Lower cholesterol for improved circulation -
This makes high blood cholesterol a major health concern in Australia. There are guidelines for target cholesterol levels in different people. Your doctor will talk to you about your cholesterol test results and how to lower cholesterol and reduce your risk of heart disease. There is no single cause of high cholesterol, but there are some controllable risk factors smoking and non-controllable risk factors age.
The liver is the main processing centre for cholesterol and dietary fat. When we eat animal fats, the liver transports the fat, together with cholesterol in the form of lipoproteins, into our bloodstream.
Too much cholesterol circulating within LDL in our bloodstream leads to fatty deposits developing in the arteries. This causes the vessels to narrow and they can eventually become blocked.
This can lead to heart disease and stroke. Research has shown that cholesterol in food has a neutral relationship with blood cholesterol levels. For those not at high risk of cardiovascular disease or diabetes or who have not previously had LDL lowering treatment, there is no limit to the amount of cholesterol which can be consumed in foods such as eggs and animal products.
However, if you do have these risk factors a maximum of 7 eggs per week is advised. Following a healthy diet and lifestyle can help to lower your cholesterol levels over time, including:. To assist with lowering cholesterol levels, reducing foods high in saturated fats can help.
Try to minimise intake of:. Food components like saponins found in chickpeas, alfalfa sprouts and other foods and sulphur compounds like allicin — found in garlic and onions may also have a positive effect in lowering cholesterol levels. Plant sterols can lower cholesterol levels and are found naturally in plant foods including sunflower and canola seeds, vegetable oils and in smaller amounts in nuts, legumes, cereals, fruit and vegetables.
Some margarine, milks and cereals have concentrated plant sterols added to them. The recommended dose is 2 to 3 g per day. Consuming more than this amount does not lead to any harm, however, there are no additional benefits.
Changing some of your lifestyle habits may also help to reduce your cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Suggestions include:. For some people, diet and lifestyle changes are not enough to lower cholesterol.
High blood cholesterol levels often have a genetic component. Some people inherit altered genes that cause high cholesterol and this cannot usually be changed sufficiently by lifestyle or diet. Satins slow the amount of cholesterol made in your liver.
The liver uses the cholesterol already in your blood instead. This lowers the level of LDL cholesterol in your blood. Some people get muscle aches from statins.
However, diet and exercise will still be important, even if you are taking medication. Your doctor may also refer you to a specialist who treats cardiovascular disease.
This page has been produced in consultation with and approved by:. Content on this website is provided for information purposes only. Calculators are available that can estimate this risk based on your age, sex, medical history, and other characteristics see "Patient education: High cholesterol and lipids Beyond the Basics ", section on 'Calculating your risk of cardiovascular disease'.
Some clinicians recommend treatment at a particular level of risk such as a 7. Sometimes a calcium score test is done to see if plaque is present in the heart arteries; if so, then treatment is recommended. As with people who already have known CVD, when the decision is made to start medication, the first choice is usually a statin.
See 'Statins' below. People with high triglyceride levels — Triglycerides, like cholesterol, are a type of lipid. High triglycerides called "hypertriglyceridemia" are also associated with an increased risk of heart disease.
These need to be assessed on a fasting blood test because eating any food prior to the test will increase the levels. Dietary interventions and exercise are usually effective in lowering triglycerides.
The dietary interventions include limiting intake of refined carbohydrates, excess calories, and alcohol. For reducing cardiovascular risk, the first step is to reduce the LDL to below the target level see 'Statins' below and then check the fasting triglyceride level.
See 'Omega-3' below. People who have already had triglyceride-related pancreatitis may be treated at lower levels. In these situations, a class of medication called fibrates are usually the first line of treatment. People with diabetes — People with diabetes type 1 or 2 are at high risk of heart disease.
A moderate- or high-intensity statin is recommended in most adults with diabetes, regardless of their baseline LDL cholesterol level. See "Patient education: Type 2 diabetes: Overview Beyond the Basics ". Older adults — The decision to treat high cholesterol levels in a person over the age of 75 depends upon the individual's "chronologic age" age in years as well as their "physiologic age" which takes into account their health and fitness level.
A person with a limited life span and underlying illness may not need to receive drug therapy. On the other hand, an otherwise healthy older adult should not be denied drug therapy simply on the basis of age alone.
In general, the treatment goals discussed above apply for people of all ages. These patients often have a genetic factor that leads to a change in how cholesterol is processed in the body, and they have high levels of cholesterol from birth. As such, their risk of developing heart disease is much higher.
These patients are recommended for treatment regardless of the risk score, with treatment often started in late teenage years. You can help lower your lipid levels with lifestyle changes, medications, or a combination of both. In certain cases, a health care provider will recommend a trial of lifestyle changes before recommending a medication.
The best approach for you will depend on your individual situation, including your lipid levels, health conditions, risk factors, medications, and lifestyle.
Lifestyle changes — If you have high low-density lipoprotein LDL cholesterol, you should try to make some changes in your day-to-day habits, including reducing the amount of total and saturated fat in your diet, losing weight if you are overweight or obese , getting regular aerobic exercise, and eating plenty of fruits and vegetables see "Patient education: Exercise Beyond the Basics " and "Patient education: Diet and health Beyond the Basics ".
A plant-based diet is an effective strategy to lowering LDL cholesterol. The benefits of these lifestyle changes usually become evident within 6 to 12 months. However, the success of lipid lowering with lifestyle modification varies widely, and health care providers sometimes recommend beginning medication sooner.
Medications — There are many medications available to help lower elevated levels of LDL cholesterol. Each category of medication varies in how it works, how effective it is, and how much it costs.
Your health care provider will recommend a medication or combination of medications based on your blood lipid levels and other individual factors. Statins — Statins are one of the best-studied classes of medications and the most commonly used drugs for lowering LDL cholesterol.
They are the most effective drugs for prevention of coronary heart disease, heart attack, stroke, and death. Available statins include atorvastatin former brand name: Lipitor , rosuvastatin former brand name: Crestor , and several other similar medications table 1. Statins decrease the body's production of cholesterol and increase removal of cholesterol by the liver, so they reduce LDL cholesterol levels by as much as 25 to 55 percent.
In addition, they can lower triglycerides. Statins may also reduce inflammation and may prevent heart attacks and strokes through this mechanism. While most people tolerate statins well, there are some potential side effects, mainly muscle pain, aches, or weakness.
Use of statins may also increase the risk of developing diabetes, although the risk is seen mostly in those with prediabetes, and the benefit in reduction on heart attack and stroke is about four times that of the risk of developing diabetes.
Changing statins and using low doses often can avoid these issues, but if not, non-statin medications can be used to lower LDL cholesterol. It is important to closely follow the dosing instructions for when to take statins; some are more effective when taken before bedtime while others should be taken with a meal.
In addition, some foods, such as grapefruit or grapefruit juice, can increase the risk of side effects of statins. Most manufacturers recommend that people who take lovastatin, simvastatin, or atorvastatin consume no more than one-half of a grapefruit or 8 ounces of grapefruit juice per day.
Ezetimibe — Ezetimibe brand name: Zetia blocks the body's ability to actively transport cholesterol from food as well as cholesterol that the body produces internally. It lowers LDL cholesterol levels by 20 to 25 percent and has relatively few side effects.
It is usually prescribed in combination with a statin but is also used alone in patients who cannot tolerate a statin. When used in combination with a statin after an acute coronary syndrome eg, heart attack , ezetimibe provides a small additional reduction in the risk of having another cardiovascular event.
PCSK9 inhibitors — PCSK9 monoclonal antibody inhibitors are another class of drugs that lower LDL cholesterol levels sample brand names: Praluent, Repatha table 1 ; they are given by injection under the skin every two to four weeks. They reduce cardiovascular events such as heart attack or stroke and potentially death.
Aside from mild skin reactions at the site of injection, they have few side effects. Inclisiran brand name Leqvio is a PCSK9 inhibitor that is given by injection once, 90 days later, and then every six months. However, they are expensive and their use is limited to patients treated with maximal tolerated statins who have persistent elevations of LDL cholesterol.
Bile acid sequestrants — The bile acid sequestrants include colesevelam brand name: Welchol , colestipol brand name: Colestid , and cholestyramine sample brand names: Prevalite, Questran table 1.
These medications bind to bile acids in the intestine, reducing the amount of cholesterol the body absorbs from foods. They are used only occasionally. They lower LDL cholesterol only modestly 10 to 15 percent. Side effects can be bothersome and may include nausea, bloating, cramping, and liver damage.
Taking psyllium a fiber supplement, such as Metamucil can sometimes reduce the dose required and the side effects. Bile acid sequestrants can interact with some medications, including as digoxin brand name: Lanoxin and warfarin brand name: Jantoven , and with the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins including vitamins A, D, K, and E.
Taking these medications at different times of day can solve these problems in some cases. Bempedoic acid — Bempedoic acid brand name: Nexletol is the newest lipid-lowering agent, and it is approved for lowering LDL cholesterol.
It works by inhibiting cholesterol synthesis at a step before the HMG-CoA reductase or the enzyme inhibited by statin therapy. It was not until they employed a newer technique called ATAC-seq that the role of statins became apparent.
ATAC-seq reveals what happens at the epigenetic level, meaning the changes to gene expression that do not involve changes to the genetic sequence.
They found that the changes in gene expression stemmed from the way strings of DNA are packaged inside the cell nucleus. DNA exists in our cells not as loose strands but as a series of tight spools around proteins, together known as chromatin.
Whether particular DNA sequences are exposed or hidden in these spools determines how much they are expressed. ATAC-seq revealed that simvastatin-treated cells had closed chromatin structures that reduced the expression of genes that cause the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition.
Working backward, the researchers found that simvastatin prevents a protein known as YAP from entering the nucleus and opening chromatin. The YAP protein is known to play important roles in development, such as regulating the size of our organs, but also has been implicated in the abnormal cell growth seen in cancer.
To see the drug in context, the researchers tested simvastatin on diabetic mice. Diabetes causes subtle changes to blood vessels that mimic the damage commonly seen in people who are prescribed statins — older patients who do not have a cardiovascular condition, Liu said. They found that after eight weeks on simvastatin, the diabetic mice had significantly improved vascular function, with arteries that more easily relaxed and contracted.
The findings also provide a more detailed picture of the vascular disease process, which could help doctors identify and treat early signs of vascular damage. I also knew it has good vascular effects.
Stertzer, MD, Professor who is also the director of the Stanford Cardiovascular Institute. Researchers from the University of North Texas and the Ohio State University College of Medicine contributed to this study.
Mayo Vibrant vegetable salads offers appointments in Arizona, Florida and Lower cholesterol for improved circulation and at Lower cholesterol for improved circulation Improvee Health System locations. Choleaterol changes can help imprvoed your circjlation — and boost the cholesterol-lowering power of medications. High cholesterol increases your risk of heart disease and heart attacks. Medications can help improve your cholesterol. But if you'd rather first make lifestyle changes to improve your cholesterol, try these five healthy changes. Exercise can improve cholesterol. Moderate physical activity can help raise high-density lipoprotein HDL cholesterol, the "good" cholesterol.
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