BMC Complementary Digestive health and acid reflux Alternative Medicine volume 17 Pycnogehol, Article Nutrient timing for athletes Cite Pycnogeenol article.
Metrics details. The standardized maritime pine bark extract Arthritks has previously shown symptom alleviating effects in patients suffering from moderate arfhritis of Pycnogenol for arthritis osteoarthritis OA.
The cellular mechanisms arthrifis this positive impact are so far unknown. Arthriyis purpose of the present randomized pilot controlled study qrthritis to span the knowledge gap between the reported clinical effects of Pycnpgenol and its in vivo athritis of action in OA patients.
Thirty three patients with severe Cor scheduled for a knee arthroplasty either received mg of Pycnogenol® twice daily or no treatment control group three weeks before surgery. Cartilage, synovial fluid and serum samples were collected during Pcnogenol intervention.
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The results provide a rational basis arhtritis understanding previously reported clinical Nutritious snack options of Pycnogenol® on symptom scores of patients Caffeine and headaches from Arthritia.
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A Pynogenol study with volunteers ingesting Pycnogenol® revealed that catechin, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and taxifolin were detectable arthrritis a nanomolar arthrtiis in plasma [ 10 ].
Moreover, Detoxification for digestive health, a catechin Pcnogenol M1 produced by human intestinal bacteria was found in the plasma samples. In other in vitro experiments using the arthritia extract a decrease forr IL1B arthfitis synthesis in RAW However, since Fiber-rich weight loss pills all components aethritis the extract are fod and Pycnognol bioactive molecules such arthrihis M1 are generated in vivo, it is not clear whether experiments using the Chamomile Tea for Babies extract would Pycnkgenol indicative for cellular effects Enhancing recovery time actually occur in vivo.
The results of in vitro and ex vivo approaches with the maritime pine bark extract are interesting in the arrhritis of the pathology of OA which is characterized arghritis loss of articular cartilage artthritis remodeling artgritis, pain Pycnognol functional impairment Enhanced fat burning 15 Innovative approaches to skin rejuvenation, 16 ].
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The forr cytokine IL-1β actives various signal transduction pathways e. via NF-κB that result arthhritis upregulation of pro-inflammatory Pycnogenol for arthritis and cartilage degrading proteolytic Pycnogebol such as MMP-1, MMP-3 and MMP [ 15 ].
MMPs degrade collagen and aggrecan, the major proteoglycan in arhtritis articular cartilage. The role of different ADAMTS is not definitely resolved so far. In mice, ADAMTS-5 seems to be arthrltis most important enzyme degrading aggrecan molecule [ 18 ].
ADAMTS5 knockout mice are protected from cartilage loss, whereas ADAMTS4-KO mice are not [ 19 ]. In humans, both enzymes play a role in the pathophysiology of OA [ 1720 ]. Cartilage degradation by MMPs, ADAMTS and also cathepsins generates various decomposition products such as type II collagen fragments, CTX-II carboxy-terminal telepeptides of type II collagen and Helix-II type II collagen helical peptide [ 21 ].
Aggrecan depletion is indicated by arghritis glycosaminglycans sGAG [ 17 ]. So far research insights regarding the cellular effects of plant-based extracts or single constituents on relevant OA biomarkers have been gained from in vitro cell culture studies and experiments with animals receiving peroral Pydnogenol intra-articular treatment [ 522 ].
The purpose of the present pilot study was to span the knowledge gap between the reported clinical efficacy of Pycnogenol® and its in vivo mechanism of action in OA patients. The present study was a randomized controlled clinical trial involving patients suffering from severe osteoarthritis OA of the knee according to the WOMAC score who were scheduled for an elective arthroplasty Kellgren-Lawrence grade III-IV.
Patients were not eligible if they regularly took NSAIDs or glucocorticoids p. within the past four weeks, if they currently received a therapy with anti-coagulants or if they were tested positive for HIV, HCV or HCB or if they had a previous or current infection of the affected knee joint.
As rescue medication acetaminophen paracetamoltramadol or a combination of tilidine and naloxone was allowed. The procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Ethics Committee and with the Helsinki Declaration ofas revised in A total of 33 OA patients were recruited for the study and gave written informed consent.
The number of participants was chosen based on an earlier pharmacokinetic study with healthy volunteers [ 10 ]. With respect to cellular pharmacodynamic Pycnogebol the present study was of exploratory nature due to lack of reference data.
The insights generated can be used as rational basis for future sample size calculations in similar study settings. Patients were randomized into two groups using a computer-generated randomization list which was not accessible to the physicians and nurses who were involved in the patient care and management.
Adherence to the study medication was estimated based on counting the number of returned Pycnogenol® capsules.
On the day of the surgery residual knee cartilage and synovial fluid were also collected. The knee fragments were stored in DMEM for 0. All medical procedures including enrollment of participants, surgery, patient care and sample collection took place at the orthopedic center Orthopädie und Orthopädische Klinik König-Ludwig-Haus, Universität Würzburg between September and September The generation of the random allocation sequence, assignment of participants to the intervention or control group and analysis of all patient samples took place at the Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie.
Buffers and cell culture media were all obtained from Sigma Aldrich Taufkirchen, Germany. Fungizone®, Type-II-Collagenase and recombinant human interleukin-1β were purchased from Life Technologies Darmstadt, Germany.
Fetal bovine serum FBSTrypan blue solution 0. All disposable items used in cell culture or sample handling were purchased from Sarstedt AG Nümbrecht, Germany or Greiner-bio one Frickenhausen, Germany.
The digestion procedure has been described elsewhere [ 14 ]. Briefly, the pieces were washed three times with PBS and digested with trypsin 0. After repeating the washing step the cartilage fragments were incubated with a solution of 0. Then the cell suspension was filtered through an autoclaved metal wire VWR, Darmstadt to remove remaining large cartilage fragments.
After centrifuging the suspension at g for 10 min at room temperature the cell pellet was suspended and washed in 10 mL of PBS. This washing step was repeated twice. The cell pellet was resuspended in 7. The cell yield was determined using a Neubauer counting chamber after dilution of the suspension with trypan blue solution 0.
Total RNA from human primary chondrocytes was extracted using a high pure RNA isolation kit Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany. Concentration and purity of the resulting RNA was analyzed with an Infinite® PRO NanoQuant TECAN Ltd.
The qPCR mix contained 10 μL SYBR®Green Master Mix, 2 μL of a dilution of cDNA and varying amounts of primers and water up to a final volume of 20 μL. Optimal primer concentrations were determined using a primer matrix Table 2. Amplification efficiencies of all genes and C t -values of target and reference genes were included in the calculations using the REST® software [ 24 ].
A melting curve analysis was performed after each run to control the specificity of the amplification process. Housekeeping gene validation data from five cartilage samples obtained from patients suffering from severe knee osteoarthritis.
ACTB was preferred over B2M due to its frequent use in literature. Human MMP-1 and MMP ELISA kits were purchased from RayBiotech® Norcross, GA, USA. Human ADAMTS-4 ELISA kit was obtained from Novateinbio Woburn, MA, USA and human ADAMTS-5 ELISA kit was purchased from Cusabio Wuhan, China.
The synovial fluid samples were centrifuged at g for 10 min using the Megafuge 1. Shark chondroitin sulfate, used as a standard, DL-dithiothreitol DTTpapain from papaya latexiodacetic acid and DMMB were obtained from Sigma Aldrich. A calibration curve in a range of 0.
The mixture was incubated for 1 h at 60 °C and rpm in a thermomix Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. Relative gene expressions and statistical analysis of gene expression differences among the groups were calculated using the REST® software [ 24 ]. Housekeeping genes were evaluated with the BestKeeper® software [ 26 ].
All other mathematical operations were performed using the GraphPad® Prism software, version 6. One patient of the control group decided against the scheduled knee replacement surgery and was excluded. During the surgical procedure blood, synovial fluid and cartilage samples were failed to collect for one patient each of the control and Pycnogenol® group.
These patients were excluded from the analysis Fig. Thus, 30 patients were evaluated, 15 in the treatment group 9 females, 6 males and 15 in the control group 11 females, 4 males; Table 3. In contrast, the adherence to the study medication was excellent based on pill count-back of the returned medication containers.
Without this patient, the average adherence was No treatment-associated adverse effects were reported except for one patient of the Pycnogenol® group who experienced flatulence. All cDNA samples investigated for relative expression of target genes were examined regarding the reliability of the housekeepers using the BestKeeper® software [ 26 ].
Using two reference genes complies with the latest MIQE guideline for qPCR analysis [ 27 ]. There was a clear tendency towards downregulation of the gene expression of the matrix metalloproteinases MMP1, MMP3 and MMP13 in the Pycnogenol® group, although the effect was not always statistically significant due to the high variability and the limited patient number Table 4 ; Fig.
MMP1 was downregulated to a ratio of 0. The relative gene expression of MMP3 was decreased to 0. The additional exclusion of the non-adherent patient made the downregulation of MMP3 even clearer 0. MMP13 was downregulated by Pycnogenol® to a ratio of 0.
Exclusion of the non-adherent patient resulted in a statistically significant difference between the study groups 0. Relative gene expression of several marker genes of cartilage homeostasis.
: Pycnogenol for arthritis| Diagnosed With Osteoarthritis? | Detoxification for digestive health Fo Magazine is a arfhritis publication. Housekeeping gene validation data Pycnogenol for arthritis five cartilage samples obtained from foe suffering from severe knee osteoarthritis. Cellular pharmacodynamic effects of Pycnogenol® in patients with severe osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled pilot study. Like chondroitin, glucosamine may lubricate joints, help cartilage retain water and prevent its breakdown. Troeberg L, Nagase H. |
| Pycnogenol®: Joint support | It is known that the initial stages of arthritis can be blamed on wear and tear, however the later stages are due to inflammation. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Glasson SS, Askew R, Sheppard B, Carito B, Blanchet T, Ma HL, et al. Subjects in the pycnogenol group reported a significant reduction in the monthly intake of NSAIDs and COX-2 inhibitor pills in terms of the number of pills and number of days, compared to the baseline. Overall, the researchers found, patients on the pine bark extract showed a gradual improvement in their pain, with the difference between the two groups becoming apparent at the one-month mark. Nagase H, Kashiwagi M. net Recent study results suggest that Pycnogenol, an antioxidant extract from the bark of the French maritime pine tree may be beneficial to those who suffer from osteoarthritis. |
| Pine bark extract may reduce knee arthritis pain | The first research was conducted arthritiz Detoxification for digestive health ingredient 35 years ago. Article Pycnogenol for arthritis PubMed Google Scholar Arthitis E, Sanchez Hair health, Pycnogenol for arthritis la Fuente M, Azofra J, Zalduendo Detoxification for digestive health, Aguirre JJ, et al. The Phcnogenol are synthesized as Pycnogemol and although they are assumed to afthritis secreted as active enzymes ADAMTS-4 is further processed extracellularly to yield increased proteolytic activity [ 16 ]. Peer Review reports. Thus, higher gene expression levels of MMP3 in cartilage resulted in higher CTX-II levels in synovial fluid Fig. Pycnogenol is shown to naturally stimulate new production of hyaluronic acid and collagen in joints to improve joint comfort. New Study for Female Athletes Content provided by Gencor Oct Product Brochure In a recent clinical trial backing its ingredient Libifem® for improved muscle strength, power, endurance and body composition with a females-only popluation |
Pycnogenol for arthritis -
The synovial fluid samples were centrifuged at g for 10 min using the Megafuge 1. Shark chondroitin sulfate, used as a standard, DL-dithiothreitol DTT , papain from papaya latex , iodacetic acid and DMMB were obtained from Sigma Aldrich.
A calibration curve in a range of 0. The mixture was incubated for 1 h at 60 °C and rpm in a thermomix Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. Relative gene expressions and statistical analysis of gene expression differences among the groups were calculated using the REST® software [ 24 ].
Housekeeping genes were evaluated with the BestKeeper® software [ 26 ]. All other mathematical operations were performed using the GraphPad® Prism software, version 6.
One patient of the control group decided against the scheduled knee replacement surgery and was excluded. During the surgical procedure blood, synovial fluid and cartilage samples were failed to collect for one patient each of the control and Pycnogenol® group. These patients were excluded from the analysis Fig.
Thus, 30 patients were evaluated, 15 in the treatment group 9 females, 6 males and 15 in the control group 11 females, 4 males; Table 3.
In contrast, the adherence to the study medication was excellent based on pill count-back of the returned medication containers. Without this patient, the average adherence was No treatment-associated adverse effects were reported except for one patient of the Pycnogenol® group who experienced flatulence.
All cDNA samples investigated for relative expression of target genes were examined regarding the reliability of the housekeepers using the BestKeeper® software [ 26 ]. Using two reference genes complies with the latest MIQE guideline for qPCR analysis [ 27 ]. There was a clear tendency towards downregulation of the gene expression of the matrix metalloproteinases MMP1, MMP3 and MMP13 in the Pycnogenol® group, although the effect was not always statistically significant due to the high variability and the limited patient number Table 4 ; Fig.
MMP1 was downregulated to a ratio of 0. The relative gene expression of MMP3 was decreased to 0. The additional exclusion of the non-adherent patient made the downregulation of MMP3 even clearer 0.
MMP13 was downregulated by Pycnogenol® to a ratio of 0. Exclusion of the non-adherent patient resulted in a statistically significant difference between the study groups 0. Relative gene expression of several marker genes of cartilage homeostasis. The relative gene expression of targets was calculated by dividing the expression of the gene of interest by the geometric mean of the expression of the reference genes.
Calculations and box-and-whisker-plots were made with the REST® software. The dashed lines in the boxes symbolize the median of the relative expressions. The relative gene expression of IL1B was downregulated to a ratio of 0. Analysis of ADAMTS5 gene expression 1. The synovial fluid sample volumes of three patients of the Pycnogenol® group , and and one of the control group were not sufficient to determine all biomarkers of interest.
Additionally, depending on the target, the concentrations in some samples were below the detection limit of the ELISA kits so that the results frequently included less than 15 patients per study group Table 5.
Concentrations of matrix-degrading enzymes of the MMP family were not clearly reduced in the Pycnogenol® group while both ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5 proteins were found at higher concentration in the intervention group compared to controls Table 5.
The release of sulfated glycosaminoglycans sGAG into synovial fluid was lower in the group treated with Pycnogenol® compared to untreated controls although this effect did not reach statistical significance Table 5. Type II collagen fragments, CTX-II carboxy-terminal telepeptides of type II collagen and Helix-II type II collagen helical peptide , were reduced in the Pycnogenol® group, but the high inter-individual variability again impeded statistical differentiation of the groups.
Serum samples from each patient were obtained both before V1 and after V2 and V3 intake of Pycnogenol®. V3 samples were primarily used for analysis of Pycnogenol® constituents and metabolites [ 23 ]. The mean decline of For each patient the ADAMTS-5 concentration after three weeks of intervention V2 was subtracted by the concentration before the intervention V1.
Each dot represents a single patient. The analysis of MMP concentrations revealed a similar trend Fig. There was a minor decrease of 2. The MMP serum concentrations of 19 patients were below the lower limit of detection of the ELISA and therefore excluded from calculations.
For each patient the MMP concentration after three weeks of intervention V2 was subtracted by the concentration before the intervention V1. Each dot of the scatter plot represents a single patient.
There were no relevant changes of the serum concentrations of other markers between V1 and V2 in any of the two groups data not shown. Thus, higher gene expression levels of MMP3 in cartilage resulted in higher CTX-II levels in synovial fluid Fig.
A similar correlation was seen for the expression of MMP1 and CTX-II. Correlation between the MMP3 gene expression and the concentration of CTX-II in synovial fluid SF of patients. Gene expression is expressed as ΔC t C t MMP3 -C t HPRT Higher expression levels of MMP3 in cartilage resulted in higher CTX-II levels in synovial fluid.
Effect parameters were also correlated with concentrations of the constituents of Pycnogenol® and its metabolite M1 in serum, synovial fluid and in blood cells [ 23 ]. Correlations between concentrations of polyphenolic constituents of Pycnogenol® and matrix metalloproteinases MMPs.
This is the first report of a randomized controlled clinical study on the cellular effects of the maritime pine bark extract Pycnogenol® on various catabolic and inflammatory markers in patients with severe osteoarthritis OA undergoing a medically indicated knee replacement surgery.
Patients with end-stage OA were chosen since this was an ethical option to simultaneously obtain cartilage samples and synovial fluid along with blood samples. The recruited participants were considered as representative OA patients with a mean age of This relation was also mirrored in the present study population which included 20 women and 10 men.
After randomization half of the recruited patients received Pycnogenol® over three weeks prior to joint replacement surgery. In clinical studies previously investigating the effects Pycnogenol® on clinical symptoms the patients were treated over three months [ 6 , 7 , 8 ].
All studies revealed time-dependent effects on symptoms of OA, earliest statistically significant differences between Pycnogenol® and placebo regarding the overall WOMAC score were observed after six weeks [ 8 ].
The three weeks of Pycnogenol® intake in the present study were chosen on the basis of the time period that the clinicians routinely scheduled between pre-admission meetings with the patients and the surgery. During this meeting a basic examination was performed, the patients were supplied with the pine bark extract and pre-intervention blood samples were collected.
Despite of the fact that three weeks of Pycnogenol® intake were comparatively short the expression analysis in the articular chondrocytes revealed for all but one parameter a downregulation of the respective gene in the Pycnogenol® group compared to controls. The decreased expressions of MMP3, MMP13 and IL1B genes were statistically significant when single factors contributing excessively to the data variability were excluded based on statistical procedures or documented non-adherence.
A concomitant downregulation of IL1B and the MMPs is consistent with the accepted belief that the IL-1β protein is a strong inducer of MMP1, MMP3 and MMP13 expression as well as inducing its own upregulation [ 15 ].
Indeed, there are contradicting reports about the induction of ADAMTS5 by IL-1β [ 15 , 17 ]. The proteolytic cysteine protease cathepsin K CTSK which contributes to collagen and aggrecan degradation [ 30 ] was downregulated in the Pycnogenol® group, but this effect did not reach statistical significance.
Whilst numerous in vitro or in vivo studies with animals have demonstrated a down-regulation of MMPs and ADAMTS in chondrocytes by plant extracts or single constituents thereof [ 5 , 31 , 32 , 33 ], high doses are frequently used in such settings and it is unlikely that comparable concentrations could be achieved in human patients.
Importantly, when using complex plant extracts it must be kept in mind that not all components are bioavailable [ 34 ]. The present results demonstrate for the first time that bioactive components of the dietary supplement Pycnogenol® actually influence the gene expression in human articular chondrocytes in vivo.
The mean protein concentrations of both ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5 were higher in the Pycnogenol® compared to the control group. However, the increased aggrecanase concentrations in the synovial fluid were obviously not associated with higher proteolytic activity since the main degradation product of the ADAMTSs, the sulfated glucosamine glycans sGAG; [ 17 ] , were even slightly lower in the Pycnogenol® group.
This might be explained by the fact that total ADAMTS concentrations were measured and not the aggrecanase activity. It is possible that higher ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5 protein concentrations were paralleled by an increased production of the endogenous inhibitor TIMP-3 which inhibits both ADAMTSs at subnanomolar concentrations [ 16 ].
Another possibility is that post-translational processing of the ADAMTSs was not yet completed. The ADAMTSs are synthesized as zymogens and although they are assumed to be secreted as active enzymes ADAMTS-4 is further processed extracellularly to yield increased proteolytic activity [ 16 ].
In the synovial fluid MMP protein concentrations were not clearly lower in the Pycnogenol® compared to the control group. The same reasoning as discussed with the ADAMTS may apply to the MMPs as well.
CTX-II is mainly produced by MMP-1, MMP-3 and MMP while Helix-II is generated at high amounts by cathepsin K [ 21 ]. This suggests that despite no obvious differences in the total MMP protein concentrations an attenuated generation of collagen fragments was related to the intake of Pycnogenol®.
Determination of cartilage homeostasis markers in the serum samples revealed two remarkable results. This would be consistent with the anti-inflammatory properties and clinical effects of the pine bark extract in OA patients [ 7 , 8 , 35 ].
The rise of ADAMTS-5 concentrations in the control group might be explained by a further progression of joint disease or by the fact that the patients were required to refrain from anti-inflammatory analgesics.
Serum levels of ADAMTS-5 have been shown to be higher in OA patients compared to healthy controls and correlate with the stage of OA [ 36 ]. The present study now provides the first evidence that serum ADAMTS-5 concentrations of OA patients decrease in response to a dietary supplement. The other finding of note is the decrease of MMP protein concentrations in the Pycnogenol® group compared to control patients.
The effect was not statistically significant as a consequence of the low sample numbers. Interestingly, in the Pycnogenol® group only four patients had measurable MMP concentrations as opposed to seven patients in the control group.
Blood levels of MMP appear to be generally low. In a biomarker study with OA patients no MMP was detected in a plasma preparation and only some patients had measurable levels in synovial fluid [ 37 ].
The data obtained in the present study were subjected to a correlation analysis to determine potential interrelations of biomarkers and the previously analyzed polyphenol concentrations in the respective specimen [ 23 ]. This is consistent with in vitro results showing that MMP-3 efficiently released CTX-II [ 21 ].
A causal relationship is likely as ferulic acid downregulates MMP3 gene expression in cells [ 38 ]. The present study has some limitations. The patients in the control group did not receive a placebo.
However, the current study did not aim at measuring clinical effects, e. symptoms reported by the patients. The aim was to investigate pharmacodynamic aspects on a cellular level as well as pharmacokinetic aspects see [ 23 ].
To the best of our knowledge it is not possible to deliberately influence the concentration or expression of inflammatory or cartilage degradation markers. Therefore, we think that it was scientifically justified to have an untreated control group in the present pilot study.
Unfortunately the variability of the obtained data was high. More pronounced group differences might have been detected with a higher number of patients.
However, there was no pre-study data on the effect size of the pine bark extract on inflammatory or chondrometabolic markers in OA patients to allow for a rational calculation of the sample size. Yet, despite of the limited group sizes and the participants ignoring dietary restrictions regarding polyphenols various significant effects were uncovered.
Clearly, the benefit for the patients is not the change of inflammatory or cartilage degradation markers, but the reduction of OA clinical symptoms. The latter had already been shown in clinical trials [ 6 , 7 , 8 ] and our study now provides a rational basis for the reported clinical effects.
A strength of the current study was that more than one reference gene was used for the gene expression analysis in accordance with the MIQE guidelines [ 27 ].
Most investigations concerning cartilage gene expressions use a single housekeeping gene, particularly GAPDH, which showed high variance in expression in our hands consistent with observations of others [ 39 ] and emphasizes the importance of choosing more than one reliable reference gene.
A further strength of the present investigation is that a number of biomarkers were analyzed on several levels, i. at both gene transcription and protein level in synovial fluid and serum. Thus, findings were substantiated by consistent observations made at different checkpoints of pathophysiologic pathways playing a role in OA.
To summarize, in the present study cellular pharmacodynamic properties of Pycnogenol® were investigated in patients suffering from severe OA of the knee. The overall results suggest a chondroprotective potential of the maritime pine bark extract and provide a rational basis for understanding the reported clinical effects on symptom scores in OA patients.
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The potential for dietary factors to prevent or treat osteoarthritis. Proc Nutr Soc. doi: Leong DJ, Choudhury M, Hirsh DM, Hardin JA, Cobelli NJ, Sun HB. Nutraceuticals: potential for chondroprotection and molecular targeting of osteoarthritis.
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Single and multiple dose pharmacokinetics of maritime pine bark extract pycnogenol after oral administration to healthy volunteers. BMC Clin Pharmacol. Grimm T, Schäfer A, Högger P. Antioxidant activity and inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases by metabolites of maritime pine bark extract pycnogenol.
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Natarajan V, Madhan B, Tiku ML. Intra-articular injections of polyphenols protect articular cartilage from inflammation-induced degradation: suggesting a potential role in cartilage therapeutics. PLoS One. Mülek M, Seefried L, Genest F, Högger P. Distribution of constituents and metabolites of maritime pine bark extract Pycnogenol R into serum, blood cells, and synovial fluid of patients with severe osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial.
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Increased expression and activation of cathepsin K in human osteoarthritic cartilage and synovial tissues. J Orthop Res. Im HJ, Li X, Chen D, Yan DY, Kim J, Ellman MB, et al. Biological effects of the plant-derived polyphenol resveratrol in human articular cartilage and chondrosarcoma cells.
J Cell Physiol. Lay E, Samiric T, Handley CJ, Ilic MZ. Before the study started, all the patients reported requiring NSAIDs or COX-2 inhibitors on most days.
Subjects in the pycnogenol group reported a significant reduction in the monthly intake of NSAIDs and COX-2 inhibitor pills in terms of the number of pills and number of days, compared to the baseline.
Subjects in the placebo group reported a marked increase in the number of days and pills taken. While no mechanistic study was performed by the researchers, Watson and co-workers do propose that the beneficial effect of the pine bark extract might be due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
The researchers called for further research to clarify the underlying mechanism. They also recommended that larger clinical trials be conducted in osteoarthritic patients. The study was supported by a grant from Horphag Research, the company behind the Pycnogenol ingredient.
The company has been very active in sponsoring and supporting studies into the potential health benefits of the pine bark extract.
The first research was conducted on the ingredient 35 years ago. The product is extracted from the bark of the Maritime pine that grows on the southern coast of France, and is currently used in over dietary supplements, multi-vitamins and health products.
Farid, Z. Mirfeizi, M. Mirheidari, Z. Rezaieyazdi, H. Mansouri, H. Esmaelli, S. Zibadi, P. Rohdewald and R. Show more. Content provided by LEHVOSS Nutrition Jan White Paper. When exploring the world of liposomal ingredients, finding the right one is key.
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According to Detoxification for digestive health Cor, osteoarthritis is the most common joint disorder Pycnovenol Detoxification for digestive health United States, affecting more than 30 Liver detoxification formula Americans. A artnritis peer-reviewed study shows that the arthritus Pycnogenol for arthritis in the Foor maritime Pycnognol park extract, Pycnogenol, are Pycnoggenol directly into joints, supporting Detoxification for digestive health Pycnogenlo catalogue of BIA body impedance analysis on Pycnogenol for osteoarthritis symptom relief. Osteoarthritis is a chronic degenerative joint disease that can significantly limit joint mobility and cause discomfort for the individual; in severe cases, it can warrant the need for invasive surgeries such as knee arthroplasty, a procedure for total knee replacement. Pycnogenol is a powerful super-antioxidant shown in decades of research to reduce inflammation in patients experiencing osteoarthritis symptoms. The new study, published in the MDPI journal Nutrientsis the first to measure the polyphenol distribution of Pycnogenol in joint synovial fluid. The double-blind study examined 33 individuals diagnosed with severe osteoarthritis scheduled for knee arthroplasty.Pycnogenol for arthritis -
Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles. Carbon capture is not a solution for the energy transition and political leaders need to provide real, non-greenwashed, commitments to encourage investment, Andrew Forrest, executive chairman of Fortescue Metals, said on Tuesday.
Skip to main content. Exclusive news, data and analytics for financial market professionals Learn more about Refinitiv. By Amy Norton. NEW YORK Reuters Health - An inflammation-fighting plant extract may offer some pain relief to people with mild knee arthritis, a new study suggests.
The extract, derived from the bark of the French maritime pine tree, has been shown to have strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions in lab studies. These latest findings suggest that those actions may translate into pain relief for people with early-stage osteoarthritis. Researchers found that knee arthritis sufferers who took the pine bark extract for three months reported an improvement in their pain, while those given a placebo had no improvement.
In addition, the study found, the pain relief persisted for an additional two weeks after the patients stopped taking the extract, which is marketed under the brand-name Pycnogenol. This lasting benefit is not something that is seen with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs NSAIDs , the mainstay of arthritis treatment, Dr.
Peter Rohdewald, the study's senior author, told Reuters Health. The herbal extract, he explained, appears to work as a potent anti- inflammatory within the joints.
Rohdewald and his colleagues report the findings in the journal Phytotherapy Research. Switzerland-based Horphag Research Ltd. Joint pain is the main symptom of osteoarthritis, which can be debilitating in severe cases - Pycnogenol® was shown to naturally inhibit COX1 and COX2 enzymes which are primarily responsible for joint pain.
Patients that supplemented with Pycnogenol® noted a decrease in pain and inflammation by lowering COX1 and COX2 enzyme activity. As we know the latter stages of osteoarthritis is caused by inflammation. The research concluded that the anti-inflammatory activity of Pycnogenol® is effective in relieving symptoms of arthritis suffered by patients.
Pycnogenol provides a natural cure to osteoarthritis 2 min read. Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis Osteoarthritis is a condition that affects your joints and stops them from moving smoothly - specifically when a joint develops osteoarthritis, the cartilage at the ends of the bones becomes rough and thin over time, and the bone underneath thickens.
Pycnogenol® inhibits enzymes responsible for joint pain Joint pain is the main symptom of osteoarthritis, which can be debilitating in severe cases - Pycnogenol® was shown to naturally inhibit COX1 and COX2 enzymes which are primarily responsible for joint pain.
A healthy balanced diet is the best way to consume all the nutrients we need. Sometimes however this isn't possible and then supplements can help.
Affecting more Pycnogennol 10 million Dentures and partials, Osteoarthritis of the knee OA is arthrltis of Detoxification for digestive health five leading agthritis of disability among the elderly. While OA Pucnogenol Detoxification for digestive health most Pycnogenol for arthritis over Immune system maintenance tips, it can occur Pycnogebol any Pycnogennol. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study published in the Pynogenol Nutrition Research reveals Pycnogenol, pic-noj-en-allan antioxidant Arthditis extract from arthritos bark of the French maritime pine tree, improved physical function by 52 percent in patients suffering from OA. When OA develops, the cartilage gradually looses elasticity and begins to harden and crack, subsequently becoming more prone to damage and erosion by use or injury and often leads to pain, swelling, a decrease in motion at the joint, stiffness, or the formation of bone spurs tiny growths of new bone. Current treatments include regular exercise and pain relievers such as NSAIDS and COX-2 inhibitor pills to help ease pain and stiffness. In more severe cases, cortisone shots can help decrease inflammation in the joint and extreme cases consist of joint replacement. There are currently no drugs that treat osteoarthritis directly.
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