouprespectively; according to a computer based randomization just after collecting the baseline values.
: Citrus aurantium for stress relief| Journal of Medicinal and Chemical Sciences | Popularly, they are used in the control of emotions and mood, for their sedative, anxiolytic Lehrner et al. Some studies suggest that they act by modulating the central neurotransmission Komiya et al. A relation between the perception of odors and the emotional behavioral response has been suggested, showing neuroanatomical correlation orbitofrontal cortex, amygdala, pyriform cortex, and insular and anterior cingulate cortex between emotion and smell Pollatos et al. Clinical studies suggest that the exposure to the inhalation of various kinds of essential oils is effective in reducing psychological stress, anxiety state, as well as the levels of cortisol in hypertensive patients Hwang, The positive effects of essential oils on anxiety and depression symptoms have aroused interest, since they might be an alternative to synthetic substances which induce various side effects such as sedation, memory alterations and interaction with other drugs Gumnick and Nemeroff, Among the aromatic plants, Citrus aurantium L. Rutaceae is indicated in the popular medicine as an alternative in the treatment of anxiety, which suggests a possible central action Pultrini et al. The orange essential oil OEO showed a depressant activity on the central nervous system CNS after the intraperitoneal administration to mice Carvalho-Freitas and Costa, Such response might be attributed to a specific or synergetic effect of the many components present in the OEO, among which we should mention limonene and mircene, which have an attested action on the CNS Pultrini et al. Studies carried out with rats, evaluated in depression models, provide evidence that citrus essences act by strengthening the immune response as well as potentiating the anti-depressant effects of the imipramine Komori et al. In this sense, considering the relation between smell and emotions, and the strong effect of fragrances on emotional states Van Toller, , the present study aimed at assessing a possible anxiolytic effect on rats exposed to the inhalation of OEO, evaluated in experimental models of anxiety. In order to do so, we considered the following aspects: different behavioral parameters in the open-field, the number of entries in the open arms and the time spent in each arm of the elevated plus maze EPM , time of active social interaction TSI and the determination of the phytochemical profile of the essential oil. Were used months old male Wistar rats weighing g. The animal laboratory of the Department of Psychobiology - UNIFESP supplied the animals. The temperature was kept at 20 ± 2 °C, and water and food were provided ad libitum. All tests were carried out between and p. All procedures were conducted in accordance with the animal scientific procedures. The OEO was supplied from International Flavors and Fragrance IFF Ltda. It was obtained from the orange peel, C. Diazepam was acquired from Roche. The OEO was analyzed by gas chromatography. The quantification of the oil constituents was calculated from the GC with a flame ionization detector. CG analysis was carried out on an Agilet-HP gas chromatograph with a FID detector and a COV-1 capillary column 30 m x 0. Groups with 12 rats each were used. The animals were placed individually in acrylic boxes and treated as follows: different groups were exposed to the inhalation of OEO 1. All the procedures were carried out for 7 min. immediately before the tests, as described by Almeida et al. The open-field test was originally proposed as a measure of emotionality, with the animals being exposed to excessive light or noise. The rats were individually placed in the center of the open-field, which was circular, divided into 3 concentric circles subdivided by straight line segments into 19 equal parts measuring 80 cm of diameter and 30 cm of height. The lighting was equivalent to 3 light bulbs of 60 watts placed cm above the floor of the open-field. We recorded the behavioral parameters regarding locomotion in the center of the arena and its peripheral walls; frequency of rearing number of times the animals stood on their hind limbs , freezing total motionless time and the number of fecal boluses for 5 min. Candland and Campbell, In order to minimize the possible influence of circadian alterations, we observed the animals between and p. This procedure is based on the observation that animals tend to reduce or even suppress their interaction with other animals under conditions of new environments or excessive light. The device we used was the same as described above for the open-field behavioral test. Pairs of rats with up to 10 g difference in weight were placed in the center of the arena for us to quantify their activities of active social interaction: grooming, sniffing, biting or having a sexual behavior toward the other animal. We recorded the social interaction of the animals for 5 minutes between and p. as described by File and Hyde , irrespectively of the place in the arena where the animals were. The maze consists of two open arms and two closed arms by 30 cm high walls. Each arm measures 50 cm of length by 10 cm of width and contains a central square of 10 x 10 cm. The maze was 60 cm above the floor. We placed the animals in the maze and recorded the number of times they entered the open and closed arms, as well as how long they stayed there within 5 min. In order to evaluate their level of emotionality, we considered their number of entries in the open arms and the time they remained there: the higher the number, the lower their level of emotionality Pellow et al. Student's t test was used to analyze the behavioral parameters observed in the open-field, as well as the one-way ANOVA, followed by the Tukey's and the Duncan's tests, to analyze the data we obtained in the TSI and the EPM, respectively. The chromatographic analysis of the OEO showed a phytochemical profile that confirms the presence of the main classes of components characteristic of the species Citrus aurantium L. The animals previously exposed to the inhalation of OEO 2. The time of rearing or freezing were not changed Figure 2B. The time of active social interaction of the animals exposed to the inhalation of OEO 2. This time difference was even greater than that between the animals in the OEO and the animals in the standard group that received diazepam Figure 3. The data indicate that the numbers of entries into the open and closed arms in the EPM were not significantly changed by inhalation of OEO Fig. On the other hand, the OEO 2. Essential oils, especially those of citrus fragrances, are popularly used as therapies for their effects on mood states and depression Rovesti and Colombo, ; Agra et al. The results of our study suggest that the orange essential oil, at the concentration of 2. Such response might be correlated with the activation of the olfactory system by the volatile components present in the oil, which suggests a possible central action. We should highlight the fact that anxiolytic drugs lessen fear and inhibit the exploratory activity of animals Jones et al. Different studies point to a potential antidepressant effect in rats exposed to citrus fragrances Komori et al. Similar results were obtained with rats previously exposed to the inhalation of rose essential oil and submitted to the EPM, since it was observed an increase both in the number of times they entered the open arms and the time they remained there. The anxiolytic action was attributed to the presence of the components citronellol and 2-phenethyl alcohol Almeida et al. Considering that anxious rats do not socialize with one another, the results we obtained with the animals exposed to the inhalation of OEO 2. These results corroborate those obtained in the EPM. The decrease in the level of emotionality of the animals was also observed in the open-field evaluations, since they presented a decrease in the number of fecal droppings when compared with the animals in the control group. That response might be correlated with a low level of emotionality of the animals, since rats exposed to anxiogenic situations present a larger number of fecal droppings in the open-field Pal et al. On the other hand, the OEO did not affect the sensory-motor function of the animals. There were no alterations in their general activity and exploratory ability, as both the rearing and freezing times remained the same as those in the control group. Our data are in line with the effects observed in a clinical study carried out with women exposed to an orange-scented environment. The subjects showed a decrease in their levels of anxiety-state, a mood improvement and an increase in their levels of calmness, factors that were attributed to a possible behavioral and physiological effect Lehrner et al. The scents of orange and lavender have the property to alter emotional states and reduce anxiety Lehrner et al. In conclusion it has been shown that the exposure to the orange essential oil can actually contribute to the treatment of psychiatric disorders, as well as reduce psychological stress safely, without the typical adverse effects of conventional medications Perry and Perry, The authors are grateful to Associação Fundo de Incentivo à Psicofarmacologia AFIP for the financial support. Open menu Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia. About the journal Editorial Board Instructions to authors Contact. Português Español. Open menu. table of contents « previous current next ». Abstract Resumo English Resumo Portuguese. Text EN Text English. PDF Download PDF English. Essential oil; Citrus aurantium; Rutaceae; orange oil; anxiety; inhalation; plus-maze. ARTIGO Behavioral effects of essential oil of Citrus aurantium L. inhalation in rats Efeitos comportamentais em ratos após inalação do óleo essencial de Citrus aurantium L. Leite I I Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu , Ed. Ciências Biomédicas, São Paulo-SP, Brazil II Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Caixa Postal , João Pessoa-PB, Brazil ABSTRACT The orange essential oil OEO and its components obtained from Citrus aurantium L. RESUMO O óleo essencial de laranja OEL e seus constituintes obtidos da Citrus aurantium L. MATERIAL AND METHODS Animals Were used months old male Wistar rats weighing g. Chemicals The OEO was supplied from International Flavors and Fragrance IFF Ltda. Analysis of the essential oil The OEO was analyzed by gas chromatography. Treatment Groups with 12 rats each were used. Open-field behavioral test The open-field test was originally proposed as a measure of emotionality, with the animals being exposed to excessive light or noise. Social interaction test This procedure is based on the observation that animals tend to reduce or even suppress their interaction with other animals under conditions of new environments or excessive light. Elevated plus-maze test The maze consists of two open arms and two closed arms by 30 cm high walls. Statistical analysis Student's t test was used to analyze the behavioral parameters observed in the open-field, as well as the one-way ANOVA, followed by the Tukey's and the Duncan's tests, to analyze the data we obtained in the TSI and the EPM, respectively. RESULTS Identification of constituents of OEO The chromatographic analysis of the OEO showed a phytochemical profile that confirms the presence of the main classes of components characteristic of the species Citrus aurantium L. Agra MF, Silva KN, Basílio IJLD, França PF, Barbosa-Filho JM Survey of medicinal plants used in the region Northeast of Brazil. Rev Bras Farmacogn 18 : Almeida RN, Motta SC, Brito FC, Catallani B, Leite JR Anxiolytic like effects of rose oil inhalation on the elevated plus maze test in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav Barbosa-Filho JM, Cunha RM, Dias CS, Athayde-Filho PF, Silva MS, Cunha EVL, Machado MIL, Craveiro AA, Medeiros IA GC-MS Analysis and cardiovascular activity of the essential oil of Ocotea duckei. Candland DK, Campbell BA Development of fear in the rat as measured by behavior in the open-field. J Comp Physiol Psychol Carvalho-Freitas MIR, Costa M Anxiolytic and sedative effects of extracts and essential oil from Citrus aurantium L. Biol Pharm Bull 25 : De-Souza MM, Garbeloto M, Denez K, Eger-Mangrich I Avaliação dos efeitos centrais dos florais de Bach em camundongos através de modelos farmacológicos específicos. Rev Bras Farmacogn 16 : Ferronatto R, Marchesan ED, Pezenti E, Bednarski F, Onofre SB Atividade antimicrobiana de óleos essenciais produzidos por Baccharis dracunculifolia D. e Baccharis uncinella D. Overall, lavender oil has a calming effect of the body and is extremely useful in reducing stress. The oil that gives Earl Grey tea its signature fragrance, bergamot essential oil is widely used in aromatherapy. Sourced from the peel of a citrus fruit known as Citrus bergamia , this essential oil may help to lessen your stress. While research on the effects of bergamot essential oil is fairly limited, some studies show that the oil may help reduce stress and promote relaxation. A study published in Phytotherapy Research , for instance, found that exposure to the aroma of bergamot essential oil for 15 minutes improved participants' positive feelings in the waiting room of a mental health treatment center. Bergamot essential oil may also improve negative emotions and fatigue and lower saliva cortisol levels a hormone often called the body's "stress hormone" , according to a study. When using bergamot essential oil for stress relief, the oil should be combined with a carrier oil such as jojoba, sweet almond, or avocado before being applied sparingly to the skin or added to a bath. Bergamot can be irritating to the skin and cause dermatitis in some people. It can also make the skin more sensitive to sun exposure that can variably lead to redness, burn, blisters or skin darkening. You can also inhale the soothing scent by sprinkling a drop or two of the oil onto a cloth or tissue or using an aromatherapy diffuser. For natural relief of anxiety, some individuals turn to aromatherapy involving the use of lemongrass essential oil , an oil sourced from the lemongrass herb Cymbopogon citratus. Inhaling the scent of the oil or applying it to skin sparingly after combining it with a carrier oil is thought to promote relaxation and reduce anxiety symptoms. Although there's limited research on the effectiveness of lemongrass essential oil, a study published in the Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine in found that participants exposed to lemongrass essential oil had an immediate reduction in anxiety and tension and recovered quickly from an anxiety-inducing situation compared to those who inhaled a control aroma tea tree oil or a placebo. An aromatherapy remedy with a sweet and spicy aroma, neroli essential oil is sometimes used to ease anxiety. Proponents claim that breathing in the scent of this essential oil sourced from the flowers of the bitter orange tree can help promote calm and stop excessive worrying. Research on the effects of neroli citrus aurantium L. essential oil is fairly limited. In a study published in Hepato-gastroenterology , for instance, participants inhaled either neroli oil or a control sunflower oil before undergoing a colonoscopy. Inhalation of neroli is used as a sedative in some health centers outside the United States. A study showed improvement in menopausal symptoms in menopausal women and a decrease in PMS symptoms in university subjects with inhalation of neroli. A study using olfactory stimuli with lemon found that it improved concentration, mood, and memory in fourth-grade pupils. Lemon essential oil , sourced from the leaves of the lemon plant, have been found in preliminary studies in animals to have sedative and anxiety-reducing properties. Rich in linalool a compound found in lemons, oranges, basil, mangos, grapes, lavender, and other foods and flowers , practitioners of aromatherapy often use lemon essential oil to relieve stress, improve mood, promote sleep, and ease symptoms of depression. In the UK, personal aromatherapy inhaler devices have been used in a cancer center to promote relaxation and relieve nausea, with lemon essential oil being one of the most commonly used scents. A scent long used in aromatherapy, Japanese yuzu essential oil is sometimes touted as a natural solution for stress relief. It's thought that breathing in the citrus fragrance of this essential oil can suppress sympathetic nervous system activity responsible for the body's fight or flight response and, in turn, promote relaxation. Ten minutes of yuzu scent inhalation was found to decrease salivary chromogranin A an indicator of stress and sympathetic nervous system activity and negative emotional stress, according to a small study. In a study published in Complementary Therapies in Medicine , inhalation of yuzu essential oil decreased anxiety levels in mothers caring for sick children at a pediatric clinic. Need to unwind? Preliminary research suggests that breathing in the sweet aroma of orange essential oil may help alleviate your anxiety. A s tud y published in the Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine , for instance, found that participants who inhaled sweet orange essential oil did not have an increase in anxiety or tension during an anxiety-inducing situation, unlike those who inhaled a control aroma tea tree oil or a placebo. Another type of orange essential oil known as bitter orange Citrus aurantium was found to reduce anxiety during a simulated public speaking event, according to a study. More than million Americans have high blood pressure, a major risk factor for heart disease. Preliminary research also suggests that ylang ylang essential oil a substance long used in aromatherapy may be of some benefit to people with high blood pressure. For instance, a small study published in found that breathing in the scent of an aromatherapy blend containing ylang ylang essential oil led to a decrease in blood pressure and stress-hormone levels. While it's too soon to recommend ylang ylang essential oil for blood pressure control, incorporating aromatherapy with ylang ylang into your self-care routine might offer stress-reducing benefits that could enhance your overall health. Although ylang-ylang can be relaxing, don't use it before an exam. One study comparing ylang-ylang aroma with peppermint aroma found that while peppermint enhanced memory, ylang-ylang caused calmness but impaired memory and lengthened processing speed. An aromatherapy oil with a sweet, woody scent, frankincense essential oil is sometimes used to unwind and ease stress. Typically sourced from the resin of the boswellia tree, frankincense essential oil is also said to alleviate anxiety. So far, research on the stress-relieving effects of frankincense essential oil is very limited. While there's currently a lack of scientific support for the claim that frankincense can fight stress, it's possible that using this essential oil in combination with relaxing oils like lavender, rose , and orange drops of the oil onto a cloth or tissue could help you calm down. When using essential oils, make sure to combine the oil with a carrier oil such as jojoba, sweet almond, or avocado , before applying it to your skin or adding it to your bath. You can also use an aromatherapy diffuser or vaporizer, or sprinkle a few drops of the oil onto a cloth or tissue and then breathe in its aroma. Despite aromatherapy's long history of use, there is still a lack of large-scale clinical trials exploring the effects of aromatherapy on anxiety. While an essential oil combined with a carrier oil and massaged into your skin or added to a bath may help you unwind after a stressful day, consult your healthcare provider before using essential oils for any condition. While nearly everyone experiences stress every now and then, it's important to watch out for signs of an anxiety disorder. If you're experiencing symptoms like a near-constant presence of worry or tension, difficulty concentrating, and sleep disruption, or have other symptoms that concern you, be sure to talk to your healthcare provider. Chamine I, Oken BS. Aroma Effects on Physiologic and Cognitive Function Following Acute Stress: A Mechanism Investigation. J Altern Complement Med. Chen MC, Fang SH, Fang L. The effects of aromatherapy in relieving symptoms related to job stress among nurses. Int J Nurs Pract. Han X, Gibson J, Eggett DL, Parker TL. Bergamot Citrus bergamia Essential Oil Inhalation Improves Positive Feelings in the Waiting Room of a Mental Health Treatment Center: A Pilot Study. Phytother Res. Watanabe E, Kuchta K, Kimura M, Rauwald HW, Kamei T, Imanishi J. Essential Oil Aromatherapy on Mood States, Parasympathetic Nervous System Activity, and Salivary Cortisol Levels in 41 Healthy Females. Forsch Komplementmed. Goes TC, Ursulino FR, Almeida-Souza TH, Alves PB, Teixeira-Silva F. Effect of Lemongrass Aroma on Experimental Anxiety in Humans. Hu PH, Peng YC, Lin YT, Chang CS, Ou MC. Aromatherapy for Reducing Colonoscopy Related Procedural Anxiety and Physiological Parameters: A Randomized Controlled Study. Choi SY, Kang P, Lee HS, Seol GH. Effects of Inhalation of Essential Oil of Citrus aurantium L. amara on Menopausal Symptoms, Stress, and Estrogen in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. Dyer J, Cleary L, Ragsdale-Lowe M, McNeill S, Osland C. The use of aromasticks at a cancer centre: a retrospective audit. Complement Ther Clin Pract. |
| Shop By Brand | In animal model, this sedative effect was in accordance with traditional use of citrus aurantium In spite of traditional use of Citrus aurantium for reducing anxiety and its sedative effect in animal model 12 , we believe that preoperative anxiolytic effect of Citrus aurantium blossom has not been studied so far. The present study was designed to assess the effect of Citrus aurantium blossom on preoperative anxiety in patients scheduled for elective minor surgery. Ethical approval for this study Ethical Committee No. Yousefi on February 9, Written informed consent was obtained from 60 consecutive outpatients, aged year, ASA physical status I scheduled for lower limb minor operation under general anesthesia. Preoperative visit was done by an anesthetist the day before operation. Exclusion criteria were coexisting CNS diseases, malignancy, a variety of neuropsychological disorders, use of medications including drugs related to surgery, and any history of smoking or opium addiction, as well as any cardiovascular disease. None of the patients had previous anesthesia and surgical experiences as well as any history of hospitalization. Routine sedative premedication was not offered to patients participating in this study, instead premedication with either Citrus aurantium blossom distillate CABd or placebo was assumed for two groups of study two hours before operation. Patients enrolled in this study were assigned into two groups of 30 each; using a computer-base random allocation and double blind manner. Fresh petals and stamens of Citrus aurantium blossoms were collected from adult sour orange plants, existing in south Iran, at Medicinal Plants Research Center of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences. Citrus aurantium blossom distillate CABd was obtained by steam distillation and then protected until pharmacological assays. CABd was standardized based on measurement of linalool, total phenolic and flavonoid compounds as follows:. Linalool concentration was determined by a reversed phase HPLC method C18 column, Agilent, Germany An ultraviolet UV detector was used with wavelength of nm to obtain the chromatograph corresponding to linalool. Mobile phase consisted of 0. Flow rate was 1. min -1 and injection volume was µL. A standard curve was drawn using the area under the curves resulted from different doses of linalool. The experiment was repeated for three times and the amount of linalool in the sample was determined using this standard curve. The amount of total phenolic compounds in CABd was determined colorimetrically with the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, using the method described by Kim A solution of 5 mL CABd or Gallic acid standard phenolic compound was mixed with Folin Ciocalteu reagent diluted with distilled water and aqueous Na 2 CO 3 4 mL, 1 M. The mixtures were allowed to stand for 15 min and the total phenols were determined by colorimetry at nm. A standard curve was prepared using 0, 50, , , , and mg. Total phenol values were expressed in terms of Gallic acid equivalent mg. g -1 , which is a common reference compound. The experiment was repeated for three times. The amount of total flavonoids in the CABd was determ ined using colorimetric method as described by Chang A solution of 0. Then the absorbance of the reaction mixture was measured at nm with a double beam spectrophotometer Unico UV, Japan. The calibration curve was prepared using Rutin solutions at concentrations of 25 to ppm in methanol. Total flavonoids were expressed in terms of Rutin equivalent mg. The retention time of linalool with the condition described in Methods section was 2. The amount of linalool in the sample was 10 ppm part per million. Total phenolic contents of CABd were 33 ± 0. g -1 equivalent to Gallic acid and the total flavonoids in CABd were 29 ± 0. gr -1 equivalent to Rutin. The average amounts of total flavonoid and phenolic compounds were 29 ± 0. g -1 Rutin and 33 ± 0. gr -1 Gallic acid , respectively. The linalool concentration in the sample was 10 ppm. Finally, the concentrations of total flavonoid, phenolic compound and linalool in CABd were 29 mg. mL -1 and 0. mL -1 , respectively. Preoperatively, all patients were admitted to the same holding area near the operating room while waiting for outpatient surgery. For all subjects the environment, the nursing staff and the anesthesiologist as well as the psychologist were the same in the holding area. As a baseline, preoperative anxiety was assessed using both State-Trait Anxiety Inventory STAI-state and Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale APAIS by an expert psychologist. Heart rate HR and blood pressure BP were also obtained two hours before operation just before premedication in the holding area by a nurse anesthetist. Then subjects of the two groups received oral CABd 1 mL. kg -1 as test C - group or Saline solution 1 mL. kg -1 as placebo P - group , respectively; according to a computer based randomization just after collecting the baseline values. Two hours later right before inducing anesthesia anxiety was assessed using the same methods by other anesthesiologist and psychologist who were blinded to the groups and patients' baseline values. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory STAI is a item self report measure that contains 20 items measuring state anxiety and 20 items measuring trait anxiety 2. Total scores for state and trait sections separately range from 20 to 80 with higher scores denoting higher levels of anxiety. Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale APAIS consist of 6 questions and ranged from In this study, we used state component of STAI rage and sum C component of APAIS range to evaluate preoperative anxiety. Both heart rate HR and blood pressure BP , which have been widely used as dependent variables in behavioral studies to alter levels of anxiety and are frequently cited as physiological indices of stress in psychology, aviation medicine, and anesthesia 2 were obtained in two steps as baseline and just before induction of general anesthesia. Regarding the normal distribution of variables, the data between groups were analyzed using Chi-Square and independent t tests and the data within groups were analyzed using paired t test. Sixty patients were enrolled and completed the study. Chi-Square test demonstrated no significant difference among male and female distribution between groups. According to independent t test no significant differences were seen between groups in terms of age, baseline values of STAI-state, APAIS, and baseline hemodynamic values. Table I. Hemodynamic variables except pulse rate in group P , were not changed within the two groups after pre-medication when paired t test was used. Tables II and III. Preoperative anxiety is not only an unpleasant emotional state but may lead to significant psychological and physiological disorders The main finding of this study is that the anxiolytic effect of Citrus aurantium blossom distillate CABd when used orally was highly significant as measured by STAI-state and APAIS. Both STAI-state and APAIS were decreased by CABd. On the other hand, neither STAI-state nor APAIS was changed in the placebo group. We found no studies related to the effect of CABd on preoperative anxious situation or even anxiolytic effect of this herbal medicine in human in the literature review. Only a few studies reported that some similar components of citrus may reduce anxiety 17, Lehrner et al. Although the main components of the essential oil in their study, demonstrated by gas chromatography, was in part different from that obtained in our study, the essential similar component was limonene, a flavonoid compound, which could be addressed as anxiolytic component. The main component of CABd in our study was not similar to that of Carvalho and Costa They obtained d-limonene In their study, sleeping time induced by pentobarbital, anxiolytic activity, and anticonvulsant activity were evaluated in mice model. Chemical analysis of flowers of Sour orange has been previously reported by an investigation as flavonoids, which are its main constituents Flavonoids are complex chemical molecules that may act as ligands for benzodiazepine recept ors The notion that flavonoids may be agonists of benzodiazepine receptors, suggest that the flavonoid, which was extracted from the CABd in our study, might behave as an agonist of benzodiazepine receptors and reduce preoperative anxiety. The phenolic component threshold toxicity level has been confirmed between and mg. It's thought that breathing in the citrus fragrance of this essential oil can suppress sympathetic nervous system activity responsible for the body's fight or flight response and, in turn, promote relaxation. Ten minutes of yuzu scent inhalation was found to decrease salivary chromogranin A an indicator of stress and sympathetic nervous system activity and negative emotional stress, according to a small study. In a study published in Complementary Therapies in Medicine , inhalation of yuzu essential oil decreased anxiety levels in mothers caring for sick children at a pediatric clinic. Need to unwind? Preliminary research suggests that breathing in the sweet aroma of orange essential oil may help alleviate your anxiety. A s tud y published in the Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine , for instance, found that participants who inhaled sweet orange essential oil did not have an increase in anxiety or tension during an anxiety-inducing situation, unlike those who inhaled a control aroma tea tree oil or a placebo. Another type of orange essential oil known as bitter orange Citrus aurantium was found to reduce anxiety during a simulated public speaking event, according to a study. More than million Americans have high blood pressure, a major risk factor for heart disease. Preliminary research also suggests that ylang ylang essential oil a substance long used in aromatherapy may be of some benefit to people with high blood pressure. For instance, a small study published in found that breathing in the scent of an aromatherapy blend containing ylang ylang essential oil led to a decrease in blood pressure and stress-hormone levels. While it's too soon to recommend ylang ylang essential oil for blood pressure control, incorporating aromatherapy with ylang ylang into your self-care routine might offer stress-reducing benefits that could enhance your overall health. Although ylang-ylang can be relaxing, don't use it before an exam. One study comparing ylang-ylang aroma with peppermint aroma found that while peppermint enhanced memory, ylang-ylang caused calmness but impaired memory and lengthened processing speed. An aromatherapy oil with a sweet, woody scent, frankincense essential oil is sometimes used to unwind and ease stress. Typically sourced from the resin of the boswellia tree, frankincense essential oil is also said to alleviate anxiety. So far, research on the stress-relieving effects of frankincense essential oil is very limited. While there's currently a lack of scientific support for the claim that frankincense can fight stress, it's possible that using this essential oil in combination with relaxing oils like lavender, rose , and orange drops of the oil onto a cloth or tissue could help you calm down. When using essential oils, make sure to combine the oil with a carrier oil such as jojoba, sweet almond, or avocado , before applying it to your skin or adding it to your bath. You can also use an aromatherapy diffuser or vaporizer, or sprinkle a few drops of the oil onto a cloth or tissue and then breathe in its aroma. Despite aromatherapy's long history of use, there is still a lack of large-scale clinical trials exploring the effects of aromatherapy on anxiety. While an essential oil combined with a carrier oil and massaged into your skin or added to a bath may help you unwind after a stressful day, consult your healthcare provider before using essential oils for any condition. While nearly everyone experiences stress every now and then, it's important to watch out for signs of an anxiety disorder. If you're experiencing symptoms like a near-constant presence of worry or tension, difficulty concentrating, and sleep disruption, or have other symptoms that concern you, be sure to talk to your healthcare provider. Chamine I, Oken BS. Aroma Effects on Physiologic and Cognitive Function Following Acute Stress: A Mechanism Investigation. J Altern Complement Med. Chen MC, Fang SH, Fang L. The effects of aromatherapy in relieving symptoms related to job stress among nurses. Int J Nurs Pract. Han X, Gibson J, Eggett DL, Parker TL. Bergamot Citrus bergamia Essential Oil Inhalation Improves Positive Feelings in the Waiting Room of a Mental Health Treatment Center: A Pilot Study. Phytother Res. Watanabe E, Kuchta K, Kimura M, Rauwald HW, Kamei T, Imanishi J. Essential Oil Aromatherapy on Mood States, Parasympathetic Nervous System Activity, and Salivary Cortisol Levels in 41 Healthy Females. Forsch Komplementmed. Goes TC, Ursulino FR, Almeida-Souza TH, Alves PB, Teixeira-Silva F. Effect of Lemongrass Aroma on Experimental Anxiety in Humans. Hu PH, Peng YC, Lin YT, Chang CS, Ou MC. Aromatherapy for Reducing Colonoscopy Related Procedural Anxiety and Physiological Parameters: A Randomized Controlled Study. Choi SY, Kang P, Lee HS, Seol GH. Effects of Inhalation of Essential Oil of Citrus aurantium L. amara on Menopausal Symptoms, Stress, and Estrogen in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. Dyer J, Cleary L, Ragsdale-Lowe M, McNeill S, Osland C. The use of aromasticks at a cancer centre: a retrospective audit. Complement Ther Clin Pract. Matsumoto T, Asakura H, Hayashi T. The medicinal use of essential oils has been known since the early times Umezu et al. Popularly, they are used in the control of emotions and mood, for their sedative, anxiolytic Lehrner et al. Some studies suggest that they act by modulating the central neurotransmission Komiya et al. A relation between the perception of odors and the emotional behavioral response has been suggested, showing neuroanatomical correlation orbitofrontal cortex, amygdala, pyriform cortex, and insular and anterior cingulate cortex between emotion and smell Pollatos et al. Clinical studies suggest that the exposure to the inhalation of various kinds of essential oils is effective in reducing psychological stress, anxiety state, as well as the levels of cortisol in hypertensive patients Hwang, The positive effects of essential oils on anxiety and depression symptoms have aroused interest, since they might be an alternative to synthetic substances which induce various side effects such as sedation, memory alterations and interaction with other drugs Gumnick and Nemeroff, Among the aromatic plants, Citrus aurantium L. Rutaceae is indicated in the popular medicine as an alternative in the treatment of anxiety, which suggests a possible central action Pultrini et al. The orange essential oil OEO showed a depressant activity on the central nervous system CNS after the intraperitoneal administration to mice Carvalho-Freitas and Costa, Such response might be attributed to a specific or synergetic effect of the many components present in the OEO, among which we should mention limonene and mircene, which have an attested action on the CNS Pultrini et al. Studies carried out with rats, evaluated in depression models, provide evidence that citrus essences act by strengthening the immune response as well as potentiating the anti-depressant effects of the imipramine Komori et al. In this sense, considering the relation between smell and emotions, and the strong effect of fragrances on emotional states Van Toller, , the present study aimed at assessing a possible anxiolytic effect on rats exposed to the inhalation of OEO, evaluated in experimental models of anxiety. In order to do so, we considered the following aspects: different behavioral parameters in the open-field, the number of entries in the open arms and the time spent in each arm of the elevated plus maze EPM , time of active social interaction TSI and the determination of the phytochemical profile of the essential oil. Were used months old male Wistar rats weighing g. The animal laboratory of the Department of Psychobiology - UNIFESP supplied the animals. The temperature was kept at 20 ± 2 °C, and water and food were provided ad libitum. All tests were carried out between and p. All procedures were conducted in accordance with the animal scientific procedures. The OEO was supplied from International Flavors and Fragrance IFF Ltda. It was obtained from the orange peel, C. Diazepam was acquired from Roche. The OEO was analyzed by gas chromatography. The quantification of the oil constituents was calculated from the GC with a flame ionization detector. CG analysis was carried out on an Agilet-HP gas chromatograph with a FID detector and a COV-1 capillary column 30 m x 0. Groups with 12 rats each were used. The animals were placed individually in acrylic boxes and treated as follows: different groups were exposed to the inhalation of OEO 1. All the procedures were carried out for 7 min. immediately before the tests, as described by Almeida et al. The open-field test was originally proposed as a measure of emotionality, with the animals being exposed to excessive light or noise. The rats were individually placed in the center of the open-field, which was circular, divided into 3 concentric circles subdivided by straight line segments into 19 equal parts measuring 80 cm of diameter and 30 cm of height. The lighting was equivalent to 3 light bulbs of 60 watts placed cm above the floor of the open-field. We recorded the behavioral parameters regarding locomotion in the center of the arena and its peripheral walls; frequency of rearing number of times the animals stood on their hind limbs , freezing total motionless time and the number of fecal boluses for 5 min. Candland and Campbell, In order to minimize the possible influence of circadian alterations, we observed the animals between and p. This procedure is based on the observation that animals tend to reduce or even suppress their interaction with other animals under conditions of new environments or excessive light. The device we used was the same as described above for the open-field behavioral test. Pairs of rats with up to 10 g difference in weight were placed in the center of the arena for us to quantify their activities of active social interaction: grooming, sniffing, biting or having a sexual behavior toward the other animal. We recorded the social interaction of the animals for 5 minutes between and p. as described by File and Hyde , irrespectively of the place in the arena where the animals were. The maze consists of two open arms and two closed arms by 30 cm high walls. Each arm measures 50 cm of length by 10 cm of width and contains a central square of 10 x 10 cm. The maze was 60 cm above the floor. We placed the animals in the maze and recorded the number of times they entered the open and closed arms, as well as how long they stayed there within 5 min. In order to evaluate their level of emotionality, we considered their number of entries in the open arms and the time they remained there: the higher the number, the lower their level of emotionality Pellow et al. Student's t test was used to analyze the behavioral parameters observed in the open-field, as well as the one-way ANOVA, followed by the Tukey's and the Duncan's tests, to analyze the data we obtained in the TSI and the EPM, respectively. The chromatographic analysis of the OEO showed a phytochemical profile that confirms the presence of the main classes of components characteristic of the species Citrus aurantium L. The animals previously exposed to the inhalation of OEO 2. The time of rearing or freezing were not changed Figure 2B. The time of active social interaction of the animals exposed to the inhalation of OEO 2. This time difference was even greater than that between the animals in the OEO and the animals in the standard group that received diazepam Figure 3. The data indicate that the numbers of entries into the open and closed arms in the EPM were not significantly changed by inhalation of OEO Fig. On the other hand, the OEO 2. Essential oils, especially those of citrus fragrances, are popularly used as therapies for their effects on mood states and depression Rovesti and Colombo, ; Agra et al. The results of our study suggest that the orange essential oil, at the concentration of 2. Such response might be correlated with the activation of the olfactory system by the volatile components present in the oil, which suggests a possible central action. We should highlight the fact that anxiolytic drugs lessen fear and inhibit the exploratory activity of animals Jones et al. Different studies point to a potential antidepressant effect in rats exposed to citrus fragrances Komori et al. Similar results were obtained with rats previously exposed to the inhalation of rose essential oil and submitted to the EPM, since it was observed an increase both in the number of times they entered the open arms and the time they remained there. The anxiolytic action was attributed to the presence of the components citronellol and 2-phenethyl alcohol Almeida et al. Considering that anxious rats do not socialize with one another, the results we obtained with the animals exposed to the inhalation of OEO 2. These results corroborate those obtained in the EPM. The decrease in the level of emotionality of the animals was also observed in the open-field evaluations, since they presented a decrease in the number of fecal droppings when compared with the animals in the control group. That response might be correlated with a low level of emotionality of the animals, since rats exposed to anxiogenic situations present a larger number of fecal droppings in the open-field Pal et al. On the other hand, the OEO did not affect the sensory-motor function of the animals. There were no alterations in their general activity and exploratory ability, as both the rearing and freezing times remained the same as those in the control group. Our data are in line with the effects observed in a clinical study carried out with women exposed to an orange-scented environment. The subjects showed a decrease in their levels of anxiety-state, a mood improvement and an increase in their levels of calmness, factors that were attributed to a possible behavioral and physiological effect Lehrner et al. The scents of orange and lavender have the property to alter emotional states and reduce anxiety Lehrner et al. In conclusion it has been shown that the exposure to the orange essential oil can actually contribute to the treatment of psychiatric disorders, as well as reduce psychological stress safely, without the typical adverse effects of conventional medications Perry and Perry, The authors are grateful to Associação Fundo de Incentivo à Psicofarmacologia AFIP for the financial support. Open menu Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia. About the journal Editorial Board Instructions to authors Contact. Português Español. Open menu. |
| Bitter Orange: Compounds, Benefits, and Downsides | Lemon essential oil is a natural home remedy. Accept All Reject All Show Purposes. Additionally, increased cell death was seen in the lung cancer cell line. Methods This research has passed the ethical proper test at the Health Research Ethics Committee State Polytechnic of Health Malang no. In this study, we used state component of STAI rage and sum C component of APAIS range to evaluate preoperative anxiety. More than million Americans have high blood pressure, a major risk factor for heart disease. About Us Our Company Rae Dunphy Our Mission. |
| در ﺣﺎل اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﯾﺖ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﯿﺪ... | The effects of aromatherapy in relieving symptoms related to job stress among nurses. A little goes a long way - what a marvelous scent! Carvalho-Freitas MI, Costa M - Anxiolytic and sedative effects of extracts and essential oil from Citrus aurantium L. This article covers all you need to know about bitter orange, including its role in weight loss and skin health, as well as its overall safety as a supplement. Estudo da interferência de óleos essenciais sobre a atividade de alguns antibióticos usados na clínica. This alternative treatment is made from volatile plant materials, first known as essential oils. If you buy through links on this page, we may earn a small commission. |
| Transferring to the website... | For health reasons, chamomile is used to treat anxiety disorders [ 24 ]. Using both chamomile and lavender in aromatherapy at the same time can help with depression and anxiety [ 25 ]. On the other hand, Julianto demonstrated that citrus aromatherapy has a significant effect on people who are about to have major surgery at Palembang Muhammadiyah Hospital, with a p-value of 0. Figure 2: Irritation test Kligman's method. Tests show that aromatherapy massage oil containing lavender, chamomile, and petitgrain essential oils has excellent organoleptic, pH, and viscosity stability. The authors would like to thank the respondents who are willing to help with this research. This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. All authors contributed to data analysis, drafting, and revising of the paper and agreed to be responsible for all the aspects of this work. Formulation of Aromatherapy Massage Oil from Lavender Lavandula Angustifolia , Chamomile Matricaria Recutita , and Petitgrain Citrus Aurantium for Stress Relief. Journal of Medicinal and Chemical Sciences , 6 12 , doi: Journal of Medicinal and Chemical Sciences , 6, 12, , Journal of Medicinal and Chemical Sciences , ; 6 12 : Home Formulation of Aromatherapy Massage Oil from Lavender Lavandula Angustifolia , Chamomile Matricaria Recutita , and Petitgrain Citrus Aurantium for Stress Relief. A-Z Journals. Browse By Subject Current Issue By Issue By Author Author Index Keyword Index. Journal Info About Journal Aims and Scope Publication Ethics Indexing and Abstracting Peer Review Process Related Links Reviewers FAQ News. Editorial Board. Guide for Authors. Submit Manuscript. Contact Us. Full Text. Introduction Stress is a non-specific physical and psychological body response to a burden imposed on an individual [ 1 ]. Materials and Methods Materials Virgin coconut oil VCO , lavender essential oil, chamomile essential oil, and petitgrain essential oil were obtained from PT Darjeeling Sembrani Aroma, Bandung, Indonesia. Methods This research has passed the ethical proper test at the Health Research Ethics Committee State Polytechnic of Health Malang no. Formulation of aromatherapy massage oil The formulation of massage aromatherapy oil was based on empirical use [ 8 ], and is presented in Table 1. Characteristics test A characteristic test involves observing the organoleptic properties, pH, and viscosity. The viscosity testing was done using an Ostwald viscometer, and then calculated using this formula: Stability test The stability test was done by observing organoleptics, pH, and viscosity on days 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, and Hedonic test The hedonic test is a way to judge how aromatherapy massage oil looks based on its smell, color, texture, and how comfortable it is to use. Irritation test The irritation testing procedure was carried out by taking 0. Results and Discussion After formulation and evaluation of aromatherapy massage oil, the following results were obtained: Characteristics test Organoleptic observation with color parameters showed a greenish-blue result, as displayed in Figure 1. Figure 1: The formulas appearance Table 1: The formulas of aromatherapy massage oil Table 2: Characteristic test of the formulas All the formulas were clear and in the form of homogeneous liquids due to the good solubility of the essential oils and the carrier oil, virgin coconut oil VCO. Stability test Organoleptic testing was done by looking at the color, smell, and shape of the formulas after they had been kept at room temperature for 4 weeks. Hedonic test The data obtained from 30 respondents was analyzed using SPSS. The Use of Aromatherapy Massage oil as a Relaxation Media The use two or more essential oils together for relaxation is better than using just one. Table 3: The pH test of the formulas Table 4: Viscosity test of the formulas Table 5: Hedonic Test results Figure 2: Irritation test Kligman's method Conclusion Tests show that aromatherapy massage oil containing lavender, chamomile, and petitgrain essential oils has excellent organoleptic, pH, and viscosity stability. Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the respondents who are willing to help with this research. Disclosure Statement No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors. Funding This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. Authors' Contributions All authors contributed to data analysis, drafting, and revising of the paper and agreed to be responsible for all the aspects of this work. Sary Y. Saam Z. Yaribeygi H. The impact of stress on body function: A review, EXCLI Journal. Flanforistina S. Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Tingkatan Stres Pada Tenaga Kesehatan, Jurnal. Ashari A. Hubungan Antara Stres, Kecemasan, Depresi Dengan Kecenderungan Aggressive Driving Pada Mahasiswa, Empati. Nurcahyo H. Formulasi Minyak Atsiri Daun Jeruk Purut Citrus hystrix D. sebagai sediaan aromaterapi, PSEJ Pancasakti Science Education Journal. Hongratanaworakit T. Development of aroma massage oil for relieving muscle pain and satisfaction evaluation in humans, Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science. Clare M-H. Fatmawati A. ormulasi dan Evaluasi Sediaan Roll On Aromaterapi Blended Peppermint, Lavender dan Lemon sebagai Antiemetika, Indonesian Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Journal. Rusdianto A. Aromatherapy Oil Massage Formulation From Essential Oil: Tuberose Flower Polianthes tuberosa and Lime Oil Citrus aurantifolia , International Journal on Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources. Lilyawati S. Proceeding of Mulawarman Pharmaceuticals Conferences, Proceeding of Mulawarman Pharmaceuticals Conferences. Anggraieni W. Pengaruh terapi dzikir untuk menurunkan stress pada penderita hiprtensi esensial, Jurnal Intervensi Psikologi. A study on mice looked at the inhalation of orange essential oils and its potential effect on depression. The researchers found that the mice who inhaled the orange essential oil displayed fewer depression-like behaviors. Orange essential oil appears to be effective at reducing levels of stress and anxiety. It may also be beneficial for depression, although more research is needed. A study involving people with bone fractures looked at whether inhaling orange essential oil could help with pain. Compared to a control group, people inhaling orange oil reported less pain. In , researchers assessed if a blend of ginger and orange essential oil could help with knee pain when applied to the skin. Some small studies have indicated that using orange essential oil topically or for aromatherapy may help with short-term pain. Limonene , a component of orange essential oil, has been investigated as a potential cancer treatment. A study from found that orange oil rich in limonene both inhibited the growth and promoted the death of colon cancer cells in culture. A study found that orange essential oil inhibited the growth of lung and prostate cancer cell lines in culture. Additionally, increased cell death was seen in the lung cancer cell line. Orange essential oil was also observed to have antioxidant activity. Studies have indicated that orange essential oil or its components can inhibit the growth and lead to cell death in some cultured cancer cell lines. Because these studies were done in a test tube and not in the human body, additional research is needed to learn more about these properties. A small study evaluated the effect of inhaled orange flower essential oil on exercise in student athletes. The researchers found that people who inhaled the oil had a significant decrease in running times as well as an increase in lung function. A study on rats evaluated if orange essential oil could promote weight loss. They found that obese rats that were fed capsules of orange essential oil showed a reduction in weight gain as well as lowered cholesterol. A study looked at the effect that orange essential oil had on housefly larvae and pupae. It was found to have insecticidal properties by both contact and fumigation. Diffusion can help you do that. A diffuser allows an essential oil to evaporate, typically using heat. As evaporation occurs, the scent of the essential oil spreads throughout the room. There are many types of diffusers you can buy, either online or at specialty stores that sell aromatherapy products. Each type of diffuser will have its own specific set of instructions. Be sure to carefully follow all product instructions when using your diffuser. Do you want another way to add an orange scent to a space? You can make an orange oil spray by following these steps:. Are you looking to relieve pain or inflammation? Consider making your own massage oil infused with orange essential oil. The NAHA suggests using 20 drops of essential oil per ounce of carrier oil to make a massage oil with a 3 percent solution. Any essential oil has the potential to cause a skin reaction when applied topically. Avoid using old or oxidized orange essential oil, which can cause dermal sensitization. Some citrus essential oils are phototoxic. This means they can cause a painful skin reaction if you use them on your skin and then go out in the sun. Orange essential oil has a low risk of phototoxicity , but you should still exercise caution if you plan on going outside after using it on your skin. Orange essential oil can be purchased either online or at a store that sells natural products. Follow the tips below to ensure you purchase good quality orange essential oil. Orange essential oil can be used for a variety of applications that range from lifting mood and reducing stress to adding a fresh, citrusy aroma to a room. Research has shown that orange essential oil may have several benefits. Some examples include antimicrobial activity, pain relief, and anticancer properties. Always be sure to use essential oils safely. History: The bitter orange tree, from which Neroli Blossom Org EO is derived, has a long history of use in traditional medicine and perfume making. It is believed to have originated in Southeast Asia and was brought to Europe by Arab traders in the 10th century. A little goes a long way - what a marvelous scent! Toggle menu 1. Gift Certificate Login or Sign Up 0. About Us Our Company Rae Dunphy Our Mission. NEROLI BLOSSOM Citrus aurantium MSRP:. You save. Size: Optional None 2 ml. Current Stock:. Quantity: Decrease Quantity: Increase Quantity:. 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Facebook Email Print Twitter Pinterest. Product Description Product Name: Neroli Blossom Org EO Latin Name: Citrus aurantium var. Product Videos.
Custom Field. Product Reviews Write a Review Write a Review ×. Amazing scent. Recommended Quick view Details. Choose Options. Quick view Details. Join Our Mailing List for special offers! Chemicals The OEO was supplied from International Flavors and Fragrance IFF Ltda. Analysis of the essential oil The OEO was analyzed by gas chromatography.
Treatment Groups with 12 rats each were used. Open-field behavioral test The open-field test was originally proposed as a measure of emotionality, with the animals being exposed to excessive light or noise.
Social interaction test This procedure is based on the observation that animals tend to reduce or even suppress their interaction with other animals under conditions of new environments or excessive light. Elevated plus-maze test The maze consists of two open arms and two closed arms by 30 cm high walls.
Statistical analysis Student's t test was used to analyze the behavioral parameters observed in the open-field, as well as the one-way ANOVA, followed by the Tukey's and the Duncan's tests, to analyze the data we obtained in the TSI and the EPM, respectively.
RESULTS Identification of constituents of OEO The chromatographic analysis of the OEO showed a phytochemical profile that confirms the presence of the main classes of components characteristic of the species Citrus aurantium L.
Agra MF, Silva KN, Basílio IJLD, França PF, Barbosa-Filho JM Survey of medicinal plants used in the region Northeast of Brazil. Rev Bras Farmacogn 18 : Almeida RN, Motta SC, Brito FC, Catallani B, Leite JR Anxiolytic like effects of rose oil inhalation on the elevated plus maze test in rats.
Pharmacol Biochem Behav Barbosa-Filho JM, Cunha RM, Dias CS, Athayde-Filho PF, Silva MS, Cunha EVL, Machado MIL, Craveiro AA, Medeiros IA GC-MS Analysis and cardiovascular activity of the essential oil of Ocotea duckei.
Candland DK, Campbell BA Development of fear in the rat as measured by behavior in the open-field. J Comp Physiol Psychol Carvalho-Freitas MIR, Costa M Anxiolytic and sedative effects of extracts and essential oil from Citrus aurantium L.
Biol Pharm Bull 25 : De-Souza MM, Garbeloto M, Denez K, Eger-Mangrich I Avaliação dos efeitos centrais dos florais de Bach em camundongos através de modelos farmacológicos específicos.
Rev Bras Farmacogn 16 : Ferronatto R, Marchesan ED, Pezenti E, Bednarski F, Onofre SB Atividade antimicrobiana de óleos essenciais produzidos por Baccharis dracunculifolia D. e Baccharis uncinella D. Rev Bras Farmacogn 17 : File SE, Hyde JR Can social interaction be used to measure anxiety?
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Leite Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Psicobiologia , São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Universidade Federal de São Paulo Brazil São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Psicobiologia , São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Jaime Fassin Jr. Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Psicobiologia , São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Universidade Federal de São Paulo Brazil São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Psicobiologia , São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Eliane M. Baziloni Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Psicobiologia , São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Universidade Federal de São Paulo Brazil São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Psicobiologia , São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Reinaldo N. Almeida Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica , João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil Universidade Federal da Paraíba Brazil João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica , João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
Rita Mattei Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Psicobiologia , São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Universidade Federal de São Paulo Brazil São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Psicobiologia , São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica , João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil Universidade Federal da Paraíba Brazil João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica , João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
Figures 6. Sociedade Brasileira de Farmacognosia Universidade Federal do Paraná, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Rua Pref. Lothario Meissner, - Jd.
Bitter orange Sress aurantiumalso known as Probiotics for lactose intolerance orange and Seville orange, is a citrus fruit Glycogen replenishment for basketball players airantium multitude of uses. This article covers all you need to know about bitter orange, including its role in weight loss and aaurantium health, auratium Supporting a healthy gut microbiome as its overall safety as a supplement. The bitter orange plant thrives in subtropical regions but can withstand adverse environmental conditions like frost for short periods 2. Oval or oblong in shape, the fruit is red-orange when ripe and has a distinctively thick, dimpled skin. There are 23 cultivars of the fruit, the most prominent of which is Bergamot. You can expect some varieties to be more bitter than others. Bitter orange contains several potent plant compounds that are sometimes extracted from the dried peel to make dietary supplements.
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