Managing Diabetes effectively -
Try taking a walk, listening to your favorite music or gardening, whatever helps you cope. Drink in moderation. Drinking alcohol can produce signs of low blood sugar, according to the Mayo Clinic.
When you drink, your liver works to process the alcohol, which can mean it's too busy to perform another important function: releasing stored sugar in response to low levels. Also, drinking alcohol can impair your ability to think clearly and make good treatment decisions.
Adjust for your stage of life. The Mayo Clinic also explains that hormone levels can cause your blood sugar to fluctuate. For example, a woman may need to adjust her medication, meal plan or exercise level for her menstrual cycle. Going through menopause? You may need to make more adjustments and check your blood glucose more often.
Talk to your doctor to determine a plan that's right for your body and its hormonal changes at different life stages. Be aware that some medications may affect your diabetes.
As the Mayo Clinic notes, some medications are sweetened, and others may affect healthy glucose levels in other ways. Brush up on your oral hygiene. Diabetes puts you at greater risk for gum disease. According to the American Diabetes Association ADA , that's because people with diabetes have a lowered ability to fight infection from bacteria in the mouth.
Travel with a plan. Traveling can disrupt your normal routine, so be sure to plan ahead. The ADA recommends talking with your doctor about how to adjust and ensure you have medication to last while you're out of town.
Sweeten it yourself. To give yourself more control, you can reduce sugar in your diet by adding your own sweeteners. Not only will you support your diabetes nutrition strategy, you'll likely add less sugar, saving on calories and carbs, notes the ADA. Get vaccinated. Diabetes makes you more vulnerable to infection.
According to the CDC , illnesses such as the flu, pneumonia and hepatitis B are more common in people with diabetes. Know your data. Continuous glucose monitoring is key to managing your diabetes care and help you more quickly address when your body is high or low.
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GET MORE. Side effects of insulin include the risk of low blood sugar — a condition called hypoglycemia — diabetic ketoacidosis and high triglycerides. Weight-loss surgery changes the shape and function of the digestive system. This surgery may help you lose weight and manage type 2 diabetes and other conditions related to obesity.
There are several surgical procedures. All of them help people lose weight by limiting how much food they can eat. Some procedures also limit the amount of nutrients the body can absorb. Weight-loss surgery is only one part of an overall treatment plan.
Treatment also includes diet and nutritional supplement guidelines, exercise and mental health care. Generally, weight-loss surgery may be an option for adults living with type 2 diabetes who have a body mass index BMI of 35 or higher.
BMI is a formula that uses weight and height to estimate body fat. Depending on the severity of diabetes or the presence of other medical conditions, surgery may be an option for someone with a BMI lower than Weight-loss surgery requires a lifelong commitment to lifestyle changes.
Long-term side effects may include nutritional deficiencies and osteoporosis. People living with type 2 diabetes often need to change their treatment plan during pregnancy and follow a diet that controls carbohydrates. Many people need insulin therapy during pregnancy.
They also may need to stop other treatments, such as blood pressure medicines. There is an increased risk during pregnancy of developing a condition that affects the eyes called diabetic retinopathy.
In some cases, this condition may get worse during pregnancy. If you are pregnant, visit an ophthalmologist during each trimester of your pregnancy and one year after you give birth.
Or as often as your health care provider suggests. Regularly monitoring your blood sugar levels is important to avoid severe complications.
Also, be aware of symptoms that may suggest irregular blood sugar levels and the need for immediate care:. High blood sugar. This condition also is called hyperglycemia. Eating certain foods or too much food, being sick, or not taking medications at the right time can cause high blood sugar.
Symptoms include:. Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome HHNS. HHNS may be more likely if you have an infection, are not taking medicines as prescribed, or take certain steroids or drugs that cause frequent urination.
Diabetic ketoacidosis. Diabetic ketoacidosis occurs when a lack of insulin results in the body breaking down fat for fuel rather than sugar. This results in a buildup of acids called ketones in the bloodstream.
Triggers of diabetic ketoacidosis include certain illnesses, pregnancy, trauma and medicines — including the diabetes medicines called SGLT2 inhibitors. The toxicity of the acids made by diabetic ketoacidosis can be life-threatening. In addition to the symptoms of hyperglycemia, such as frequent urination and increased thirst, ketoacidosis may cause:.
Low blood sugar. If your blood sugar level drops below your target range, it's known as low blood sugar. This condition also is called hypoglycemia. Your blood sugar level can drop for many reasons, including skipping a meal, unintentionally taking more medication than usual or being more physically active than usual.
If you have symptoms of low blood sugar, drink or eat something that will quickly raise your blood sugar level. Examples include fruit juice, glucose tablets, hard candy or another source of sugar.
Retest your blood in 15 minutes. If levels are not at your target, eat or drink another source of sugar. Eat a meal after your blood sugar level returns to normal. If you lose consciousness, you need to be given an emergency injection of glucagon, a hormone that stimulates the release of sugar into the blood.
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Explore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this condition. Careful management of type 2 diabetes can reduce the risk of serious — even life-threatening — complications. Consider these tips:. Many alternative medicine treatments claim to help people living with diabetes.
According to the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, studies haven't provided enough evidence to recommend any alternative therapies for blood sugar management.
Research has shown the following results about popular supplements for type 2 diabetes:. Talk to your health care provider before starting a dietary supplement or natural remedy.
Do not replace your prescribed diabetes medicines with alternative medicines. Type 2 diabetes is a serious disease, and following your diabetes treatment plan takes commitment.
To effectively manage diabetes, you may need a good support network. Anxiety and depression are common in people living with diabetes. Talking to a counselor or therapist may help you cope with the lifestyle changes and stress that come with a type 2 diabetes diagnosis.
Support groups can be good sources of diabetes education, emotional support and helpful information, such as how to find local resources or where to find carbohydrate counts for a favorite restaurant. If you're interested, your health care provider may be able to recommend a group in your area.
You can visit the American Diabetes Association website to check out local activities and support groups for people living with type 2 diabetes. The American Diabetes Association also offers online information and online forums where you can chat with others who are living with diabetes.
You also can call the organization at DIABETES At your annual wellness visit, your health care provider can screen for diabetes and monitor and treat conditions that increase your risk of diabetes, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol or a high BMI. If you are seeing your health care provider because of symptoms that may be related to diabetes, you can prepare for your appointment by being ready to answer the following questions:.
If you are diagnosed with diabetes, your health care provider may begin a treatment plan. Or you may be referred to a doctor who specializes in hormonal disorders, called an endocrinologist.
Your care team also may include the following specialists:. Talk to your health care provider about referrals to other specialists who may be providing care.
Before any appointment with a member of your treatment team, make sure you know whether there are any restrictions, such as not eating or drinking before taking a test. Questions that you should regularly talk about with your health care provider or other members of the team include:.
Your health care provider is likely to ask you questions at your appointments. Those questions may include:. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission.
Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic Press. This content does not have an English version. This content does not have an Arabic version. Diagnosis Type 2 diabetes is usually diagnosed using the glycated hemoglobin A1C test.
Results are interpreted as follows: Below 5. More Information A1C test Glucose tolerance test. More Information Medications for type 2 diabetes GLP-1 agonists: Diabetes drugs and weight loss Bariatric surgery Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty Gastric bypass Roux-en-Y Show more related information.
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More Information Caffeine: Does it affect blood sugar? By Mayo Clinic Staff. Show references Professional Practice Committee: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes — Diabetes Care. Diabetes mellitus. Merck Manual Professional Version. Accessed Dec. Melmed S, et al. Williams Textbook of Endocrinology.
Elsevier; Diabetes overview. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Type 2 diabetes. Mayo Clinic; Feldman M, et al.
Surgical and endoscopic treatment of obesity. In: Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Management. Accessed Oct. Hypersmolar hyperglycemic state HHS.
Diabetic ketoacidosis DKA.
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