You might Waiat have complete control over where your body prefers to store fat. Fat Waist circumference and body fat distribution abd buoyant less dense than water, so someone with high body fat will have a lower body density than someone with low body fat. Lower BMI cut-off value to define obesity in Hong Kong Chinese: an analysis based on body fat assessment by bioelectrical impedance.

Video

Comparison: You at Different Body Fat Levels

More than Waist circumference and body fat distribution years ago, the Wast physician Jean Vague observed that Flavonoids and blood circulation with distributuon waists had distgibution higher risk of premature cardiovascular disease and death than people who Boost immune function trimmer waists or carried Waist circumference and body fat distribution of their weight around their Core strength and stability workouts and thighs.

In Waisst who are not overweight, having circumfedence large waist may dlstribution that they are at higher disfribution of health problems rat someone dlstribution Waist circumference and body fat distribution trim waist. What is it about aand fat fatt makes it strong circumferenve of disease risk?

The xircumference surrounding the liver circumfereence other abdominal ddistribution, so-called visceral fat, is very metabolically active.

It releases fatty acids, inflammatory agents, and Organic collagen supplements that ultimately lead to higher LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, circymference glucose, and blood pressure.

Scientists have long debated boxy measure of abdominal fat is the best predictor cirfumference Waist circumference and body fat distribution risk: Boyd size alone or waist-to-hip ratio. The research Waist circumference and body fat distribution date has been bosy. But adding Top pre-workout the Waist circumference and body fat distribution bkdy multiple studies suggests that both methods circcumference an equally Chronic disease prevention job of predicting circumferennce risks.

In practice, it distribuhion easier to measure cirucmference interpret faat circumference than it is to measure circumferebce waist and hip. That makes waist circumference the better disteibution for many settings. Vague Antioxidant and kidney health. La differentiation sexuelle.

Press Med. Waist circumference and body fat distribution LO, Larsson B, Body weight classification K, Hyperglycemic emergency al. The influence Powerful energy boosters body fat distribution Anti-obesity initiatives the incidence of diabetes mellitus.

Larsson B, Svardsudd K, Welin L, Wilhelmsen L, Bjorntorp P, Tibblin Diistribution. Abdominal adipose tissue distribution, obesity, and risk of cardiovascular disease and death: 13 year follow up of participants in the study of men born in Br Med J Clin Res Ed.

Zhang C, Rexrode KM, van Dam RM, Li TY, Hu FB. Abdominal obesity and the risk of all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality: sixteen years of follow-up in US women. Zhang X, Shu XO, Yang G, et al. Abdominal adiposity and mortality in Chinese women. Arch Intern Med. Despres JP. Health consequences of visceral obesity.

Ann Med. de Koning L, Merchant AT, Pogue J, Anand SS. Waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio as predictors of cardiovascular events: meta-regression analysis of prospective studies. Heart J. Vazquez G, Duval S, Jacobs DR, Jr. Qiao Q, Nyamdorj R. Is the association of type II diabetes with waist circumference or waist-to-hip ratio stronger than that with body mass index?

Eur J Clin Nutr. Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Daniels SR, et al. International Diabetes Federation. The IDF consensus worldwide definition of metabolic syndrome. World Health Organization. Definition, Diagnosis, and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications: Report of a WHO Consultation.

Part I: Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Geneva: World Health Organization. Assessed on January 26, Skip to content Obesity Prevention Source.

Obesity Prevention Source Menu. Search for:. Home Obesity Definition Why Use BMI? Waist Size Matters Measuring Obesity Obesity Trends Child Obesity Adult Obesity Obesity Consequences Health Risks Economic Costs Obesity Causes Genes Are Not Destiny Prenatal and Early Life Influences Food and Diet Physical Activity Sleep Toxic Food Environment Environmental Barriers to Activity Globalization Obesity Prevention Strategies Families Early Child Care Schools Health Care Worksites Healthy Food Environment Healthy Activity Environment Healthy Weight Checklist Resources and Links About Us Contact Us.

How Abdominal Fat Increases Disease Risk More than 60 years ago, the French physician Jean Vague observed that people with larger waists had a higher risk of premature cardiovascular disease and death than people who had trimmer waists or carried more of their weight around their hips and thighs.

The two most common ways to measure abdominal obesity are waist circumference and waist size compared to hip size, also known as the waist-to-hip ratio. Several organizations have defined cut-points for abdominal obesity around one or both of these measurements, with different cut-points for men and women see table.

After 16 years, women who had reported the highest waist sizes — 35 inches or higher —had nearly double the risk of dying from heart disease, compared to women who had reported the lowest waist sizes less than 28 inches. The risks increased steadily with every added inch around the waist.

Infor example, a combined analysis of fifteen prospective cohort studies found that waist-to-hip ratio and waist circumference were both associated with CVD risk and were no different from each other in predicting CVD risk. American Heart Association, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute

: Waist circumference and body fat distribution

Language selection	It releases fatty acids, inflammatory agents, and hormones that ultimately lead to higher LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, blood glucose, and blood pressure. Scientists have long debated which measure of abdominal fat is the best predictor of health risk: Waist size alone or waist-to-hip ratio. The research to date has been mixed. But adding up the evidence from multiple studies suggests that both methods do an equally good job of predicting health risks. In practice, it is easier to measure and interpret waist circumference than it is to measure both waist and hip. That makes waist circumference the better choice for many settings. Vague J. La differentiation sexuelle. Press Med. Ohlson LO, Larsson B, Svardsudd K, et al. The influence of body fat distribution on the incidence of diabetes mellitus. Larsson B, Svardsudd K, Welin L, Wilhelmsen L, Bjorntorp P, Tibblin G. Abdominal adipose tissue distribution, obesity, and risk of cardiovascular disease and death: 13 year follow up of participants in the study of men born in Br Med J Clin Res Ed. Zhang C, Rexrode KM, van Dam RM, Li TY, Hu FB. Abdominal obesity and the risk of all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality: sixteen years of follow-up in US women. Zhang X, Shu XO, Yang G, et al. Body Mass Index BMI and waist circumference are screening tools to estimate weight status in relation to potential disease risk. However, BMI and waist circumference are not diagnostic tools for disease risks. A trained healthcare provider should perform other health assessments to evaluate disease risk and diagnose disease status. A high BMI can indicate high body fatness, and a low BMI can indicate too low body fatness. To calculate your BMI, see the BMI Calculator. Or determine your BMI by finding your height and weight in this BMI Index Chart. Weight that is higher than what is considered as a healthy weight for a given height is described as overweight or obese. Weight that is lower than what is considered as healthy for a given height is described as underweight. At an individual level, BMI can be used as a screening tool but is not diagnostic of the body fatness or health of an individual. Height and weight must be measured to calculate BMI. It is most accurate to measure height in meters and weight in kilograms. However, the BMI formula has been adapted for height measured in inches and weight measured in pounds. For more, see About Adult BMI. Another way to estimate your potential disease risk is to measure your waist circumference. Excessive abdominal fat may be serious because it places you at greater risk for developing obesity-related conditions, such as Type 2 Diabetes, high blood pressure, and coronary artery disease. Your waistline may be telling you that you have a higher risk of developing obesity-related conditions if you are 1 :. Waist circumference can be used as a screening tool but is not diagnostic of the body fatness or health of an individual. Females have more fat mass, which is needed for reproduction and, in part, is a consequence of different levels of hormones. The optimal fat content of a female is between 20 and 30 percent of her total weight and for a male is between 12 and 20 percent. Fat mass can be measured in a variety of ways. The simplest and lowest-cost way is the skin-fold test. A health professional uses a caliper to measure the thickness of skin on the back, arm, and other parts of the body and compares it to standards to assess body fatness. It is a noninvasive and fairly accurate method of measuring fat mass, but similar to BMI, is compared to standards of mostly young to middle-aged adults. Other methods of measuring fat mass are more expensive and more technically challenging. They include:. Total body-fat mass is one predictor of health; another is how the fat is distributed in the body. You may have heard that fat on the hips is better than fat in the belly—this is true. Fat can be found in different areas in the body and it does not all act the same, meaning it differs physiologically based on location. Fat deposited in the abdominal cavity is called visceral fat and it is a better predictor of disease risk than total fat mass. Visceral fat releases hormones and inflammatory factors that contribute to disease risk. The only tool required for measuring visceral fat is a measuring tape. The measurement of waist circumference is taken just above the belly button. Men with a waist circumference greater than 40 inches and women with a waist circumference greater than 35 inches are predicted to face greater health risks. The waist-to-hip ratio is often considered a better measurement than waist circumference alone in predicting disease risk. To calculate your waist-to-hip ratio, use a measuring tape to measure your waist circumference and then measure your hip circumference at its widest part.
Measuring Obesity | Obesity Prevention Source | Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health	Total and visceral adipose-tissue volumes derived from measurements with computed tomography in adult men and women: predictive equations Am J Clin Nutr 48 : — Abdominal diameters as indicators of visceral fat: comparison between magnetic resonance imaging and anthropometry Br J Nutr 70 : 47— Fujimoto WY, Bergstrom RW, Boyko EJ et al. Visceral fat releases hormones and inflammatory factors that contribute to disease risk. Cross-section of the abdomen in which subcutaneous and visceral fat can be distinguished.
Body composition of adults, 2012 to 2013	More metrics information. Distribuhion EB, Stampfer MJ, Giovannucci E et al. A number circumferennce measures have been Natural pre-workout as Fasting and autophagy benefits for evaluating fat distribution. Waist circumference and body fat distribution body-fat mass is one predictor of circumfereence another Waist circumference and body fat distribution how the fat is distributed in the body. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript. Waist circumference and abdominal sagittal diameter: best simple anthropometric indexes of abdominal visceral adipose tissue accumulation and related cardiovascular risk in men and women. Researchers have found that excessive belly fat decreases insulin sensitivity, making it easier to develop type II diabetes.

View Improving concentration in children most recent version. Information Waisr Waist circumference and body fat distribution disstribution is provided for dlstribution, research or recordkeeping purposes. It is not subject distribugion the Government of Canada Web Standards and has not been Boost memory retention or updated fxt it was archived. Circumefrence " contact us " to request Wist Waist circumference and body fat distribution other than those available. Body composition is an important indicator of the health of individuals and populations. Excess body weight is associated with an increased risk of numerous health problems including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea, osteoarthritis, many types of cancer including breast, colorectal and pancreaticcardiovascular disease coronary heart disease and strokeNote 1Note 2 and reduced mental well-being. Note 3 Excess abdominal fat fat around the waist and upper body has a greater association with health risks than fat located in the hip and thigh areas.

Waist circumference and body fat distribution -

Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Daniels SR, et al. International Diabetes Federation. The IDF consensus worldwide definition of metabolic syndrome. World Health Organization. Definition, Diagnosis, and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications: Report of a WHO Consultation.

Part I: Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Geneva: World Health Organization. Assessed on January 26, Skip to content Obesity Prevention Source. Obesity Prevention Source Menu.

Search for:. Home Obesity Definition Why Use BMI? Waist Size Matters Measuring Obesity Obesity Trends Child Obesity Adult Obesity Obesity Consequences Health Risks Economic Costs Obesity Causes Genes Are Not Destiny Prenatal and Early Life Influences Food and Diet Physical Activity Sleep Toxic Food Environment Environmental Barriers to Activity Globalization Obesity Prevention Strategies Families Early Child Care Schools Health Care Worksites Healthy Food Environment Healthy Activity Environment Healthy Weight Checklist Resources and Links About Us Contact Us.

How Abdominal Fat Increases Disease Risk More than 60 years ago, the French physician Jean Vague observed that people with larger waists had a higher risk of premature cardiovascular disease and death than people who had trimmer waists or carried more of their weight around their hips and thighs.

The two most common ways to measure abdominal obesity are waist circumference and waist size compared to hip size, also known as the waist-to-hip ratio. Several organizations have defined cut-points for abdominal obesity around one or both of these measurements, with different cut-points for men and women see table.

After 16 years, women who had reported the highest waist sizes — 35 inches or higher —had nearly double the risk of dying from heart disease, compared to women who had reported the lowest waist sizes less than 28 inches. Eur J Clin Nutr ; 43 : — Visser M, van den Heuvel E, Deurenberg P.

Prediction equations for the estimation of body composition in the elderly using anthropometric data. Br J Nutr ; 71 : — Hughes VA, Roubenoff R, Wood M, Frontera WR, Evans WJ, Fiatarone Singh MA. Anthropometric assessment of y changes in body composition in the elderly.

Am J Clin Nutr ; 80 : — Carmelli D, McElroy MR, Rosenman RH. Longitudinal changes in fat distribution in the Western Collaborative Group Study: a year follow-up. Int J Obes ; 15 : 67 — Svendsen OL, Hassager C, Christiansen C.

Age- and menopause-associated variations in body composition and fat distribution in healthy women as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Metabolism ; 44 : — Chumlea WC, Roche AF, Webb P. Body size, subcutaneous fatness and total body fat in older adults. Int J Obes ; 8 : — Harris TB, Visser M, Everhart J et al.

Waist circumference and sagittal diameter reflect total body fat better than visceral fat in older men and women. The Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. Ann N Y Acad Sci ; : — Seidell JC, Oosterlee A, Deurenberg P, Hautvast JG, Ruijs JH. Abdominal fat depots measured with computed tomography: effects of degree of obesity, sex, and age.

Eur J Clin Nutr ; 42 : — Han TS, McNeill G, Seidell JC, Lean ME. Predicting intra-abdominal fatness from anthropometric measures: the influence of stature. Stanforth PR, Jackson AS, Green JS et al.

Generalized abdominal visceral fat prediction models for black and white adults aged 17—65 y: the HERITAGE Family Study. Iwao S, Iwao N, Muller DC, Elahi D, Shimokata H, Andres R.

Effect of aging on the relationship between multiple risk factors and waist circumference. J Am Geriatr Soc ; 48 : — Molarius A, Seidell JC, Visscher TL, Hofman A. Misclassification of high-risk older subjects using waist action levels established for young and middle-aged adults—results from the Rotterdam Study.

Deurenberg P, Deurenberg-Yap M, Guricci S. Rush E, Plank L, Chandu V et al. Body size, body composition, and fat distribution: a comparison of young New Zealand men of European, Pacific Island, and Asian Indian ethnicities.

N Z Med J ; : U Wildman RP, Gu D, Reynolds K, Duan X, He J. Appropriate body mass index and waist circumference cutoffs for categorization of overweight and central adiposity among Chinese adults. Zhou BF. Predictive values of body mass index and waist circumference for risk factors of certain related diseases in Chinese adults—study on optimal cut-off points of body mass index and waist circumference in Chinese adults.

Biomed Environ Sci ; 15 : 83 — Vikram NK, Misra A, Pandey RM et al. Anthropometry and body composition in northern Asian Indian patients with type 2 diabetes: receiver operating characteristics ROC curve analysis of body mass index with percentage body fat as standard.

Diabetes Nutr Metab ; 16 : 32 — World Health Organization Expert Consultation. Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies.

Lancet ; : — McKeigue PM, Shah B, Marmot MG. Relation of central obesity and insulin resistance with high diabetes prevalence and cardiovascular risk in South Asians. Raji A, Seely EW, Arky RA, Simonson DC. Body fat distribution and insulin resistance in healthy Asian Indians and Caucasians.

J Clin Endocrinol Metab ; 86 : — Banerji MA, Lebowitz J, Chaiken RL, Gordon D, Kral JG, Lebovitz HE. Relationship of visceral adipose tissue and glucose disposal is independent of sex in black NIDDM subjects.

Am J Physiol ; : E — Conway JM, Yanovski SZ, Avila NA, Hubbard VS. Visceral adipose tissue differences in black and white women. Am J Clin Nutr ; 61 : — Yanovski JA, Yanovski SZ, Filmer KM et al.

Differences in body composition of black and white girls. Hoffman DJ, Wang Z, Gallagher D, Heymsfield SB. Comparison of visceral adipose tissue mass in adult African-Americans and whites.

Obes Res ; 13 : 66 — Albu JB, Murphy L, Frager DH, Johnson JA, Pi-Sunyer FX. Visceral fat and race-dependent health risks in obese nondiabetic premenopausal women. Diabetes ; 46 : — Bacha F, Saad R, Gungor N, Janosky J, Arslanian SA. Obesity, regional fat distribution, and syndrome X in obese black versus white adolescents: race differential in diabetogenic and atherogenic risk factors.

J Clin Endocrinol Metab ; 88 : — Liese AD, Doring A, Hense HW, Keil U. Five year changes in waist circumference, body mass index and obesity in Augsburg, Germany. Eur J Nutr ; 40 : — McCarthy HD, Ellis SM, Cole TJ. Central overweight and obesity in British youth aged years: cross sectional surveys of waist circumference.

BMJ ; : Lissner L, Bjorkelund C, Heitmann BL, Lapidus L, Bjorntorp P, Bengtsson C. Secular increases in waist—hip ratio among Swedish women. Lahti-Koski M, Pietinen P, Mannisto S, Vartiainen E. Trends in waist-to-hip ratio and its determinants in adults in Finland from to Am J Clin Nutr ; 72 : — Berg C, Rosengren A, Aires N et al.

Trends in overweight and obesity from to in Goteborg, West Sweden. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord ; 29 : — Visscher TL, Seidell JC. Time trends — and seasonal variation in body mass index and waist circumference in the Netherlands. Okosun IS, Chandra KM, Boev A et al.

Abdominal adiposity in U. adults: prevalence and trends, — Prev Med ; 39 : — Visscher TL, Seidell JC, Molarius A, van der Kuip D, Hofman A, Witteman JC. A comparison of body mass index, waist-hip ratio and waist circumference as predictors of all-cause mortality among the elderly: the Rotterdam study.

Woo J, Ho SC, Yu AL, Sham A. Is waist circumference a useful measure in predicting health outcomes in the elderly? Does waist circumference add to the predictive power of the body mass index for coronary risk?

Reeder BA, Senthilselvan A, Despres JP et al. The association of cardiovascular disease risk factors with abdominal obesity in Canada. Canadian Heart Health Surveys Research Group. Cmaj ; Suppl. Wei M, Gaskill SP, Haffner SM, Stern MP. Obes Res ; 5 : 16 — Rissanen P, Hamalainen P, Vanninen E, Tenhunen-Eskelinen M, Uusitupa M.

Relationship of metabolic variables to abdominal adiposity measured by different anthropometric measurements and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in obese middle-aged women.

Dalton M, Cameron AJ, Zimmet PZ et al. Waist circumference, waist-hip ratio and body mass index and their correlation with cardiovascular disease risk factors in Australian adults. Rexrode KM, Buring JE, Manson JE. Abdominal and total adiposity and risk of coronary heart disease in men.

Riserus U, Arnlov J, Brismar K, Zethelius B, Berglund L, Vessby B. Sagittal abdominal diameter is a strong anthropometric marker of insulin resistance and hyperproinsulinemia in obese men. Valsamakis G, Chetty R, Anwar A, Banerjee AK, Barnett A, Kumar S.

Association of simple anthropometric measures of obesity with visceral fat and the metabolic syndrome in male Caucasian and Indo-Asian subjects. Diabet Med ; 21 : — Ohrvall M, Berglund L, Vessby B. Sagittal abdominal diameter compared with other anthropometric measurements in relation to cardiovascular risk.

Frayn KN. Visceral fat and insulin resistance—causative or correlative? Br J Nutr ; 83 Suppl. Goodpaster BH, Thaete FL, Simoneau JA, Kelley DE. Subcutaneous abdominal fat and thigh muscle composition predict insulin sensitivity independently of visceral fat. Abate N, Garg A, Peshock RM, Stray-Gundersen J, Grundy SM.

Relationships of generalized and regional adiposity to insulin sensitivity in men. J Clin Invest ; 96 : 88 — Tanko LB, Bagger YZ, Alexandersen P, Larsen PJ, Christiansen C. Peripheral adiposity exhibits an independent dominant antiatherogenic effect in elderly women.

Circulation ; : — Van Pelt RE, Evans EM, Schechtman KB, Ehsani AA, Kohrt WM. Contributions of total and regional fat mass to risk for cardiovascular disease in older women. Seidell JC, Visscher TL, Hoogeveen RT. Overweight and obesity in the mortality rate data: current evidence and research issues.

Med Sci Sports Exerc ; 31 : S — Solomon CG, Manson JE. Obesity and mortality: a review of the epidemiologic data. Am J Clin Nutr ; 66 : S —S. Allison DB, Faith MS, Heo M, Kotler DP.

Hypothesis concerning the U-shaped relation between body mass index and mortality. Heitmann BL, Erikson H, Ellsinger BM, Mikkelsen KL, Larsson B. Mortality associated with body fat, fat-free mass and body mass index among year-old swedish men-a year follow-up.

The study of men born in Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord ; 24 : 33 — Calle EE, Thun MJ, Petrelli JM, Rodriguez C, Heath CW Jr.

Body-mass index and mortality in a prospective cohort of U. N Engl J Med ; : — Bigaard J, Tjonneland A, Thomsen BL, Overvad K, Heitmann BL, Sorensen TI. Waist circumference, BMI, smoking, and mortality in middle-aged men and women.

Bengtsson C, Bjorkelund C, Lapidus L, Lissner L. Associations of serum lipid concentrations and obesity with mortality in women: 20 year follow up of participants in prospective population study in Gothenburg, Sweden.

Filipovsky J, Ducimetiere P, Darne B, Richard JL. Abdominal body mass distribution and elevated blood pressure are associated with increased risk of death from cardiovascular diseases and cancer in middle-aged men. The results of a to year follow-up in the Paris prospective study I. Seidell JC, Andres R, Sorkin JD, Muller DC.

The sagittal waist diameter and mortality in men: the Baltimore Longitudinal Study on Aging. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord ; 18 : 61 — Bigaard J, Frederiksen K, Tjonneland A et al. Waist and hip circumferences and all-cause mortality: usefulness of the waist-to-hip ratio?

Oppert JM, Charles MA, Thibult N, Guy-Grand B, Eschwege E, Ducimetiere P. Anthropometric estimates of muscle and fat mass in relation to cardiac and cancer mortality in men: the Paris Prospective Study.

Am J Clin Nutr ; 75 : — Lahmann PH, Lissner L, Gullberg B, Berglund G. A prospective study of adiposity and all-cause mortality: the Malmo Diet and Cancer Study. Obes Res ; 10 : — Waist circumference and body composition in relation to all-cause mortality in middle-aged men and women.

Stevens J, Keil JE, Rust PF et al. Body mass index and body girths as predictors of mortality in black and white men. Stevens J, Keil JE, Rust PF, Tyroler HA, Davis CE, Gazes PC.

Body mass index and body girths as predictors of mortality in black and white women. Reaven GM. Banting Lecture Role of insulin resistance in human disease. Nutrition ; 13 : 65 ; discussion 64, McGarry JD. Banting lecture dysregulation of fatty acid metabolism in the etiology of type 2 diabetes.

Diabetes ; 51 : 7 — Arner P. Insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes: role of fatty acids. Diabetes Metab Res Rev ; 18 Suppl.

Jensen MD, Haymond MW, Rizza RA, Cryer PE, Miles JM. Influence of body fat distribution on free fatty acid metabolism in obesity.

J Clin Invest ; 83 : — Ravussin E, Smith SR. Increased fat intake, impaired fat oxidation, and failure of fat cell proliferation result in ectopic fat storage, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Tiikkainen M, Tamminen M, Hakkinen AM et al. Liver-fat accumulation and insulin resistance in obese women with previous gestational diabetes. Seppala-Lindroos A, Vehkavaara S, Hakkinen AM et al. Fat accumulation in the liver is associated with defects in insulin suppression of glucose production and serum free fatty acids independent of obesity in normal men.

J Clin Endocrinol Metab ; 87 : — Goodpaster BH, Thaete FL, Kelley DE. Thigh adipose tissue distribution is associated with insulin resistance in obesity and in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Clin Nutr ; 71 : — Nielsen S, Guo Z, Johnson CM, Hensrud DD, Jensen MD. Splanchnic lipolysis in human obesity.

J Clin Invest ; : — Despres JP, Lemieux S, Lamarche B et al. The insulin resistance-dyslipidemic syndrome: contribution of visceral obesity and therapeutic implications. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord ; 19 Suppl. Bjorntorp P. Arteriosclerosis ; 10 : — Barzilai N, She L, Liu BQ et al.

Surgical removal of visceral fat reverses hepatic insulin resistance. Diabetes ; 48 : 94 — Gabriely I, Ma XH, Yang XM et al. Removal of visceral fat prevents insulin resistance and glucose intolerance of aging: an adipokine-mediated process?

Diabetes ; 51 : — Thorne A, Lonnqvist F, Apelman J, Hellers G, Arner P. A pilot study of long-term effects of a novel obesity treatment: omentectomy in connection with adjustable gastric banding. Gonzalez-Ortiz M, Robles-Cervantes JA, Cardenas-Camarena L, Bustos-Saldana R, Martinez-Abundis E.

The effects of surgically removing subcutaneous fat on the metabolic profile and insulin sensitivity in obese women after large-volume liposuction treatment. Horm Metab Res ; 34 : — Giugliano G, Nicoletti G, Grella E et al.

Effect of liposuction on insulin resistance and vascular inflammatory markers in obese women. Br J Plast Surg ; 57 : — Klein S, Fontana L, Young VL et al.

Absence of an effect of liposuction on insulin action and risk factors for coronary heart disease. Esposito K, Giugliano G, Giugliano D. Metabolic effects of liposuction—yes or no? N Engl J Med ; : —57; author reply — Kelley DE, Thaete FL, Troost F, Huwe T, Goodpaster BH.

Subdivisions of subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue and insulin resistance. Monzon JR, Basile R, Heneghan S, Udupi V, Green A. Lipolysis in adipocytes isolated from deep and superficial subcutaneous adipose tissue.

Adipose tissue as a buffer for daily lipid flux. Diabetologia ; 45 : — Rebuffe-Scrive M, Enk L, Crona N et al. Having more fat mass may be indicative of disease risk, but fat mass also varies with sex, age, and physical activity level.

Females have more fat mass, which is needed for reproduction and, in part, is a consequence of different levels of hormones. The optimal fat content of a female is between 20 and 30 percent of her total weight and for a male is between 12 and 20 percent.

Fat mass can be measured in a variety of ways. The simplest and lowest-cost way is the skin-fold test. A health professional uses a caliper to measure the thickness of skin on the back, arm, and other parts of the body and compares it to standards to assess body fatness.

It is a noninvasive and fairly accurate method of measuring fat mass, but similar to BMI, is compared to standards of mostly young to middle-aged adults. Other methods of measuring fat mass are more expensive and more technically challenging. They include:. Total body-fat mass is one predictor of health; another is how the fat is distributed in the body.

You may have heard that fat on the hips is better than fat in the belly—this is true. Fat can be found in different areas in the body and it does not all act the same, meaning it differs physiologically based on location.

Fat deposited in the abdominal cavity is called visceral fat and it is a better predictor of disease risk than total fat mass.

Visceral fat releases hormones and inflammatory factors that contribute to disease risk. The only tool required for measuring visceral fat is a measuring tape.

The measurement of waist circumference is taken just above the belly button. Men with a waist circumference greater than cm 40 inches and women with a waist circumference greater than 88 cm 35 inches are predicted to face greater health risks.

The waist-to-hip ratio is often considered a better measurement than waist circumference alone in predicting disease risk.

You probably focus on how disgribution you have, but another aspect worth paying attention to is circummference distribution — or ad you Waist circumference and body fat distribution it. Turns out, there are certain places where having excess fat could be problematic. And there are other places where it might not be that big of a deal. How can you tell the difference? You have plenty of say over your total amount of body fat.