Grace SM, Rich J, Chin W, Rodriguez HP. Fidelity of implementation to a care team redesign and improved outcomes of diabetes care. International Journal for Quality in Health Care ;27 1 Greenhalgh T, Campbell-Richards D, Vijayaraghavan S, Collard A, Malik F, et al. New models of self-management education for minority ethnic groups: pilot randomized trial of a story-sharing intervention.

Hargraves JL, Ferguson WJ, Lemay CA, Pernice J. Community health workers assisting patients with diabetes in self-management. Journal of Ambulatory Care Management ;35 1 Heath GW, Leonard BE, Wilson RH, Kendrick JS, Powell KE.

Community-based exercise intervention: Zuni diabetes project. Diabetes Care ;10 5 Heisler M, Choi H, Palmisano G, Mase R, Richardson C, et al. Comparison of community health worker led diabetes medication decision-making support for low-income Latino and African American adults with diabetes using e-health tools versus print materials: a randomized, controlled trial, models of community health worker led diabetes medication decision-making support.

Holtrop JS, Hickner J, Dosh S, Noel M, Ettenhofer TL. American Journal of Health Education ;33 3 Humphry J, Jameson LM, Beckham S. Overcoming social and cultural barriers to care for patients with diabetes.

Western Journal of Medicine ; 3 Jenkins C, McNary S, Carlson BA, King MG, Hossler CL, et al. Reducing disparities for African Americans with diabetes: progress made by the REACH Charleston and Georgetown Diabetes Coalition. Public Health Reports ; 3 Keyserling TC, Samuel-Hodge CD, Ammerman AS, Ainsworth BE, Henr quez-Rold n CF, et al.

A randomized trial of an intervention to improve self-care behaviors of African-American women with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care ;25 9 Lorig K, Gonzalez VM.

Community-based diabetes self-management education: definition and case study. Diabetes Spectrum ;13 4 Lorig K, Ritter PL, Villa F, Piette JD. Spanish diabetes self-management with and without automated telephone reinforcement.

Diabetes Care ;31 3 Lujan J, Ostwald SK, Ortiz M. Promotora diabetes intervention for Mexican Americans. Diabetes Educator ;33 4 McDermott RA, Schmidt B, Preece C, Owens V, Taylor S, Li M, Esterman A.

Community health workers improve diabetes care in remote Australian Indigenous communities: results of a pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial.

BMC Health Services Research ;15 1 McEwen MM, Pasvogel A, Gallegos G, Barrera L. Type 2 diabetes self-management social support intervention at the US-Mexico border. Public Health Nursing ;27 4 Evaluation of delivery of enhanced diabetes care to patients of South Asian ethnicity: the United Kingdom Asian Diabetes Study UKADS.

Diabetic Medicine ;21 12 Otero-sabogal R, Arretz D, Siebold S, Hallen E, Lee R, et al. Physician community health worker partnering to support diabetes self-management in primary care.

Quality in Primary Care ;18 6 Palmas W, Findley SE, Mejia M, Batista M, Teresi J, et al. Results of the Northern Manhattan Diabetes Community Outreach Project: a randomized trial studying a community health worker intervention to improve diabetes care in Hispanic adults.

Diabetes Care ;37 4 P rez-Escamilla R, Damio G, Chhabra J, Fernandez ML, Segura-P rez S, et al. Impact of a community health workers led structured program on blood glucose control among Latinos with type 2 diabetes: the DIALBEST trial. Diabetes Care ;38 2 Philis-Tsimikas A, Walker C, Rivard L, Talavera G, Reimann JO, et al.

Improvement in diabetes care of underinsured patients enrolled in Project Dulce. Diabetes Care ;27 1 Prezio EA, Cheng D, Balasubramanian BA, Shuval K, Kendzor DE, Culica D. Community Diabetes Education CoDE for uninsured Mexican Americans: a randomized controlled trial of a culturally tailored diabetes education and management program led by a community health worker.

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice ; 1 Ratanawongsa N, Handley MA, Quan J, Sarkar U, Pfeifer K, et al.

Quasi-experimental trial of diabetes Self-Management Automated and Real-Time Telephonic Support SMARTSteps in a Medicaid managed care plan: study protocol. BMC Health Services Research ;12 1 Rosal MC, Ockene IS, Restrepo A, White MJ, Borg A, et al.

Randomized trial of a literacy-sensitive, culturally tailored diabetes self-management intervention for low-income Latinos. Diabetes Care ;34 4 Rothschild SK, Martin MA, Swider SM, Tumial n Lynas CM, Janssen I, et al. Mexican American trial of community health workers: a randomized controlled trial of a community health worker intervention for Mexican Americans with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

American Journal of Public Health ; 8 Ryabov I. The impact of community health workers on behavioral outcomes and glycemic control of diabetes patients on the US-Mexico border.

International Quarterly of Community Health Education ;31 4 Samuel-Hodge CD, Keyserling TC, Park S, Johnston LF, Gizlice Z, Bangdiwala SI.

A randomized trial of a church-based diabetes self-management program for African Americans with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Educator ;35 3 Shah VO, Carroll C, Mals R, Ghahate D, Bobelu J, et al. A home-based educational intervention improves patient activation measures and diabetes health indicators among Zuni Indians.

PloS One ;10 5 :e Simmons D. Impact of an integrated approach to diabetes care at the Rumbalara Aboriginal Health Service. Internal Medicine Journal ;33 12 Starting a diabetes self-management program in a free clinic. Diabetes Educator ;33 Supplement 6 SS. Spencer MS, Rosland AM, Kieffer EC, Sinco BR, Valerio M, et al.

Effectiveness of a community health worker intervention among African American and Latino adults with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Public Health ; 12 Thom DH, Ghorob A, Hessler D, De Vore D, Chen E, Bodenheimer TA.

Impact of peer health coaching on glycemic control in low-income patients with diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Annals of Family Medicine ;11 2 Thompson JR, Horton C, Flores C. Advancing diabetes self-management in the Mexican American population a community health worker model in a primary care setting.

Two Feathers J, Kieffer EC, Palmisano G, Anderson M, Sinco B, et al. Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health REACH Detroit partnership: improving diabetes-related outcomes among African American and Latino adults. American Journal of Public Health ;95 9 Enhanced diabetes care to patients of south Asian ethnic origin the United Kingdom Asian Diabetes Study : a cluster randomised controlled trial.

Lancet ; Brown H, Wilson KJ, Pag n JA, et al. Cost-effectiveness analysis of a community health worker intervention for low-income Hispanic adults with diabetes. Prev Chronic Dis ;9:E Dosage effects of diabetes self-management education for Mexican Americans the Starr county border health initiative.

Culturally competent diabetes self-management education for Mexican Americans: the Starr County border health initiative.

Brown SA, Hanis CL. Culturally competent diabetes education for Mexican Americans: the Starr County study. Diabetes Educator ;25 2 Prezio EA, Pag n JA, Shuval K, Culica D. The Community Diabetes Education CoDE program: cost-effectiveness and health outcomes.

American Journal of Preventive Medicine ;47 6 Culica D, Walton JW, Prezio EA. CoDE: community diabetes education for uninsured Mexican Americans.

In: Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings; Baylor University Medical Center. Esperat MC, Flores D, McMurry L, et al. Transformacion Para Salud: a patient navigation model for chronic disease self-management.

Online journal of issues in nursing ;17 2 :G1. Gilmer TP, Roze S, Valentine WJ, et al. Cost-effectiveness of diabetes case management for low-income populations.

Health Services Research ;42 5 Greenhalgh T, Campbell-Richards D, Vijayaraghavan S, et al. Kane EP, Collinsworth AW, Schmidt KL, et al.

Improving diabetes care and outcomes with community health workers. Family Practice ;33 5 Rothschild SK, Martin MA, Swider SM, et al. Cost-effectiveness of community health workers in controlling diabetes epidemic on the US Mexico border.

Public Health ; 7 Segal L, Nguyen H, Schmidt B, et al. Economic evaluation of Indigenous health worker management of poorly controlled type 2 diabetes in north Queensland. Med J Aust ; 5 Tang TS, Funnell M, Sinco B, et al. Comparative Effectiveness of Peer Leaders and Community Health Workers in Diabetes Self-management Support: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Diabetes Care. Engaging Community Health Workers to Prevent and Manage Disease September 20, Developed by The Community Guide. Diabetes Prevention and Management Toolkit This toolkit compiles information, resources, and best practices to support development and implementation of diabetes prevention and management programs in rural communities.

Modules include program models, implementation and evaluation resources, and funding and dissemination strategies. Community Health Workers Toolkit This toolkit compiles information, resources, and best practices to support development and implementation of community health worker programs in rural communities.

Including Community Health Workers in Health Care Settings: A Checklist for Public Health Practitioners. The checklist is designed to be a conversation facilitator and can help to establish and strengthen relationships between community health workers and health care providers looking to address a range of health issues.

Studies published in English from beginning of database through May , limited to countries with high income economies as defined by the World Bank were searched and screened for inclusion. S1 COMMUNITY HEALTH WORKER? OR AIDE? OR HEALTH ADVISOR?

OR HEALTH WORKER? OR HEALTH ADVOCATE? OR OUTREACH WORKER? OR PATIENT NAVIGATOR? OR HEALTH VOLUNTEER? OR COMMUNITY MEMBER? OR COMMUNITY VOLUNTEER?

OR LAY HEALTH ADVISOR? OR COMMUNITY HEALTH AIDE? OR HEALTH AGENT? OR PEER HEALTH PROMOTER? OR PEER COUNSELOR? OR PEER HEALTH WORKER? OR PEER VOLUNTEER? OR COMMUNITY HEALTH PERSONNEL OR COMMUNITY PROMOTER?

OR CHRONIC DISEASE? OR CORONARY HEART DISEASE? OR ISCHEMIC OR CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE? OR HEART DISEASE? OR HEART ATTACK? OR ANGINA. S1 community health worker OR community health workers OR community health aide OR community health aides OR health advisor OR health advisors OR health worker OR health workers OR health advocate OR health advocates OR health paraprofessional OR health paraprofessionals OR community health representative OR community health representatives or outreach worker OR outreach workers OR patient navigator OR patient navigators OR promotora OR promotoras OR embajador OR embajadores OR consejera OR consejeras AND Hypertension OR blood pressure OR cholesterol OR diabetes OR obesity OR physical activity OR tobacco OR nutrition OR diet OR alcohol OR aspirin OR adherence OR comprehensive CVD risk reduction OR chronic disease OR cardiovascular disease OR cardiovascular diseases.

S2 Hypertension OR blood pressure OR cholesterol OR diabetes OR obesity OR physical activity OR tobacco OR nutrition OR diet OR alcohol OR aspirin OR adherence OR comprehensive CVD risk reduction OR chronic disease OR cardiovascular disease OR cardiovascular diseases AND Team-based care OR integrated care OR coordinated care OR collaborative care OR primary care teams OR primary care team OR navigator OR liaison OR screening OR education OR outreach OR home visits OR enroll OR community organizer OR community development OR health advocacy OR counseling OR self-management OR health behavior change OR lifestyle modification.

S3 Team-based care OR integrated care OR coordinated care OR collaborative care OR primary care teams OR primary care team OR navigator OR liaison OR screening OR education OR outreach OR home visits OR enroll OR community organizer OR community development OR health advocacy OR counseling OR self-management OR health behavior change OR lifestyle modification.

This literature search was performed to find studies on the economics of interventions engaging community health workers for the prevention of cardiovascular disease, prevention of diabetes, and management of diabetes.

Ten bibliographic databases were searched during August , using the terms listed below. If you are finding it hard to pay for your medications or insulin, talk to your doctor.

Never cut back or stop taking your medication. If you are struggling to pay for your insulin, see if you qualify for Minnesota's Insulin Safety Net Program. The American Diabetes Association also has information on prescription assistance and insulin support. In Minnesota, most health insurance plans, Medicaid and Medicare will cover your prescription medications, diabetes supplies and equipment, and diabetes self-management education.

Some people may have copays or deductibles. Check with your health insurance company for details. MDH and other organizations have provided helpful information on insurance, and what is or is not covered. Caregivers are family members and friends who provide help and support to a person with diabetes.

Too often, caregivers are not given the information, education and tools they need to provide the right support. Support can come from family members, friends, support groups and even online communities who care about you.

Tap into their support for encouragement, understanding and assistance. Topic Menu Diabetes Diabetes Home Learn More About Diabetes Diabetes Basics About Chronic Kidney Disease Preventing Diabetes Managing Diabetes Data and Reports Resources and Opportunities News About Us Related Topics Chronic Conditions and COVID Minnesota Plan COVID Chronic Conditions Heart Disease Arthritis Nutrition Physical Activity Tobacco.

Diabetes Diabetes Home Learn More About Diabetes Diabetes Basics About Chronic Kidney Disease Preventing Diabetes Managing Diabetes Data and Reports Resources and Opportunities News About Us Related Topics Chronic Conditions and COVID Minnesota Plan COVID Chronic Conditions Heart Disease Arthritis Nutrition Physical Activity Tobacco.

Contact Info Diabetes and Health Behavior Unit. diabetes state. Living Well with Diabetes Managing diabetes means keeping blood sugar levels and blood pressure levels within a range that you and your diabetes team have decided is safe for you.

Talking with your doctor Being prepared with your questions and goals in mind will help you and your care team or doctor make treatment decisions and a diabetes care plan that works for you.

Find resources to help prepare for a doctor visit: You've been referred to diabetes education. What's next?

Group weight loss programs led by health care professionals or peer models and offered in person or online may be available to offer behavioral support. The use of technology can be considered for self-monitoring, feedback, behavior change, coping strategies, and games or simulation experiences.

More research is needed to determine the effectiveness of these technologies, but they are currently available and widely used. Although not focused exclusively on the goal of diabetes prevention, other commercial weight loss programs, such as Weight Watchers, are widely available and may be of interest to many patients.

For any commercial program, patients should be informed of possible fees and that the weight loss goals and strategies advised by these programs may not have been studied as extensively for adults with prediabetes. For this reason, patients should be advised to avoid programs that promise dramatic weight losses or advise drastic dietary restrictions that could be hard to maintain or even prove harmful.

For Health Care Professionals Refer to a CDC-recognized Lifestyle Change Program: As part of the Congressionally authorized National Diabetes Prevention Program NDPP 1 , CDC recognizes and monitors lifestyle change programs that use trained lifestyle coaches to deliver an evidence-based curriculum, report results to CDC, and demonstrate effectiveness in behavior and weight change.

The intervention empowers patients with prediabetes to take charge of their health and well-being. At these sessions, patients learn ways to incorporate healthier eating and moderate physical activity, as well as problem-solving, stress-reduction, and coping skills, into their daily lives.

Or, to offer your own CDC-recognized lifestyle change program, read the National Standards, download an approved curriculum, and apply for recognition. CDC also provides links to organizations that offer lifestyle coach training.

Go to www. The DPSC provides training on administration of the Group Lifestyle Balance Program to interested health care professionals via a 2-day workshop. Thom DH, Ghorob A, Hessler D, De Vore D, Chen E, Bodenheimer TA. Impact of peer health coaching on glycemic control in low-income patients with diabetes: a randomized controlled trial.

Annals of Family Medicine ;11 2 Thompson JR, Horton C, Flores C. Advancing diabetes self-management in the Mexican American population a community health worker model in a primary care setting. Two Feathers J, Kieffer EC, Palmisano G, Anderson M, Sinco B, et al.

Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health REACH Detroit partnership: improving diabetes-related outcomes among African American and Latino adults. American Journal of Public Health ;95 9 Enhanced diabetes care to patients of south Asian ethnic origin the United Kingdom Asian Diabetes Study : a cluster randomised controlled trial.

Lancet ; Brown H, Wilson KJ, Pag n JA, et al. Cost-effectiveness analysis of a community health worker intervention for low-income Hispanic adults with diabetes. Prev Chronic Dis ;9:E Dosage effects of diabetes self-management education for Mexican Americans the Starr county border health initiative.

Culturally competent diabetes self-management education for Mexican Americans: the Starr County border health initiative. Brown SA, Hanis CL. Culturally competent diabetes education for Mexican Americans: the Starr County study. Diabetes Educator ;25 2 Prezio EA, Pag n JA, Shuval K, Culica D.

The Community Diabetes Education CoDE program: cost-effectiveness and health outcomes. American Journal of Preventive Medicine ;47 6 Culica D, Walton JW, Prezio EA. CoDE: community diabetes education for uninsured Mexican Americans. In: Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings; Baylor University Medical Center.

Esperat MC, Flores D, McMurry L, et al. Transformacion Para Salud: a patient navigation model for chronic disease self-management. Online journal of issues in nursing ;17 2 :G1.

Gilmer TP, Roze S, Valentine WJ, et al. Cost-effectiveness of diabetes case management for low-income populations. Health Services Research ;42 5 Greenhalgh T, Campbell-Richards D, Vijayaraghavan S, et al. Kane EP, Collinsworth AW, Schmidt KL, et al. Improving diabetes care and outcomes with community health workers.

Family Practice ;33 5 Rothschild SK, Martin MA, Swider SM, et al. Cost-effectiveness of community health workers in controlling diabetes epidemic on the US Mexico border. Public Health ; 7 Segal L, Nguyen H, Schmidt B, et al. Economic evaluation of Indigenous health worker management of poorly controlled type 2 diabetes in north Queensland.

Med J Aust ; 5 Tang TS, Funnell M, Sinco B, et al. Comparative Effectiveness of Peer Leaders and Community Health Workers in Diabetes Self-management Support: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Diabetes Care. Engaging Community Health Workers to Prevent and Manage Disease September 20, Developed by The Community Guide.

Diabetes Prevention and Management Toolkit This toolkit compiles information, resources, and best practices to support development and implementation of diabetes prevention and management programs in rural communities.

Modules include program models, implementation and evaluation resources, and funding and dissemination strategies. Community Health Workers Toolkit This toolkit compiles information, resources, and best practices to support development and implementation of community health worker programs in rural communities.

Including Community Health Workers in Health Care Settings: A Checklist for Public Health Practitioners. The checklist is designed to be a conversation facilitator and can help to establish and strengthen relationships between community health workers and health care providers looking to address a range of health issues.

Studies published in English from beginning of database through May , limited to countries with high income economies as defined by the World Bank were searched and screened for inclusion. S1 COMMUNITY HEALTH WORKER? OR AIDE? OR HEALTH ADVISOR? OR HEALTH WORKER? OR HEALTH ADVOCATE?

OR OUTREACH WORKER? OR PATIENT NAVIGATOR? OR HEALTH VOLUNTEER? OR COMMUNITY MEMBER? OR COMMUNITY VOLUNTEER? OR LAY HEALTH ADVISOR? OR COMMUNITY HEALTH AIDE? OR HEALTH AGENT? OR PEER HEALTH PROMOTER? OR PEER COUNSELOR? OR PEER HEALTH WORKER? OR PEER VOLUNTEER? OR COMMUNITY HEALTH PERSONNEL OR COMMUNITY PROMOTER?

OR CHRONIC DISEASE? OR CORONARY HEART DISEASE? OR ISCHEMIC OR CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE? OR HEART DISEASE? OR HEART ATTACK? OR ANGINA. S1 community health worker OR community health workers OR community health aide OR community health aides OR health advisor OR health advisors OR health worker OR health workers OR health advocate OR health advocates OR health paraprofessional OR health paraprofessionals OR community health representative OR community health representatives or outreach worker OR outreach workers OR patient navigator OR patient navigators OR promotora OR promotoras OR embajador OR embajadores OR consejera OR consejeras AND Hypertension OR blood pressure OR cholesterol OR diabetes OR obesity OR physical activity OR tobacco OR nutrition OR diet OR alcohol OR aspirin OR adherence OR comprehensive CVD risk reduction OR chronic disease OR cardiovascular disease OR cardiovascular diseases.

S2 Hypertension OR blood pressure OR cholesterol OR diabetes OR obesity OR physical activity OR tobacco OR nutrition OR diet OR alcohol OR aspirin OR adherence OR comprehensive CVD risk reduction OR chronic disease OR cardiovascular disease OR cardiovascular diseases AND Team-based care OR integrated care OR coordinated care OR collaborative care OR primary care teams OR primary care team OR navigator OR liaison OR screening OR education OR outreach OR home visits OR enroll OR community organizer OR community development OR health advocacy OR counseling OR self-management OR health behavior change OR lifestyle modification.

S3 Team-based care OR integrated care OR coordinated care OR collaborative care OR primary care teams OR primary care team OR navigator OR liaison OR screening OR education OR outreach OR home visits OR enroll OR community organizer OR community development OR health advocacy OR counseling OR self-management OR health behavior change OR lifestyle modification.

This literature search was performed to find studies on the economics of interventions engaging community health workers for the prevention of cardiovascular disease, prevention of diabetes, and management of diabetes.

Ten bibliographic databases were searched during August , using the terms listed below. The databases searched were: CINAHL, Cochrane, the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination CRD-York , EconLit, Google Scholar, NTIS, PubMed, Sociological Abstracts, SSRN, and WorldCat.

Publications listed from inception of databases to August, were covered, and the types of documents retrieved by the search included journal articles, books, book chapters, reports, and conference papers.

In addition, reference lists of included studies were screened and subject matter experts were consulted for additional studies that may have been missed. Search terms and strategies were adjusted for each database, based on controlled and uncontrolled vocabularies and software. C3 Project.

The Community health worker core consensus C3 project: recommendations on CHW roles, skills, and qualities. pdf [cited ]. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources Services Administration HRSA , Bureau of Health Professions. Community health worker national workforce study.

Department of Health and Human Services. Rockville MD ; Nelson K, Taylor L, Silverman J, Kiefer M, Hebert P, Lessler D, et al. Randomized controlled trial of a community health worker self-management support intervention among low-income adults with diabetes, Seattle, Washington, Prev Chronic Dis ; Healthy People includes the following objectives related to this CPSTF recommendation.

This webpage summarizes information available in the CPSTF Findings and Rationale Statement, located under the Snapshot tab. Skip directly to site content Skip directly to search. Welcome to The Community Guide!

Let us know what you think of the website by completing this quick survey. Search The Community Guide. Diabetes Management: Interventions Engaging Community Health Workers Print. Minus Related Pages. Snapshot What the CPSTF Found Supporting Materials Considerations for Implementation Summary of CPSTF Finding The Community Preventive Services Task Force CPSTF recommends interventions that engage community health workers to help patients manage their diabetes.

Economic evidence indicates these interventions are cost-effective. The CPSTF has related findings for interventions that engage community health workers: Diabetes prevention Cardiovascular disease prevention.

Intervention Interventions engaging community health workers for diabetes management aim to improve diabetes care and self-management behaviors among patients. Interventions include education, coaching, or social support to improve diabetes testing and monitoring, medication adherence, diet, physical activity, or weight management.

CPSTF Finding and Rationale Statement Read the full CPSTF Finding and Rationale Statement for details including implementation issues, possible added benefits, potential harms, and evidence gaps.

But we're here to help you find resources that may help. Put your health first by discovering your risk for type 2 diabetes with our Second Type 2 Diabetes Risk Test. Find out your score and get matched with resources to support your health journey.

These American Diabetes Association-recognized diabetes education programs will help you gain the knowledge, skills, and confidence to thrive with diabetes.

Breadcrumb Home Support for Your Health Journey. Discover More. Learn More.