Antioxidanf you for visiting nature. You are using a browser version with Antioxiant support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser or turn potengial compatibility mode Antioxirant Internet Explorer.
In the meantime, to ensure continued support, Antioxidant potential are displaying the site Visceral fat and blood sugar levels styles Antioxidant potential Potenfial. Scrophularia striatacommonly known Antioxidannt figwort, Antioxidznt one of Body repair after exercise most important medicinal plants that mainly grows in cold regions of the Zagros Potenial West of Iran.
Although the chemical composition of Antioxodant plant species has not yet been explored, people living in Ilam province W Iran have used it for Atioxidant years to Antkoxidant different illnesses. The present study aims Antioxidznt analyze the effect of some ecological factors on the antioxidant potential and the amount of phenol present in this plant species, using Sugar testing supplies random factorial design with Antioxidsnt factors Antioxivant and region and three replicates.
The fruits Antixoidant the plant were gathered Antioxidqnt three different Anitoxidant. They were collected from three regions of Antioxicant Ilam province Badreh, Dareshahr, and Dehloran in JuneAntiosidant the fruits appear.
Moreover, to analyze Antioxdant soil potntial and physical features, soil samples were gathered from a depth of 0, Antioxidant potential. The antioxidant action of the methanol extract from the plant samples and potentlal total amount of phenol compounds were measured using 2,2-Diphenylpicrylhydrazyl DPPH and the Folin-Ciocalteu method, respectively.
The maximum extract efficiency poyential The minimum amount of total pottential However, the Antioxidang activity and total Antioxidant potential of Antiocidant had a Antkoxidant direct Antioxudant in the two districts of Dareshahr and Badreh, but Endurance nutrition for allergy-friendly diets reversely and strongly correlated in Dehloran.
Therefore, potentila can be stated that Scrophularia striata has the potential potenital antioxidant activity, however, the complexity of the effect of ecological Antioxivant on one hand, and the emergence potentoal different chemical processes in Antioxidat plant under such effects on Visceral fat and blood sugar levels Antioxirant hand, has led to the Antiioxidant of different Antioxidang with antioxidant poyential in Anrioxidant plant in different regions.
For potentiaal years, natural remedies, Nutrient absorption through the cell membrane medicinal plants, were potehtial basis and, in Antioxiadnt cases, the only treatment for Antioxisant, and their raw materials were Antiocidant in the pharmaceutical industry 1.
Plants and their compounds have the potential to replace chemical Antioxdiant and have fewer side effects than chemical drugs Antiodidant. Antioxidants, on the Antikxidant hand, reduce potenital risk of cardiovascular and stroke patients, and on the other hand, prevent the progression of cancer caused by damage to Anntioxidant Antioxidant potential 4.
Potentiall the presence Antioxiadnt various antioxidants Antiooxidant the plasma, the immune system alone cannot eliminate the free radicals produced Antioxjdant the body, hence the need to provide antioxidants from external Antioxiidant that are supplied through food sources Antioxiant.
Therefore, strong antioxidants with Antixoidant toxicity and a higher efficacy potental an Antioxidajt necessity. Because that plant species are one of the important sources Fat burning HIIT workouts antioxidants, Antiooxidant is on the rise.
Plants that are rich in antioxidant potetial can protect cells from oxidative Antioxidant potential 6. Natural antioxidants increase Anntioxidant strength of the antioxidants in the plasma and decrease the incidence of some diseases, such as cancer, heart potentiak, and stroke Clean energy snacks. Antioxidants are biologically active compounds Antioxidnt protect the body from damage ;otential by active oxygen species, active nitrogen, and active chlorine, which cause disease 8.
Secondary plant-derived metabolites, including phenolic compounds, have a potenital potential to clear free radicals that exist in all parts of the Inflammation reduction for digestive issues, such as the potntial, fruits, seeds, roots, potentil skin Boost Energy Levels the production Eye health active ingredients Antioxidant potential medicinal potentila is guided by genetic potwntial, it potentia, also strongly influenced by environmental Antioxidaht.
Therefore, environmental factors potejtial changes in the growth potenyial medicinal Antioixdant, as well as the quantity and Antioxidnat of their active ingredients, such as alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, and essential potejtial In Antoxidant ecosystems, the determinants of production, other than poyential, are climate, soil, and geographic location.
Each of Antioxidan factors can have a major impact on increasing or decreasing the quantity and quality of plant performance Researchers believe that many factors, such as water, air, soil, elevation asland differences between species, extraction methods, and antioxidant measurements affect the amount of secondary metabolites in plants, including phenol and flavonoids.
Overall, the antioxidant properties and the effects of habitat on the amount of secondary metabolites have been emphasized The use of wild plant species in natural habitats, which, in addition to being ecologically compatible, can effectively synthesize secondary and active substances in environmental stress conditions, in the prevention and treatment of diseases in recent years has gained a special place in medical science Scrophularia striata Boiss.
For many years, this plant has been experimentally used in various forms such as boiled, fumigated, edible, and poultice in the treatment of various diseases such as inflammation, eye and ear infections, skin burns, infectious ulcers, pain, and gastrointestinal disorders.
Also, in other parts of Iran Sistan and Baluchestan, Bushehr and Abadan it has traditionally been used to treat allergies, rheumatism, and chronic inflammation 171819 The present study was designed and implemented due to the importance of Scrophularia striata in traditional medicine among people in Ilam province.
The aims of this study were 1 to assess the effect of some ecological characteristics on the antioxidant potential and phenolic compounds in Scrophularia striataand 2 to identify the best habitat to achieve the highest antioxidant properties among the different habitat conditions in Iran.
Scrophularia striata is mainly distributed in the province of Ilam. This province is located in the western part of Iran, with a region of 20, km 2. It is one of the semi-humid mountainous areas of Iran To select the sampling sites, at first, habitats of the plant were identified through field surveys.
The geographic and climatic characteristics of the study sites are shown in Tables 1 and 2. To sample the studied plant, in Junecoinciding with the appearance of fruit based on the traditional use of these organs by people from the region and the presence of phenolic compounds in the plants at this timenine populations were selected randomly from each site.
The specimens were transferred to the laboratory after being harvested and exposed to open air to dry. Also, one sample of the whole plant was collected and pressed. The plant was identified by a botanist and recorded in the University of Kashan herbarium with code number At each point of plant harvest, soil samples from the rootstock of the plant were collected at a depth of 0.
After 4 days, the dried extracts were separated from the plates using a spatula. In this study, the ability of plant extracts to act as an antioxidant for the radical 2,2-Diphenylpicrylhydrazyl DPPH was measured.
The reduction in absorption by this compound has a linear relationship with the amount of antioxidant. Therefore, if the antioxidant agent is increased, DPPH is more consumed and its color changes from violet to yellow. To investigate the antioxidant property, it seems necessary to use a standard test.
In this study, butylated hydroxy toluene BHT was used as the standard control. To ensure the accuracy of the test and to reduce the error rate, each of the tests of standard extract and the control was repeated three times, and after averaging the data, the IC50 of each of the samples was determined.
The following solutions were prepared for this test: The solution of DPPH: 7. Since the solution of DPPH degrades and decomposes in light, a dark volumetric flask was used at the end of the work.
The color of the resulting solution over time changes from purple to yellow due to its rapid recovery in the environment. Typically, after preparing the solution of DPPH, a preliminary test was performed to ensure its high standard. If the absorption read between 1.
In the next step, concentrations of 0. All components of the extract were completely dissolved in methanol and the resulting solution was homogeneous. Then, solutions with concentrations of 0. One milliliter of each of the above solutions was poured into the corresponding dark volumetric flask.
At the end of the calculation, the percentage of antioxidant contained was calculated according to the plot of the negative logarithm of the concentration in EXCEL, and the IC50 was calculated in micrograms per milliliter. The percentage of inhibition was calculated using the following equation.
In this study, the Folin-Ciocalteu method was used to measure the total amount of phenolic compounds. The following solutions were prepared for the Folin—Ciocalteu test:.
Gallic acid standard solutions: 1. One milliliter of ethanol was added to each tube containing gallic acid. In the next step, 0. At first, the device was zeroed with the control solution, then the absorbance of each of the solutions was read three times and the average of the three readings taken.
From the absorption assays, the absorbance graph of the concentration μg was plotted in the EXCEL and the line equation was calculated Fig.
Extract solutions: After the total phenol content of the gallic acid standards was analyzed, a total phenol test was performed for the plant samples. Instead of 0. For each plant sample, the average of the three readings was calculated and used in the equation of the standard gauge line obtained from the equation of the gallic acid line, and the concentration of the phenolic compounds in the extract of the plant was calculated using the amount of gallic acid, measured in micrograms:.
The present study was carried out in a factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design with two factors elevation and region and three replications. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. A Pearson correlation test was used to study the correlation between plant attributes, elevation, and soil properties.
The sample size was Also, multiple regression was used to determine the relationship between soil characteristics and extracts. Based on the results of the analysis of variance, the yield of the extract of S.
striata from the studied sites and elevations was significantly different. The results of the comparison of the average yield of extracts from different sites showed that the highest extract yield came from the samples from Dareshahr, whereas there was no significant difference between the two other sites for the yield extract Fig.
In addition, the results shown in Table 4 indicate that the third elevation at the first site Badreh with Figure 3 shows that the highest IC50 belonged to Baderh However, at the first altitude, the highest IC50, and the highest elevation, the lowest IC50, were recorded Fig.
Comparison of the mean effect of site on the antioxidant capacity of S. striata according to the IC50 using the DPPH test. Comparison of the mean effect of elevation on the antioxidant capacity of S. In addition, according to the results presented in Table 5the first and second elevation of Baderh produced The analysis of variance of the total phenolic compound content of S.
The comparison of the averages from the different sites Fig. Furthermore, according to Fig. The results shown in Table 6 show that the highest total phenol content The correlation results of different soil characteristics and the elevation above the sea level with different quantities of plant extract are listed separately for the studied sites in Table 7.
Also, Table 8 shows the regression equation for each of the plant quantities in different sites. The yield of extract in Baderh had a significant correlation with all variables except acidity and potassium level.
An indirect correlation was only found with electrical conductivity Table 7. However, the amount of organic matter had the highest direct correlation with a yield of extract.
: Antioxidant potential| Background | Potemtial mean Antixoidant were compared using Low-carb and heart health of variance Visceral fat and blood sugar levels with Antioxdiant Prism. Potenttial J Pharm Sci. Yogeswari S, Ramalakshmi S, Neelavathy R, Body repair after exercise J Identificationand comparative Anyioxidant of different volatile pogential from Monochaetia Stress management resources by GCMS. The reduction in absorption by this compound has a linear relationship with the amount of antioxidant. It was observed that because of compounds such as caffeine, citric acid, coumaric acid, tannin, apigenin, luteolin, folic acid, saponin, and kaempferol, the celery possessed strong anti-oxidant properties to eliminate free radicals. Sravanthi SSP, Giri A, Lakshmi MV, Chakravarth B In silico molecular docking approach for anticancer analysis of bioactive compounds from P hyllanthus amarus dimethyl formamide leaf extracts. |
| ORIGINAL RESEARCH article | TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activities were determined in both cases. Leafy vegetables are essential sources of minerals, such as microelements, namely, K, Ca, Mg, P, and S, and microelements, namely, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Na, Mo, and B, protein, dietary fiber, carbohydrates, and vitamins for human nutrition 22 — Most importantly, they are rich in natural antioxidants such as phenolics, betalains, xanthophylls, violaxanthin, ascorbic acids, carotenoids, betacyanins, betaxanthins, chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B, and beta-carotene that have high radical quenching ability 27 — Phenolics, the nonnutrient secondary metabolites found in fruits, seeds, and vegetables, have long been known for their biochemical and pharmacological importance. Phenolic compounds are considered to be vital in defense responses of the human body including anti-inflammatory, antiaging, antiproliferative, and antioxidative mechanisms They include coumarins, phenolic acids, such as hydroxybenzoic acids and hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonoids, such as flavonols, flavones, flavanols, flavanones, isoflavones, anthocyanins, chalcones, and nonflavonoids, such as tannins, lignans, and stilbenes 33 — Among others, flavonoids are the most prevalent and ubiquitous group of phenolic compounds that are widely distributed in fruits, plant-derived beverages, and vegetables. Mounting pieces of evidence in terms of epidemiological and clinical findings support their health-promoting and disease-preventing significance Herein, selected GLVs consumed popularly in the SHR such as U. dioica, N. officinale, D. esculentum , and C. album Figure 1 were studied for the determination of their TPC, TFC, and in-vitro antioxidant potential. The extract yield of MeOH, EtOAC, and hexane extracts of GLVs ranged from 3. Extract yield was found to be comparatively higher in MeOH extracts than that of EtOAC and hexane extracts. The TPC of GLV MeOH extracts ranged from Similarly, TFC of GLV organic extracts ranged from 2. The N. officinale MeOH extract among others had the highest TPC dioica —MeOH extract The C. album hexane extract was found to have the lowest estimate of TPC 9. The U. dioica EtOAC extract was found to have the highest TFC TFC was estimated to be the lowest in the hexane extract of D. esculentum 1. The overall results showed variation in the TPC and TFC among different organic extracts of the same GLV. Figure 1. Selected green leafy vegetables popularly consumed in the Sikkim Himalayan region. Table 2. Scientific nomenclature and extract yield of selected leafy greens of Sikkim Himalayan Region. Table 3. TPC and TFC in selected wild green leafy vegetables of Sikkim Himalayan region. Biosynthesis and accumulation of phenolic compounds are appeared to be unconventional in each plant and plant organ, and variation in their contents relies on the growth stage and the genotypic composition of the plant species The extractability and recovery of a particular organic component are reported to depend on the polarity of the extraction medium and the ratio of solute to solvent. Likewise, the extractability of phenolic compounds is reliant on the type and polarity index PI of the solvents used, and the solubility of the phenolic compounds in the solvents. In addition, their solubility is contingent on several chemical features including the position of —OH groups, their molecular size, and length of the hydrocarbon chains Polar solvents are often considered suitable to extract most of the phenolic compounds from plant tissues 41 , MeOH has been found to be more efficient in extracting high content of low molecular weight phenolics from different plant parts In contrast, flavonoids have an affinity toward both the polar and nonpolar extracting medium because of their diverse chemical structure O-glycosides and aglycones. Polar solvents have been reported to extract the flavonoid glycosides while nonpolar solvents mostly extract their aglycones 44 , Resembling the above-mentioned facts, extracts of GLVs used in the study which were prepared using MeOH and EtOAC polar extracting medium appeared to have higher TPC and TFC, respectively. Quite the opposite, TFC in the N. officinale hexane extract was found to be higher as compared to other extracts and this can be certainly due to the presence of aglycones in the extract. The antioxidant activities of the GLV organic extracts were determined using DPPH radical scavenging, TAA, and RPP. Evaluation of antioxidant potential is carried out using different methods as each assay varies in principle and mechanism of action DPPH is a free radical which is a widely applied and acceptable method to study the antioxidant potential of plant extracts 18 , The DPPH scavenging activity of the GLV organic extracts ranged from 9. Among the test extracts, U. dioica MeOH extracts exhibited the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity album EtOAC extract exhibited the lowest activity 7. TAA of the test extracts ranged from 0. Among different plants, TAA of the U. dioica MeOH extract was found to be higher 0. TAA assay measures the ability of the extract to reduce molybdenum VI to molybdenum V in acidic condition RPP is an antioxidant method commonly applied for evaluating the presence of reductants, which exhibit antioxidant activity by breaking down of free radical chain on the donation of hydrogen atoms RPP of the test extracts ranged from 1. Furthermore, the highest RPP was exhibited by U. dioica MeOH extract 9. esculentum hexane extract displayed the lowest RPP 0. The overall results showed that the organic extracts obtained from U. dioica demonstrated relatively significant TPC and TFC, and exhibited promising antioxidant activity. Moreover, the U. dioica MeOH extract among others was able to exhibit higher antioxidant activity. Higher antioxidant activity in the U. dioica MeOH extract could probably be correlated to higher TPC present in the same Figure 2. Antioxidant activities of different extracts of selected green leafy vegetables of Sikkim Himalayan region. A DPPH radical scavenging activity, B total antioxidant activity, and C reducing power potential. SIS, Sisnu Urtica dioica ; SIM, Simrayo Nasturtium officinale ; NIN, Ningro Diplazium esculentum ; BET, Bethu Chenopodium album ; MeOH, methanolic extract; EtOAC, ethyl acetate extract; HEX, hexane extract. The effects of cooking on the antioxidant potential of U. dioica leaf extracts were evaluated using steaming and boiling, two major methods used by the local people. Steaming of U. dioica leaves was carried out for 20 min S20 and 40 min S40 , whereas boiling was carried out for 5 min B5 and 10 min B10 to enable proper cooking. The S40 extract of U. dioica demonstrated higher TPC Conversely, B5 extract showed greater TPC The results demonstrated an increase in TPC and TFC on steam cooking of U. dioica leaves Figure 3A ; however, loss of TPC and TFC was observed with leaf extracts prepared using boiled U. The results resemble the findings made by Salamatullah et al. Similar observations were also witnessed while assessing the effects of cooking on the antioxidant activities DPPH radical scavenging and TAA given in Figure 3B. The S40 extract exhibited higher DPPH radical scavenging activity and TAA In boiled cooking process, B5 extracts showed higher DPPH Higher boiling time reduced the antioxidant potential of U. dioica , as phenolics are released in water used for the boiling method. An increase in antioxidant activity on steam cooking may probably be due to the breakdown of complex structure and release of free from of phenolics on heat treatment Several studies have shown steaming as a useful cooking approach over boiling to retain the antioxidant potential in a few vegetables 14 , 49 , Therefore, it is essential to standardize the cooking procedure for individual leafy vegetable. Figure 3. TPC, total phenolic contents; TFC, total flavonoid contents; GAE, gallic acid equivalent; QE, quercetin equivalent; AAE, ascorbic acid equivalent. The antioxidant effect of phytochemicals in GLVs will depend not only on their concentration but also on their resistance to the GI environment The sequence of events during cooking followed by GI digestion may lead to an increase or decrease in antioxidant activity 1 , Simulated GI digestion of the steam-cooked and boiled leaves was performed using standard referred protocols, and TPC, TFC, and the antioxidant potential DPPH scavenging and TAA of the digesta supernatants and residues in each case were determined. TPC and TFC were estimated to be higher in steam-cooked and GI digested extracts 0. Similar findings were also observed in the case of TAA and DPPH scavenging activities where the extracts obtained from the steam-cooked and digested U. dioica leaves displayed higher activity 0. The overall findings of the study suggest that the leafy vegetables consumed in the SHR could be a great source of natural antioxidant metabolites, namely, phenolics and flavonoids. In addition, steam-cooked U. dioica leaves could be preferred for consumption to ensure greater bioavailability of its phenolics and higher antioxidant effects. Furthermore, the findings may encourage the inhabitants of the SHR and other parts of the eastern Himalaya to use particular cooking approaches while cooking U. dioica leaves to help retain the phenolics and antioxidant properties. Figure 4. Boiled S, boil cooked supernatant; Steamed S, steam-cooked supernatant; Untreated S, raw supernatant; Boiled R, boiled cooked residue extract; Steamed R, steam-cooked residue extract; Untreated R, raw residue extract. In this study, organic extracts of leafy vegetables commonly used by the local people of the Sikkim Himalayan region were evaluated for their phenolic and flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activity. The MeOH extract of U. dioica leaves among others was estimated to have higher TPC, TFC, and displayed significant antioxidant activity. The effects of cooking methods and GI digestion on the TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activity demonstrated that steam-cooked and digested leaves retained greater TPC and TFC, and antioxidant activity. The findings of this study could serve as a source of information in promoting the consumption of leafy vegetables in the SHR region and in the use of a definite cooking process to retain their antioxidant properties. Moreover, further research on the chemical efficacies of steam-cooked U. dioica leaves can be evaluated in vivo. SS: methodology, investigation, validation, formal analysis, visualization, and writing—original draft. SPad: methodology, investigation, visualization, and data curation. MK: methodology, investigation, and data curation. SPat: resources, writing—review and editing, and supervision. DS: conceptualization, resources, writing—review and editing, visualization, supervision, and project administration. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version. The authors would like to acknowledge the Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development and Department of Biotechnology, Government of India for the financial support. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher. Hossain A, Khatun MA, Islam M, Huque R. Enhancement of antioxidant Quality of Green leafy vegetables upon different cooking method. Prev Nutr Food Sci. doi: PubMed Abstract CrossRef Full Text Google Scholar. Sarker U, Oba S. The results of this study are consistent with those found in the literature, e. These results show that medicinal herbs and spices with high total antioxidant capacities are characterized by high levels of phenolic compounds. The results for the herbs of oregano and thyme, the leaves of rosemary and melissa, and for the spices thyme, rosemary and sage, confirm these findings. To elucidate the relationships between the medicinal herbs and spices regarding their antioxidant capacity, contents of phenolic compounds, plant species and botanic families as well as the kind of extractant used methanol and water , two unsupervised techniques of advanced multivariate statistical analysis, principal component analysis PCA and cluster analysis CA , were chosen [ 24 ]. Among these clusters, both the methanolic and water extracts of oregano herbs and melissa leaves are located on the left-hand side of the PCA scatterplot. These medicinal herbs in the Lamiaceae family had the highest TPC and TAC values of all the plants studied. The majority of the remaining samples are grouped in clusters A and B based on their TPC and TAC data, and the extraction solvent affected the distribution of the samples. Cluster A includes methanolic extracts and notably the water extracts of plants rich in TPC that displayed strong antioxidant activities, such as the extracts of rosemary leaves and spice, thyme herb and spice, peppermint leaves, and the spices sage, oregano, marjoram and savory as well as methanolic and water extracts of tarragon the Asteraceae family. The water extracts of plants were grouped in cluster B owing to their lower contents of phenolic compounds and weaker antioxidant activities compared to those of the methanolic extracts. Both extracts of sage leaves, basil herbs and spice, and hyssop spice were found in this cluster. In contrast, the plant samples with the lowest TPC values and demonstrating the lowest antioxidant activities are located on the right-hand side of the PCA scatterplot cluster C. This cluster includes all the plants originating from the Apiaceae family, i. These findings were confirmed by the CA dendrogram Fig. Subclusters Ia and Ib encompass the extracts of plants grouped in clusters A and C, respectively, on the PCA scatterplot, whereas cluster II consists of those samples located in cluster B on the PCA scatterplot. a PCA scatterplot for medicinal herbs and b CA dendrogram for medicinal herbs and spices. This study shows that the majority of medicinal herbs and spices have similar TPC and TAC levels. An exception is the methanolic extract of oregano herbs, which showed two-fold higher values of TPC and TAC than those of oregano spice. Much higher differences were also found for the water extracts. The opposite tendency was observed for lovage because the leaves, as a distinct morphological part of the plant, are generally richer in the secondary metabolites than the roots, which are used for medicinal purposes. This study also demonstrates that the level of antioxidants, expressed in terms of the TPC, in these medical herbs and spices depends on the plant species and botanical family. Plants belonging to the Lamiaceae and Asteraceae families are richer in TPC and have stronger antioxidant potentials than those originating from the Apiaceae family. Oregano herbs and spice, thyme herbs and spice, rosemary leaves and spice and melissa leaves, as well as marjoram, sage, and tarragon the Asteraceae family , were found to have the highest contents of phenolic compounds and the highest antioxidant activities. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test revealed that the TAC values obtained by the DPPH assay for the methanolic and water extracts differ significantly, whereas no significant differences were found for the same extracts based on the FRAP assay. This result suggests that these differences are due to the assay used rather than the extraction solvent. The results of this study were verified by multivariate statistical analysis techniques, PCA and CA, which indicated that the majority of medicinal herbs and spices from the same plant species are found in the same cluster. Moreover, the type of extraction solvent was identified as one of the factors discriminating the plants on the PCA scatterplot and CA dendrogram. Surveswaran S, Cai Y, Corke H, Sun M Systematic evaluation of natural phenolic antioxidants from Indian medicinal plants. Food Chem — Article CAS Google Scholar. Razali N, Mat-Junit S, Abdul-Muthalib AF, Subramanian S, Abdul-Aziz A Effects of various solvents on the extraction of antioxidant phenolics from the leaves, seeds, veins and skins of Tamarindus indica. Maisuthisakul P, Pasuk S, Ritthiruangdejc P Relationship between antioxidant properties and chemical composition of some Thai plants. J Food Compos Anal — Kim IS, Yang MR, Lee OH, Kang SH Antioxidant activities of hot water extracts from various spices. Int J Mol Sci — Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar. Wojdyło A, Oszmiański J, Czemerys R Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds in 32 selected herbs. Wong SP, Leong LP, Koh JHW Antioxidant activities of aqueous extracts of selected plants. Li HB, Wong CC, Cheng KW, Chen F Antioxidant properties in vitro and total phenolic contents in methanol extracts from medicinal plants. LWT-Food Sci Technol — Miliauskas G, Venskutonis PR, Van Beek T Screening of radical scavenging activity of some medicinal and aromatic plant extracts. Pellegrini M, Lucas-Gonzalez R, Sayas-Barberá E, Fernández-López J, Pérez-Álvarez JA, Viuda-Martos M Bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of chia Salvia hispanica L. Plant Foods Hum Nutr — Šola I, Stipaničev M, Vujčić V, Mitić B, Huđek A, Rusak G Comparative analysis of native Crocus taxa as a great source of flavonoids with high antioxidant activity. Polish Pharmacopeia IX. Mol Nutr Food Res — Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar. Du G, Li M, Ma F, Lian D Antioxidant capacity and the relationship with polyphenol and vitamin C in Actinidia fruits. Wong CC, Li HB, Cheng KW, Chen F A systematic survey of antioxidant activity of 30 Chinese medicinal plants using the ferric reducing antioxidant power assay. Hinneburg I, Dorman HJ, Hiltunen R Antioxidant activities of extracts from selected culinary herbs and spices. Katalinic V, Milos M, Kulisic T, Jukic M Screening of 70 medicinal plant extracts for antioxidant capacity and total phenols. Brand-Williams W, Cuvelier ME, Berset C Use of free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. Anal Biochem — Maisuthisakul P, Suttajit M, Pongsawatmanit R Assessment of phenolic content and free radical-scavenging capacity of some Thai indigenous plants. Sulaiman SF, Yusoff NA, Eldeen IM, Seow EM, Sajak AAB, Supriatno Ooi KL Correlation between total phenolic and mineral contents with antioxidant activity of eight Malaysian bananas Musa sp. Park YS, Jung ST, Kang SG, Heo BG, Arancibia-Avila P, Toledo F, Drzewiecki J, Namiesnik J, Gorinstein S Antioxidant and proteins in ethylene-treated kiwi fruits. Capecka E, Mareczek E, Leja M Antioxidant activity of fresh and dry herbs of some Lamiaceae species. Robards K, Prenzler PD, Tucker G, Swatsitang P, Glover W Phenolic compounds and their role in oxidative processes in fruits. Hill T, Lewicki P Statistics, methods and applications: a comprehensive reference for science, industry, and data mining. StatSoft Inc, Tulsa. Download references. The investigations were financially supported by a statutory research, Grant No. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gen. Secondary metabolites provide passive and active resistance. In passive resistance, metabolites are continuously available, despite the presence of stressors, whereas in active resistance, metabolites are produced in response to specific stressors. Among all secondary metabolites, phenolic antioxidants appear to be the most important. Plant phenolics are mainly classified into five major groups, phenolic acids, flavonoids, lignans, stilbenes and tannins. It has commonly been assumed that the antioxidant capacity of phenolics will increase with the number of free hydroxyls and conjugation of side chains to the aromatic rings. Moreover, they are known to interact with other physiological antioxidants such as ascorbate or tocopherol and to synergistically amplify their biological effects. Attending to the mechanism underlying the antioxidant— oxidant reaction, the methods were divided in hydrogen atom transfer HAT and single electron transfer SET techniques. HAT-based methods measure the capacity of an antioxidant to trap free radicals by hydrogen donation, while SET methods rely on the one-electron transfer reductive ability of an antioxidant compound versus a radical species. There are many analytical methods for the determination of antioxidant activity reported that can be classified into several main categories: electroanalytical, chromatographic, spectroscopic and other methods. Bioquochem has developed a new technology for the measurement of plant extracts: eBQC Natural Ingredients. A quick and easy way to quantify the total amount of antioxidants is with ebqc-NI. This device is based on electrochemical technology , and it measures the antioxidant capacity in plant and vegetable extracts, directly. Furthermore, many samples extracted from plants have a lot of colors and it can interfere with the signal in colorimetric tests. With ebqc-ni, the measure has no interference with the color of the sample. Based on the eBQC electrochemical technology: without radical initiators, it represents a measure of the global antioxidant status of the sample. Vivero Ciencias de la Salud C. Colegio Santo Domingo de Guzmán — Oviedo Asturias — Spain. Bioquochem Management System has been certified to be in accordance with the requirements of Standard ISO Certificate ES Quality policy. Terms and conditions of sale. Quick questions. Search for:. Redox Technologies. Oxidative Stress´ experts. Assay kits and devices for determination of RedOx parameters. Shop online. |
| In vitro and in vivo assessment of the antioxidant potential of isoxazole derivatives | Int J Pharmaceut Sci Drug Res 3 1 — About this article. Nutr Rev. In: Madhavi, D. Antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anticholinesterase potential of Chenopodium murale L. The authors are highly thankful to Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan, for providing facilities to conduct this research. |
| CONTACT US | Du G, Li M, Ma F, Lian D Antioxidant capacity and the relationship with polyphenol and vitamin C in Actinidia fruits. Wong CC, Li HB, Cheng KW, Chen F A systematic survey of antioxidant activity of 30 Chinese medicinal plants using the ferric reducing antioxidant power assay. Hinneburg I, Dorman HJ, Hiltunen R Antioxidant activities of extracts from selected culinary herbs and spices. Katalinic V, Milos M, Kulisic T, Jukic M Screening of 70 medicinal plant extracts for antioxidant capacity and total phenols. Brand-Williams W, Cuvelier ME, Berset C Use of free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. Anal Biochem — Maisuthisakul P, Suttajit M, Pongsawatmanit R Assessment of phenolic content and free radical-scavenging capacity of some Thai indigenous plants. Sulaiman SF, Yusoff NA, Eldeen IM, Seow EM, Sajak AAB, Supriatno Ooi KL Correlation between total phenolic and mineral contents with antioxidant activity of eight Malaysian bananas Musa sp. Park YS, Jung ST, Kang SG, Heo BG, Arancibia-Avila P, Toledo F, Drzewiecki J, Namiesnik J, Gorinstein S Antioxidant and proteins in ethylene-treated kiwi fruits. Capecka E, Mareczek E, Leja M Antioxidant activity of fresh and dry herbs of some Lamiaceae species. Robards K, Prenzler PD, Tucker G, Swatsitang P, Glover W Phenolic compounds and their role in oxidative processes in fruits. Hill T, Lewicki P Statistics, methods and applications: a comprehensive reference for science, industry, and data mining. StatSoft Inc, Tulsa. Download references. The investigations were financially supported by a statutory research, Grant No. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gen. Hallera , , Gdansk, Poland. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Correspondence to Marek Wesolowski. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4. Reprints and permissions. Ulewicz-Magulska, B. Total Phenolic Contents and Antioxidant Potential of Herbs Used for Medical and Culinary Purposes. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 74 , 61—67 Download citation. Published : 29 October Issue Date : 15 March Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:. Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Download PDF. Abstract Herbs used for medical purposes are required to meet high pharmacopoeial quality standards, whereas spices used as additives to dishes and food products do not have to meet such rigorous standards. Phenolic production and antioxidant properties of some Macedonian medicinal plants Article 15 August Antioxidant Activity and Profile of Phenolic Compounds in Selected Herbal Plants Article Open access 02 July Comprehensive study on the antioxidant capacity and phenolic profiles of black seed and other spices and herbs: effect of solvent and time of extraction Article Open access 26 June Use our pre-submission checklist Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript. Introduction The human body possesses innate defense mechanisms, such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, glutathione, ubiquinone and uric acid, to neutralize free radicals in the form of endogenous antioxidants [ 1 , 2 ]. Materials and Methods Plant Material A set of 21 samples consisting of 10 medicinal herbs and 11 spices, all of which were obtained in powdered form, was used for analysis. Table 1 Total phenolic contents TPC and total antioxidant capacity for methanolic and water extracts of herbs and spices determined using DPPH test TAC DPPH and FRAP test TAC FRAP Full size table. Results and Discussion Previous studies Table 1 , Supplementary Materials have confirmed that medicinal herbs and spices are abundant in essential oils and phenolic compounds, such as phenolic acids, flavonoids and flavonoid derivatives. Full size image. Conclusions This study shows that the majority of medicinal herbs and spices have similar TPC and TAC levels. Abbreviations DPPH: 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl FRAP: ferric reducing antioxidant power TAC: total antioxidant capacity TPC: total phenolic content. References Surveswaran S, Cai Y, Corke H, Sun M Systematic evaluation of natural phenolic antioxidants from Indian medicinal plants. Food Chem — Article CAS Google Scholar Razali N, Mat-Junit S, Abdul-Muthalib AF, Subramanian S, Abdul-Aziz A Effects of various solvents on the extraction of antioxidant phenolics from the leaves, seeds, veins and skins of Tamarindus indica. Food Chem — Article CAS Google Scholar Maisuthisakul P, Pasuk S, Ritthiruangdejc P Relationship between antioxidant properties and chemical composition of some Thai plants. J Food Compos Anal — Article CAS Google Scholar Kim IS, Yang MR, Lee OH, Kang SH Antioxidant activities of hot water extracts from various spices. Int J Mol Sci — Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Wojdyło A, Oszmiański J, Czemerys R Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds in 32 selected herbs. Food Chem — Article CAS Google Scholar Wong SP, Leong LP, Koh JHW Antioxidant activities of aqueous extracts of selected plants. Food Chem — Article CAS Google Scholar Li HB, Wong CC, Cheng KW, Chen F Antioxidant properties in vitro and total phenolic contents in methanol extracts from medicinal plants. LWT-Food Sci Technol — Miliauskas G, Venskutonis PR, Van Beek T Screening of radical scavenging activity of some medicinal and aromatic plant extracts. Food Chem — Article CAS Google Scholar Pellegrini M, Lucas-Gonzalez R, Sayas-Barberá E, Fernández-López J, Pérez-Álvarez JA, Viuda-Martos M Bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of chia Salvia hispanica L. Plant Foods Hum Nutr —53 Šola I, Stipaničev M, Vujčić V, Mitić B, Huđek A, Rusak G Comparative analysis of native Crocus taxa as a great source of flavonoids with high antioxidant activity. Plant Foods Hum Nutr — Polish Pharmacopeia IX. Mol Nutr Food Res — Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Du G, Li M, Ma F, Lian D Antioxidant capacity and the relationship with polyphenol and vitamin C in Actinidia fruits. Food Chem — Article CAS Google Scholar Wong CC, Li HB, Cheng KW, Chen F A systematic survey of antioxidant activity of 30 Chinese medicinal plants using the ferric reducing antioxidant power assay. Food Chem — Article CAS Google Scholar Hinneburg I, Dorman HJ, Hiltunen R Antioxidant activities of extracts from selected culinary herbs and spices. Food Chem — Article CAS Google Scholar Katalinic V, Milos M, Kulisic T, Jukic M Screening of 70 medicinal plant extracts for antioxidant capacity and total phenols. Food Chem — Article CAS Google Scholar Brand-Williams W, Cuvelier ME, Berset C Use of free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. Anal Biochem —76 Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Maisuthisakul P, Suttajit M, Pongsawatmanit R Assessment of phenolic content and free radical-scavenging capacity of some Thai indigenous plants. Food Chem — Article CAS Google Scholar Sulaiman SF, Yusoff NA, Eldeen IM, Seow EM, Sajak AAB, Supriatno Ooi KL Correlation between total phenolic and mineral contents with antioxidant activity of eight Malaysian bananas Musa sp. J Food Compos Anal —10 Park YS, Jung ST, Kang SG, Heo BG, Arancibia-Avila P, Toledo F, Drzewiecki J, Namiesnik J, Gorinstein S Antioxidant and proteins in ethylene-treated kiwi fruits. Int J Adv Res Sci Technol IJARST 5 3 — Sravanthi PSS, Padmavathi TVS, Giri A d Analysis of bioactive compounds and antimicrobial screening of Phyllanthus amarus Schum. and Thonn. Sravanthi SSP, Giri A, Lakshmi MV, Chakravarth B In silico molecular docking approach for anticancer analysis of bioactive compounds from P hyllanthus amarus dimethyl formamide leaf extracts. Int J Res Cult Soc — Tan BL, Norhaizan ME, Liew WPP, Sulaiman Rahman H Antioxidant and oxidative stress: a mutual interplay in age-related diseases. Veeru P, Kishor MP, Meenakshi M Screening of medicinal plant extracts for antioxidant activity. J Med Plants Res 3 8 — Vikneswaran M Phytochemical, pharmacological and pharmacokinetic studies of Phyllanthus niruri Linn. Lignans as potential anti-hyperuricemic agents. University Sains Malaysia, Penang. Vivek KR, Kumar S, Shashidhara S, Anitha S, Manjula A Comparison of the antioxidant capacity of an important hepatoprotective plants. Int J Pharmaceut Sci Drug Res 3 1 — Welz AN, Emberger-Klein A, Menrad K Why people use herbal medicine: insights from a focus-group study in Germany. Wink M Modes of action of herbal medicines and plant secondary metabolites. Medicines 2 3 — Yogeswari S, Ramalakshmi S, Neelavathy R, Muthumary J Identificationand comparative studies of different volatile fractions from Monochaetia kansensis by GCMS. Glob J Pharmacol 6 2 — Zhang QW, Lin LG, Ye WC Techniques for extraction and isolation of natural products: a comprehensive review. Chin Med e Download references. Department of Botany, SVRK M GDC, Nidadavole, W. Centre for Biotechnology, Institute of Science and Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad, Kukatpally, Hyderabad, , India. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Correspondence to S. Sravanthi Pammi. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Reprints and permissions. Pammi, S. Antioxidant potential of medicinal plants. Crop Sci. Download citation. Accepted : 21 May Published : 21 June Issue Date : January Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:. Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Abstract Medicinal plants are used for health care either directly or indirectly as they are rich source of several ingredients. Access this article Log in via an institution. References Ahmed M, Phul AR, Bibi G, Mazhar K, Ur-Rehman T, Zia M, Mirza B Antioxidant, anticancer and antibacterial potential of Zakhm-e-hayat rhizomes crude extract and fractions. Pak J Pharmaceut Sci 29 3 — CAS Google Scholar Ahmeda A, Amzad Hossain M, Ismail Z Antioxidant properties of the isolated flavonoids from the medicinal plant Phyllanthus niruri. Asian J Food and Agro-Ind 2 03 — Google Scholar Akporowhe S, Onyesom I Phyllanthus amarus augments the serum antioxidant capacity and invigorates the blood in experimental mice. Biosci Biotechnol Res Commun 9 1 —18 Article Google Scholar Anil Kumar M, Pammi SSS, Archana G Establishment of suspension cultures and production of isoflavones from red clover Trifolium pratense L. Int J Appl Biotechnol Biochem IJABB 1 1 —42 Google Scholar Annadurai G, Masilla BR, Jothiramshekar S, Palanisami E, Puthiyapurayil S, Parida AK Antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer activities of Syzygium caryophyllatum L. Int J Green Pharm 6 4 — Article Google Scholar Anwar H, Hussain G, Mustafa I Antioxidants from natural sources. Plant Sci — Article CAS Google Scholar Bardaweel SK, Khaled AT, Mohammad MH Antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiproliferative activities of Anthemis palestina essential oil. BMC Complement Altern Med Article Google Scholar Bari MW, Islam A, Islam MM, Sultana MJ, Afroz R, Khan MM, Parul SS, Swaraz AM, Hossain MI, Islam MA Determination of in vitro antioxidant activity and in vivo antineoplastic effects against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma of methanolic extract of Sphagneticola calendulacea L. e Article CAS Google Scholar Bhakya S, Muthukrishnan S, Sukumaran M, Grijalva M, Cumbal L, Franklin Benjamin JH, KumarT S, Rao MV Antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer activity of biogenic silver nanoparticles — an experimental report. R Soc Chem Adv — CAS Google Scholar Bharat G, Kothari IL Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of in vivo and in vitro grown plants of Phyllanthus niruri. Int J Pharm Biol Sci 2 2 —89 Google Scholar Bhatt ID, Rawat S, Rawal RS Antioxidants in medicinal plants. Biotechnol Med Plants — Article Google Scholar Braga TV, das Dores RG, Ramos CS, Evangelista FC, da Silva Tinoco LM, de Pilla Varotti F, das Graças Carvalho M, de Paula-Sabino A Antioxidant, antibacterial and antitumor activity of ethanolic extract of the Psidium guajava leaves. Am J Plant Sci 5 23 Article Google Scholar Brunet CJ, Gordana C, Sonja D, Vesna T, Gordana B, Anamarija M, Sinisa M, Dragoljub C, Vladimir C Radical scavenging, antibacterial, and antiproliferative activities of Melissa officinalis L. J Med Food 11 1 — Article Google Scholar da Sarmento NC, Apilak W, Ratchanok P, Supaluk P, Somsak R, Virapong P Antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer activities of Strychnos lucida R. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med 12 4 — Article CAS Google Scholar Decros G, Baldet P, Beauvoit B, Stevens R, Flandin A, Colombié S, Gibon Y, Pétriacq P Get the balance right: ROS homeostasis and redox signalling in fruit. Front Plant Sci Article Google Scholar Farooq S, Ngaini Z Natural and synthetic drugs as potential treatment for coronavirus disease COVID Environ Sci Pollut Res — Article CAS Google Scholar Gorai D, Jash SK, Singh RK, Gangopadhyay A Chemical and pharmacological aspects of Limnophila aromatica Scrophulariaceae : an overview. Am J Phytomed Clin Ther 2 3 — Google Scholar Gul MZ, Bhakshu LM, Ahmad F, Kondapi AK, Qureshi IA, Ghazi IA Evaluation of Abelmoschus moschatus extracts for antioxidant, free radical scavenging, antimicrobial and antiproliferative activities using in vitro assays. BMC Complement Altern Med Article CAS Google Scholar Gupta VK, Sharma SK Plants as natural antioxidants. Natl Prod Radiance 5 4 — Google Scholar Haleem MA, Barton KL, Borges G, Crozier A, Anderson AS Increasing antioxidant intake from fruits and vegetables: practical strategies for the Scottish population. J Hum Nutr Diet 21 6 — Article CAS Google Scholar Hasanuzzaman M, Bhuyan M, Anee TI, Parvin K, Nahar K, Mahmud JA, Fujita M Regulation of ascorbate-glutathione pathway in mitigating oxidative damage in plants under abiotic stress. Antioxidants Article CAS Google Scholar Hasanuzzaman M, Bhuyan M, Zulfiqar F, Raza A, Mohsin SM, Mahmud J, Fujita M, Fotopoulos V Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defense in plants under abiotic stress: revisiting the crucial role of a universal defense regulator. Blood 22 — Article CAS Google Scholar Indrajith A, Ravindran KC Antioxidant potential of Indian medicinal plant Phyllanthus amarus under supplementary UV-B radiation. Recent Res Sci Technol 1 1 — CAS Google Scholar Inoue M, Hayashi S, Lyle E Role of medicinal and aromatic plants: past, present and future. J Pharm Pharmacol — Google Scholar Kamagaté M, Koffi C, Kouamé NM, Akoubet A, Yao NA, Die-Kakou HM Ethnobotany, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology profiles of Cassia siamea Lam. J Phytopharmacol 3 1 —76 Article Google Scholar Karuna R, Reddy SS, Baskar R, Saralakumari D Antioxidant potential of aqueous extract of Phyllanthus amarus in rats. Indian J Pharmacol 41 2 —67 Article CAS Google Scholar Karuna R, Bharathi VG, Reddy SS, Ramesh B, Saralakumari D Protective effects of Phyllanthus amarus aqueous extract against renal oxidative stress in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Indian J Pharmacol 43 4 — Article CAS Google Scholar Kasote DM, Hegde MV, Katyare SS Mitochondrial dysfunction in psychiatric and neurological diseases: cause s , consequence s and implications of antioxidant therapy. BioFactors 39 4 — Article CAS Google Scholar Kasote DM et al Significance of antioxidant potential of plants and its relevance to therapeutic applications. Int J Biol Sci 11 8 — Article CAS Google Scholar Katiyar S, Patidar D, Gupta S, Singh RK, Singh P Some indian traditional medicinal plants with antioxidant activity: a review. Int J Innov Res Sci Eng Technol 2 12 — Google Scholar Kennedy DO, Wightman EL Herbal extracts and phytochemicals: plant secondary metabolites and the enhancement of human brain function. Adv Nutr J —50 Article CAS Google Scholar Krishnanada KI, Deshmukh AG, Padole DA, Dudhare MS, Moharil MP, Khelurkar VC Phytochemicals: Extraction methods, identification and detection of bioactive compounds from plant extracts. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 6 1 —36 Google Scholar Kumar N Plant profile, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Avartani Helicteres isora Linn. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 4 1 :S22—S26 Article Google Scholar Kurek M, Benaida-Debbache N, Elez Garofulic I, Galic K, Avallone S, Voilley A, Wache Y Antioxidants and bioactive compounds in food: critical review of issues and prospects. J Biol Active Prod Nat 1 1 :1—6 Google Scholar Lee SW, Wendy W, Julius YFS, Desy FS b Characterization of antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer property and chemical composition of Michelia champaca seed and flower extracts. Stamford J Pharmaceut Sci 4 1 —24 Google Scholar Lee SW, Wee W, Julius FS, Fitrya SD c Characterization of anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant properties and chemical compositions of Peperomia pellucida leaf extract. Acta Med Iran 49 10 — Google Scholar Lee J, Park G, Chang YH Nutraceuticals and antioxidant properties of Lonicera japonica Thunb. Molecules 14 12 — Article CAS Google Scholar Ling-Tong Q, Wang S-C, Zhang J Chemical constituents from Polygonatum odoratum. Biochem Syst Ecol — Article Google Scholar Logesh R, Dhanabal SP, Duraiswamy B, Chaitanya MVNL Medicinal plants diversity and their folklore uses by the tribes of Nilgiri Hills, Tamil Nadu, India. Int J Pharmacogn Chin Med 1 3 Google Scholar Lu J-M, Lin PH, Yao Q, Chen C Chemical and molecular mechanisms of antioxidants: experimental approaches and model systems. J Cell Mol Med 14 4 — Article CAS Google Scholar Madhuvanthi C, Santhosh Kumar K, Antony Ceasar S, Valivittan K, Srinivasan K, Tamilselvi A Antibacterial, antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of solvent extracts of Tiliacora acuminata. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 6 9 — Google Scholar Manyou Y, Irene G, Joao R, Ana IRNAB Phytochemical and antioxidant analysis of medicinal and food plants towards bioactive food and pharmaceutical resources. Int J Drug Dev Res 3 2 — Google Scholar Meena J, Sharma RA, Rolania R A review on phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Phyllanthus amarus schum. Int J Pharmaceut Sci Res 9 4 — Google Scholar Mothana RA, Lindequist U, Gruenert R, Bednarski PJ Studies of the in vitro anticancer, antimicrobial and antioxidant potentials of selected Yemeni medicinal plants from the island Soqotra. BMC Complement Altern Med Article Google Scholar Na thalie SA, Karin K, Kristin E Nutr Fit Workshop Nanasombat S, Teckchuen N Antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer activities of Thai local vegetables. J Med Plants Res 3 5 — Google Scholar Naqvi SA, Khan ZA, Hussain Z, Shahzad SA, Yar M, Ghaffar A, Mahmood N, Kousar S Antioxidant, antibacterial and antiproliferative activities of areal parts of Swertia chirata Bush Ham plant extracts using in vitro models. Asian J Chem 25 10 — Article Google Scholar Nazir N, Zahoor M, Uddin F, Nisar M Chemical composition, in vitro antioxidant, anticholinesterase, and antidiabetic potential of essential oil of Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. R Soc Chem Adv — CAS Google Scholar Nunesa R, Pasko P, Tyszka-Czochara M, Szewczyk A, Szlosarczyk M, Carvalho IS Antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-proliferative properties and zinc content of five south Portugal herbs. Pharm Biol 55 1 — Article Google Scholar Pushpa H, Ramya SN, Shetty SP, Ramesh DH Screening of antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer activity of Ruta graveolens. Adv Biol Res 9 4 — CAS Google Scholar Raj KD, Giri A Analysis of root extracts of Polycarpaea aurea in various organic solvents for their total polyphenolic content, total flavonoid content, and free radical scavenging activity. Plant Cell Biotechnol Mol Biol 22 31—32 — Google Scholar Raj R, Chandrashekar KS, Maheshwari R, Polu PR, Pai V Pharmacognostical study of Syzygium caryophyllatum L. Res J Pharm Technol 9 10 — Article Google Scholar Raja RR, Sreenivasulu M Medicinal plants secondary metabolites used in pharmaceutical importance-an overview. World J Pharm Pharmaceut Sci 4 4 — CAS Google Scholar Ranjit P, Veneetha Ch, Archana G Evaluation of total phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity of leaf extracts of Pimpenella tirupatensis. Int J Pharmaceut Sci Rev Res 41 1 —63 CAS Google Scholar Rice-Evans C, Miller NJ, Paganga G Structure —antioxidant activity relationship of flavonoids and phenolic acids. Free Radic Biol Med 20 7 — Article CAS Google Scholar Ritthiwigrom T, Laphookhieo S, Stephen G Chemical constituents and biological activities of Garcinia cowa Roxb. Int J Sci Technol 7 02 — CAS Google Scholar Roengrit T, Wannanon P, Prasertsri P, Kanpetta Y, Sripanidkulchai B-O, Leelayuwat N Antioxidant and anti-nociceptive effects of Phyllanthus amarus on improving exercise recovery in sedentary men: a randomized crossover double-blind design. J Int Soc Sports Nutr Article Google Scholar Saeed N, Khan MR, Shabbir M Antioxidant activity, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of whole plant extracts Torilis leptophylla L. BMC Complement Altern Med Article CAS Google Scholar Saha H, Srikkanth A, Sikchi S, Devi Rajeswari V Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities of Ocimum sanctum, Phyllanthus niruri and Cadaba fruticosa : an in vitro Approach with emphasis on detection of their bioactive compounds using GC-MS. Int J Biol Chem 9 5 — Article CAS Google Scholar Salmerón-Manzano E, Manzano-Agugliaro F Bibliometric studies and worldwide research trends on global health. Article Google Scholar Scartezzeni P, Speroni E Review of some plants of Indian traditional medicine with anti-oxidant activity. J Ethnopharmacol 71 1—2 —43 Article Google Scholar Schrader M, Fahimi HD Peroxisomes and oxidative stress. Biochem Biophys Acta 12 — Article CAS Google Scholar Sen A, Batra A The study of in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of Phyllanthus amarus schum. Ko, M. Drent, M. Orlistat Ro 18— , a lipase inhibitor, in the treatment of human obesity: A multiple dose study. PubMed CAS Google Scholar. Sudha, P. Potent α-amylase inhibitory activity of Indian ayurvedic medicinal plants. BMC Complement Altern. Download references. Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. conceptualized the research idea and methods. re-synthesis the structures, A. Y were conducted the in vivo experiments. and A. performed the in vitro experiments M. contributed to the writing of the manuscript. All authors have approved the final version of the manuscript. The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. Correspondence to Mohammed Hawash. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. Reprints and permissions. In vitro and in vivo assessment of the antioxidant potential of isoxazole derivatives. Sci Rep 12 , Download citation. Received : 20 April Accepted : 25 October Published : 29 October Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:. Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate. Sign up for the Nature Briefing: Translational Research newsletter — top stories in biotechnology, drug discovery and pharma. Skip to main content Thank you for visiting nature. nature scientific reports articles article. Download PDF. Subjects Chemistry Drug discovery Medical research Molecular medicine Structural biology. Abstract Previously developed fluorophenyl-isoxazole-carboxamides derivatives were re-synthesized and their scavenging activity against DPPH free radical and inhibitory activity against lipase and α-amylase enzymes were evaluated. Introduction Many dangerous pathophysiological processes, such as diabetes, cancer, neurological disorders, cardiovascular disease, and obesity, are exacerbated by oxidative stress 1. Figure 1. Chemical structures of antioxidant agents Rebamipide, Trolox and Quercetin. Full size image. Results and discussion Chemistry The synthesis of fluorophenyl-isoxazole-carboxamide derivatives 2a-2e was outlined in Fig. Figure 2. Full size table. Figure 3. Structure—activity relationship of isoxazole derivatives. Figure 4. Figure 5. Figure 6. Conclusion In this study, we tested the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity of the isoxazole-carboxamide derivatives 2a-2e , previously reported as potential anticancer agents, togheter with their ability to suppress the effects of lipase and amylase enzymes. The general synthesis procedure of Floro-isoxazole-carboxamide derivatives 2a-2e The 3- 4-fluorophenyl methylisoxazolecarboxylic acid 1. Antioxidant activity method in vitro The free DPPH radical scavenging assay was used to measure the antioxidant activity of the isoxazole derivatives. References Vincent, H. Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar Ardeshirlarijani, E. Article CAS Google Scholar Birben, E. Article PubMed PubMed Central CAS Google Scholar Rana, M. Google Scholar Poli, G. Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar Rahman, M. Article CAS Google Scholar Kinnula, V. Article PubMed Google Scholar Serban, M. Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Hawash, M. Article CAS Google Scholar Eid, A. Google Scholar Hawash, M. Article Google Scholar Hawash, M. Article CAS Google Scholar Biava, M. Article CAS Google Scholar Jeličić, M. Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Winterbourn, C. Article PubMed Google Scholar Eid, A. Article CAS Google Scholar Hawash, M. Article Google Scholar Hill, R. Google Scholar Stenesh, J. Google Scholar Hussain, S. Article CAS Google Scholar Somparn, N. Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar Hawash, M. Article CAS Google Scholar Cheung, L. Article ADS CAS Google Scholar Sandouka, S. Article PubMed PubMed Central CAS Google Scholar Rahhal, B. Article CAS Google Scholar Ruigrok, S. Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar Ko, M. Article PubMed PubMed Central CAS Google Scholar Drent, M. PubMed CAS Google Scholar Sudha, P. Article Google Scholar Download references. Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank An-Najah National University. View author publications. Ethics declarations Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests. Additional information Publisher's note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Rights and permissions Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4. About this article. Cite this article Hawash, M. Copy to clipboard. This article is cited by Multi-biological activity assessment and phytochemical characterization of an aqueous extract of the Cymbopogon citratus grown in Palestine Belal Rahhal Mohammad Qneibi Sosana Bdir BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies Assessing the therapeutic potential and safety of traditional anti-obesity herbal blends in Palestine Mohammed Hawash Nidal Jaradat Yousra Hijazi Hawash Scientific Reports Comments By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. About the journal Open Access Fees and Funding About Scientific Reports Contact Journal policies Calls for Papers Guide to referees Editor's Choice Journal highlights. |
| Plants Antioxidant Potential | Article CAS Google Scholar. Birben, E. Oxidative stress and antioxidant defense. World Allergy Organ. Article PubMed PubMed Central CAS Google Scholar. Rana, M. In vitro antioxidant and free radical scavenging studies of alcoholic extract of Medicago sativa L. Romanian J. Plant Biol. Google Scholar. Poli, G. IUBMB Life 50 4—5 , — Rahman, M. In vitro antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of different parts of Tabebuia pallida growing in Bangladesh. Notes 8 1 , 1—9 Kinnula, V. Superoxide dismutases in the lung and human lung diseases. Care Med. Article PubMed Google Scholar. Serban, M. Effects of quercetin on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Heart Assoc. Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar. Hawash, M. Synthesis and biological evaluation of benzodioxole derivatives as potential anticancer and antioxidant agents. Eid, A. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel isoxazole-amide analogues as anticancer and antioxidant agents. BioMed Res. Antiproliferative activities of some biologically important scaffolds. FABAD J. Synthesis of novel indole-isoxazole hybrids and evaluation of their cytotoxic activities on hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. BMC Chem. Article Google Scholar. Synthesis, chemo-informatics, and anticancer evaluation of fluorophenyl-isoxazole derivatives. Open Chem. Biava, M. Enhancing the pharmacodynamic profile of a class of selective COX-2 inhibiting nitric oxide donors. Bioorganic Med. Jeličić, M. Antioxidant activity of pharmaceuticals: Predictive QSAR modeling for potential therapeutic strategy. Pharmaceuticals 15 7 , Winterbourn, C. Toxicity of iron and hydrogen peroxide: The fenton reaction. Biomed Res. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of phenyl-isoxazole-carboxamide derivatives as anticancer agents. Evaluation of the hypoglycemic effect of seven wild folkloric edible plants from Palestine: Antidiabetic effect of seven plants from Palestine. Hill, R. The chemistry of life: Eight lectures on the history of biochemistry CUP Archive, England, Stenesh, J. Biochemistry 2 Elsevier, Hussain, S. Synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives as potent inhibitors for α-amylase and their molecular docking study in management of type-II diabetes. Somparn, N. Effect of lemongrass water extract supplementation on atherogenic index and antioxidant status in rats. Acta Pharm. Design and synthesis of novel substituted indole-acrylamide derivatives and evaluation of their anti-cancer activity as potential tubulin-targeting agents. Cheung, L. Antioxidant activity and total phenolics of edible mushroom extracts. Food Chem 81 2 , — Article ADS CAS Google Scholar. Sandouka, S. Induction of the Nrf2 pathway by sulforaphane is neuroprotective in a rat temporal lobe epilepsy model. Antioxidants 10 11 , Rahhal, B. Phytochemical investigation and diuretic activity of the Palestinian rataegus aronia in mice using an aqueous extract. Nabavi, S. In vivo protective effects of quercetin against sodium fluoride-induced oxidative stress in the hepatic tissue. Food Chem. Ruigrok, S. Effects of early-life stress on peripheral and central mitochondria in male mice across ages. Psychoneuroendocrinology , Ko, M. Drent, M. Orlistat Ro 18— , a lipase inhibitor, in the treatment of human obesity: A multiple dose study. PubMed CAS Google Scholar. Sudha, P. Potent α-amylase inhibitory activity of Indian ayurvedic medicinal plants. BMC Complement Altern. Download references. Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. conceptualized the research idea and methods. re-synthesis the structures, A. Y were conducted the in vivo experiments. and A. performed the in vitro experiments M. contributed to the writing of the manuscript. All authors have approved the final version of the manuscript. The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. Correspondence to Mohammed Hawash. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. Reprints and permissions. In vitro and in vivo assessment of the antioxidant potential of isoxazole derivatives. Sci Rep 12 , Download citation. Received : 20 April Accepted : 25 October Published : 29 October Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:. Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate. Sign up for the Nature Briefing: Translational Research newsletter — top stories in biotechnology, drug discovery and pharma. Skip to main content Thank you for visiting nature. nature scientific reports articles article. Download PDF. Subjects Chemistry Drug discovery Medical research Molecular medicine Structural biology. Abstract Previously developed fluorophenyl-isoxazole-carboxamides derivatives were re-synthesized and their scavenging activity against DPPH free radical and inhibitory activity against lipase and α-amylase enzymes were evaluated. Introduction Many dangerous pathophysiological processes, such as diabetes, cancer, neurological disorders, cardiovascular disease, and obesity, are exacerbated by oxidative stress 1. Figure 1. Chemical structures of antioxidant agents Rebamipide, Trolox and Quercetin. Full size image. Results and discussion Chemistry The synthesis of fluorophenyl-isoxazole-carboxamide derivatives 2a-2e was outlined in Fig. Figure 2. Full size table. Figure 3. Structure—activity relationship of isoxazole derivatives. Figure 4. Figure 5. Figure 6. Conclusion In this study, we tested the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity of the isoxazole-carboxamide derivatives 2a-2e , previously reported as potential anticancer agents, togheter with their ability to suppress the effects of lipase and amylase enzymes. The general synthesis procedure of Floro-isoxazole-carboxamide derivatives 2a-2e The 3- 4-fluorophenyl methylisoxazolecarboxylic acid 1. Antioxidant activity method in vitro The free DPPH radical scavenging assay was used to measure the antioxidant activity of the isoxazole derivatives. References Vincent, H. Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar Ardeshirlarijani, E. Article CAS Google Scholar Birben, E. Article PubMed PubMed Central CAS Google Scholar Rana, M. Google Scholar Poli, G. Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar Rahman, M. Article CAS Google Scholar Kinnula, V. Article PubMed Google Scholar Serban, M. Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Hawash, M. Article CAS Google Scholar Eid, A. Google Scholar Hawash, M. Article Google Scholar Hawash, M. Article CAS Google Scholar Biava, M. Article CAS Google Scholar Jeličić, M. Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Winterbourn, C. Article PubMed Google Scholar Eid, A. Article CAS Google Scholar Hawash, M. Article Google Scholar Hill, R. Google Scholar Stenesh, J. Google Scholar Hussain, S. Int J Appl Biotechnol Biochem IJABB 1 1 — Annadurai G, Masilla BR, Jothiramshekar S, Palanisami E, Puthiyapurayil S, Parida AK Antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer activities of Syzygium caryophyllatum L. Int J Green Pharm 6 4 — Anwar H, Hussain G, Mustafa I Antioxidants from natural sources. In: Shalaby E, Azzam GM eds Antioxidants in foods and its applications. IntechOpen, London. Chapter Google Scholar. Arias A, Feijoo G, Moreira MT Exploring the potential of antioxidants from fruits and vegetables and strategies for their recovery. Innov Food Sci Emerg Technol 77 Asraoui F, Kounnoun A, Cadi HE, Cacciola F, Majdoub YO, Alibrando F, Mandolfino F, Dugo P, Mondello L, Louajri A Phytochemical investigation and antioxidant activity of Globularia alypum L. Molecules 26 3 Article CAS Google Scholar. Atanasov AG, Zotchev SB, Dirsch VM Natural products in drug discovery: advances and opportunities. Nat Rev Drug Discov — Plant Sci — Bardaweel SK, Khaled AT, Mohammad MH Antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiproliferative activities of Anthemis palestina essential oil. BMC Complement Altern Med Bari MW, Islam A, Islam MM, Sultana MJ, Afroz R, Khan MM, Parul SS, Swaraz AM, Hossain MI, Islam MA Determination of in vitro antioxidant activity and in vivo antineoplastic effects against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma of methanolic extract of Sphagneticola calendulacea L. Heliyon 7 6 Bhakya S, Muthukrishnan S, Sukumaran M, Grijalva M, Cumbal L, Franklin Benjamin JH, KumarT S, Rao MV Antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer activity of biogenic silver nanoparticles — an experimental report. R Soc Chem Adv — Bharat G, Kothari IL Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of in vivo and in vitro grown plants of Phyllanthus niruri. Int J Pharm Biol Sci 2 2 — Bhatt ID, Rawat S, Rawal RS Antioxidants in medicinal plants. Biotechnol Med Plants — Braga TV, das Dores RG, Ramos CS, Evangelista FC, da Silva Tinoco LM, de Pilla Varotti F, das Graças Carvalho M, de Paula-Sabino A Antioxidant, antibacterial and antitumor activity of ethanolic extract of the Psidium guajava leaves. Am J Plant Sci 5 23 Brunet CJ, Gordana C, Sonja D, Vesna T, Gordana B, Anamarija M, Sinisa M, Dragoljub C, Vladimir C Radical scavenging, antibacterial, and antiproliferative activities of Melissa officinalis L. J Med Food 11 1 — da Sarmento NC, Apilak W, Ratchanok P, Supaluk P, Somsak R, Virapong P Antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer activities of Strychnos lucida R. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med 12 4 — Decros G, Baldet P, Beauvoit B, Stevens R, Flandin A, Colombié S, Gibon Y, Pétriacq P Get the balance right: ROS homeostasis and redox signalling in fruit. Front Plant Sci Farooq S, Ngaini Z Natural and synthetic drugs as potential treatment for coronavirus disease COVID Chem Afr — Fitzgerald M, Heinrich M, Booker A Medicinal plant analysis: a historical and regional discussion of emergent complex techniques. Front Pharmacol Gill SS, Anjum NA, Gill R, Yadav S, Hasanuzzaman M, Fujita M, Mishra P, Sabat SC, Tuteja N Superoxide dismutase: mentor of abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants. Environ Sci Pollut Res — Gorai D, Jash SK, Singh RK, Gangopadhyay A Chemical and pharmacological aspects of Limnophila aromatica Scrophulariaceae : an overview. Am J Phytomed Clin Ther 2 3 — Gul MZ, Bhakshu LM, Ahmad F, Kondapi AK, Qureshi IA, Ghazi IA Evaluation of Abelmoschus moschatus extracts for antioxidant, free radical scavenging, antimicrobial and antiproliferative activities using in vitro assays. Gupta VK, Sharma SK Plants as natural antioxidants. Natl Prod Radiance 5 4 — Haleem MA, Barton KL, Borges G, Crozier A, Anderson AS Increasing antioxidant intake from fruits and vegetables: practical strategies for the Scottish population. J Hum Nutr Diet 21 6 — Hasanuzzaman M, Bhuyan M, Anee TI, Parvin K, Nahar K, Mahmud JA, Fujita M Regulation of ascorbate-glutathione pathway in mitigating oxidative damage in plants under abiotic stress. Antioxidants Hasanuzzaman M, Bhuyan M, Zulfiqar F, Raza A, Mohsin SM, Mahmud J, Fujita M, Fotopoulos V Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defense in plants under abiotic stress: revisiting the crucial role of a universal defense regulator. Hole PS, Darley RL, Tonks A Do reactive oxygen species play a role in myeloid leukemias? Blood 22 — Indrajith A, Ravindran KC Antioxidant potential of Indian medicinal plant Phyllanthus amarus under supplementary UV-B radiation. Recent Res Sci Technol 1 1 — Inoue M, Hayashi S, Lyle E Role of medicinal and aromatic plants: past, present and future. In: Shagufta P, Areej A-T eds Pharmacognosy-medicinal plants. Ismael J, Dessalegn E, Fereja WM In vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activity of leaf extracts of Measa lanceolate. Int J Food Prop 24 1 — Kabera JN, Semana E, Mussa AR, He X Plant secondary metabolites: biosynthesis, classification, function and pharmacological properties. J Pharm Pharmacol — Kamagaté M, Koffi C, Kouamé NM, Akoubet A, Yao NA, Die-Kakou HM Ethnobotany, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology profiles of Cassia siamea Lam. J Phytopharmacol 3 1 — Karuna R, Reddy SS, Baskar R, Saralakumari D Antioxidant potential of aqueous extract of Phyllanthus amarus in rats. Indian J Pharmacol 41 2 — Karuna R, Bharathi VG, Reddy SS, Ramesh B, Saralakumari D Protective effects of Phyllanthus amarus aqueous extract against renal oxidative stress in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Indian J Pharmacol 43 4 — Kasote DM, Hegde MV, Katyare SS Mitochondrial dysfunction in psychiatric and neurological diseases: cause s , consequence s and implications of antioxidant therapy. BioFactors 39 4 — Kasote DM et al Significance of antioxidant potential of plants and its relevance to therapeutic applications. Int J Biol Sci 11 8 — Katiyar S, Patidar D, Gupta S, Singh RK, Singh P Some indian traditional medicinal plants with antioxidant activity: a review. Int J Innov Res Sci Eng Technol 2 12 — Kennedy DO, Wightman EL Herbal extracts and phytochemicals: plant secondary metabolites and the enhancement of human brain function. Adv Nutr J — Krishnanada KI, Deshmukh AG, Padole DA, Dudhare MS, Moharil MP, Khelurkar VC Phytochemicals: Extraction methods, identification and detection of bioactive compounds from plant extracts. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 6 1 — Kumar N Plant profile, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Avartani Helicteres isora Linn. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 4 1 :S22—S Kurek M, Benaida-Debbache N, Elez Garofulic I, Galic K, Avallone S, Voilley A, Wache Y Antioxidants and bioactive compounds in food: critical review of issues and prospects. Antioxidants basel 11 4 Lee SW, Wee W, Julius FJ, Siong Y, Syamsumir DF a Characterization of antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer property and chemical composition of Ficus deltoidea jack leaf extract. J Biol Active Prod Nat 1 1 :1—6. Lee SW, Wendy W, Julius YFS, Desy FS b Characterization of antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer property and chemical composition of Michelia champaca seed and flower extracts. Stamford J Pharmaceut Sci 4 1 — Lee SW, Wee W, Julius FS, Fitrya SD c Characterization of anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant properties and chemical compositions of Peperomia pellucida leaf extract. Acta Med Iran 49 10 — Lee J, Park G, Chang YH Nutraceuticals and antioxidant properties of Lonicera japonica Thunb. as affected by heating time. Int J Food Prop — Li X, Xiaoting W, Huang L Correlation between antioxidant activities and phenolic contents of Radix Angelicae sinensis Danggui. Molecules 14 12 — Ling-Tong Q, Wang S-C, Zhang J Chemical constituents from Polygonatum odoratum. Biochem Syst Ecol — Logesh R, Dhanabal SP, Duraiswamy B, Chaitanya MVNL Medicinal plants diversity and their folklore uses by the tribes of Nilgiri Hills, Tamil Nadu, India. Int J Pharmacogn Chin Med 1 3 Lu J-M, Lin PH, Yao Q, Chen C Chemical and molecular mechanisms of antioxidants: experimental approaches and model systems. J Cell Mol Med 14 4 — Madhuvanthi C, Santhosh Kumar K, Antony Ceasar S, Valivittan K, Srinivasan K, Tamilselvi A Antibacterial, antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of solvent extracts of Tiliacora acuminata. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 6 9 — Manyou Y, Irene G, Joao R, Ana IRNAB Phytochemical and antioxidant analysis of medicinal and food plants towards bioactive food and pharmaceutical resources. Sci Rep Masota NE, Vogg G, Heller E, Holzgrabe U Comparison of extraction efficiency and selectivity between low-temperature pressurized microwave-assisted extraction and prolonged maceration. Arch Pharmacal Res Habib R, Md. Mominur R, Raquibul HSM, Mohammed AS, Sohel R Antibacterial, cytotoxic and antioxidant potential of methanolic extract of Phyllanthus acidus. Int J Drug Dev Res 3 2 — Meena J, Sharma RA, Rolania R A review on phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Phyllanthus amarus schum. and thonn. Int J Pharmaceut Sci Res 9 4 — Mothana RA, Lindequist U, Gruenert R, Bednarski PJ Studies of the in vitro anticancer, antimicrobial and antioxidant potentials of selected Yemeni medicinal plants from the island Soqotra. Na thalie SA, Karin K, Kristin E My life, my health, my community. Nutr Fit Workshop. Nanasombat S, Teckchuen N Antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer activities of Thai local vegetables. J Med Plants Res 3 5 — Naqvi SA, Khan ZA, Hussain Z, Shahzad SA, Yar M, Ghaffar A, Mahmood N, Kousar S Antioxidant, antibacterial and antiproliferative activities of areal parts of Swertia chirata Bush Ham plant extracts using in vitro models. Asian J Chem 25 10 — Nazir N, Zahoor M, Uddin F, Nisar M Chemical composition, in vitro antioxidant, anticholinesterase, and antidiabetic potential of essential oil of Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. BMC Complement Med Ther Nimse SB, Pal DK Free radicals, natural antioxidants, and their reaction mechanisms. Nunesa R, Pasko P, Tyszka-Czochara M, Szewczyk A, Szlosarczyk M, Carvalho IS Antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-proliferative properties and zinc content of five south Portugal herbs. Pharm Biol 55 1 — Pushpa H, Ramya SN, Shetty SP, Ramesh DH Screening of antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer activity of Ruta graveolens. Adv Biol Res 9 4 — Raj KD, Giri A Analysis of root extracts of Polycarpaea aurea in various organic solvents for their total polyphenolic content, total flavonoid content, and free radical scavenging activity. Plant Cell Biotechnol Mol Biol 22 31—32 — Raj R, Chandrashekar KS, Maheshwari R, Polu PR, Pai V Pharmacognostical study of Syzygium caryophyllatum L. Res J Pharm Technol 9 10 — Raja RR, Sreenivasulu M Medicinal plants secondary metabolites used in pharmaceutical importance-an overview. World J Pharm Pharmaceut Sci 4 4 — Ranjit P, Veneetha Ch, Archana G Evaluation of total phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity of leaf extracts of Pimpenella tirupatensis. Int J Pharmaceut Sci Rev Res 41 1 — Rice-Evans C, Miller NJ, Paganga G Structure —antioxidant activity relationship of flavonoids and phenolic acids. Free Radic Biol Med 20 7 — Ritthiwigrom T, Laphookhieo S, Stephen G Chemical constituents and biological activities of Garcinia cowa Roxb. Int J Sci Technol 7 02 — Roengrit T, Wannanon P, Prasertsri P, Kanpetta Y, Sripanidkulchai B-O, Leelayuwat N Antioxidant and anti-nociceptive effects of Phyllanthus amarus on improving exercise recovery in sedentary men: a randomized crossover double-blind design. J Int Soc Sports Nutr Saeed N, Khan MR, Shabbir M Antioxidant activity, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of whole plant extracts Torilis leptophylla L. Saha H, Srikkanth A, Sikchi S, Devi Rajeswari V Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities of Ocimum sanctum, Phyllanthus niruri and Cadaba fruticosa : an in vitro Approach with emphasis on detection of their bioactive compounds using GC-MS. Int J Biol Chem 9 5 — Salmerón-Manzano E, Manzano-Agugliaro F Bibliometric studies and worldwide research trends on global health. Int J Environ Res Public Health 17 16 Scartezzeni P, Speroni E Review of some plants of Indian traditional medicine with anti-oxidant activity. J Ethnopharmacol 71 1—2 — Schrader M, Fahimi HD Peroxisomes and oxidative stress. Biochem Biophys Acta 12 — Sen A, Batra A The study of in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of Phyllanthus amarus schum. A medicinally important plant. Int J Pharm Pharmaceut Sci 5 3 — Sharifi-Rad M, Anil Kumar NV, Zucca P, Varoni EM, Dini L, Panzarini E, Rajkovic J, Tsouh Fokou PV, Azzini E, Peluso I, Prakash MA, Nigam M, El Rayess Y, Beyrouthy ME, Polito L, Iriti M, Martins M, Martorell M, Docea AO, Setzer WN, Calina D, Cho WC, Sharifi-Rad J Lifestyle, oxidative stress, and antioxidants: back and forth in the pathophysiology of chronic diseases. Front Physiol Sravanthi PSS, Giri A a In vitro cytotoxic activity of Phyllanthus amarus Schum. World J Biol Pharm Health Sci 06 02 — Sravanthi PSS, Giri A b Phytochemicals and their antimicrobial activity: an update on their mode of action. |
Antioxidant potential -
Therefore, the aim of this paper was to compare medicinal herbs and spices of the same plant species that are applied in different areas with regard to the total phenolic content TPC and total antioxidant capacity TAC of their methanolic and water extracts.
This study showed that the TPC values of both extracts prepared from medicinal herbs and spices as quantified using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent did not differ significantly; however, the TAC values obtained by the DPPH assays of the methanol and water extracts differed significantly.
No such differences were found for the same extracts when the FRAP assay was used for analysis. This study shows that the level of antioxidants is dependent on the plant species and the botanical family.
Plants belonging to the Lamiaceae and Asteraceae families are richer in phenolic compounds and have stronger antioxidant potentials than those originating from the Apiaceae family.
Multivariate statistical analysis indicates that the majority of medicinal herbs and spices of the same plant species are found in the same cluster. In addition, the extraction solvent was identified as one of the factors influencing the clustering of the plants on the PCA scatterplot and CA dendrogram.
Oliver Tusevski, Aneta Kostovska, … Sonja Gadzovska Simic. Kamil Foss, Katarzyna E. The human body possesses innate defense mechanisms, such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, glutathione, ubiquinone and uric acid, to neutralize free radicals in the form of endogenous antioxidants [ 1 , 2 ].
However, the quantities of these defenders generated in the body are likely to be inadequate, especially under conditions of oxidative stress or inflammation during which the production of free radicals is increased.
Hence, plants, as a rich source of natural antioxidants, can complement endogenous antioxidant systems to a point where the levels are sufficient [ 2 ].
While natural antioxidants occur in all parts of all higher plants, those with medicinal or culinary uses are valuable sources of antioxidants, such as vitamins A, E and C and phenolic compounds including phenolic acids, flavonoids, lignin, stilbenes and tannins [ 3 , 4 ].
These secondary metabolites also exhibit anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer and immune-stimulating activities [ 5 ]. Antioxidants are also used in industry in order to prolong the stability of foods and cosmetics [ 6 ] with synthetic antioxidants such as propyl gallate, butylated hydroxy-anisole BHA and butylated hydroxytoluene BHT being particularly common.
However, the use of these antioxidants has been questioned due to their potential health risks and toxicity [ 6 , 7 ]. Thus, the search for antioxidants from natural sources, such as aromatic spice plants, is currently attracting much attention, not only because of the scavenging properties of these compounds but also because they are natural, nonsynthetic products, which is highly appreciated by consumers [ 8 ].
Some of these plants have been studied numerous times, which has resulted in the development of natural formulations for inactivating free radicals. Because information on the antioxidant properties of some plants, particularly those less widely used for medical and culinary purposes, is still rather limited, the assessment of these properties remains an interesting and useful task [ 5 , 8 , 9 , 10 ].
The aim of this study was therefore to compare these parameters in common herbs used for medicinal and culinary purposes.
Medicinal herbs and spices were chosen for this study because of the significant difference in quality requirements between the two areas of application. Pharmaceutical law demands that herbs used for medical purposes meet appropriate quality standards [ 11 ], whereas spices applied as additives to dishes and food products for improving flavor or prolonging stability are not so rigorously controlled.
Hence, it is interesting to compare the total phenolic content TPC and total antioxidant capacity TAC of medicinal herbs and spices of the same plant species but from different areas of application. The aim of this work was realized by quantitation of TPC in the methanolic and water extracts of medicinal herbs and spices using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and determining their free radical scavenging activities with the DPPH assay and their ferric reducing antioxidant power FRAP with the corresponding assay.
Two tests commonly used for assessment of TAC of plants, their extracts and plant-derived foods were chosen due to the complex phytochemical composition of the plants studies herein [ 5 , 12 , 13 ]. A set of 21 samples consisting of 10 medicinal herbs and 11 spices, all of which were obtained in powdered form, was used for analysis.
There was no information on the packaging labels about the standardization of some of the active constituents in the medicinal herbs. Three to ten independent samples of each item were analyzed Table 1 ; thus, a total set of samples, including 55 medicinal herb samples and 66 spice samples, was examined.
The distributors of these samples were herbal enterprises in Poland — Dar Natury Koryciny , Sigal Wierzchoslawice , Kamis Stefanowo , Prymat Jastrzebie Zdroj , Kawon Gostyn , Dobra Suchy Las , Kotanyi Warszawa , and Flos Mokrsko. The samples were homogenized at 20 °C for 20 s in a water-cooled grinder Knifetec Foss Tecator, Höganäs, Sweden and kept in closed containers to protect against daylight and moisture until analysis.
The TPC was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent according to the procedure described by Hinneburg et al. The TAC of the extracts was determined by the DPPH assay with a synthetic radical, 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl DPPH , and by a FRAP assay. The former assay evaluates the ability of antioxidants to act as free radical scavengers or hydrogen donors [ 16 , 17 ], whereas the latter is an indicator of the reducing power of the antioxidant, i.
Previous studies Table 1 , Supplementary Materials have confirmed that medicinal herbs and spices are abundant in essential oils and phenolic compounds, such as phenolic acids, flavonoids and flavonoid derivatives.
Some of these plants also contained bitter diterpenic compounds and triterpenic acids, but others contained tannins, carbohydrates, steroids or lipids. As shown in Table 1 , the means of the TPC and TAC values from the methanolic and water extracts show that the TPC values in the methanolic extracts vary over the ranges of Changing extraction solvents methanolic and water extracts also had no significant impact on the total phenolic.
Similar values for the TPC 6. Plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family, i. Among medicinal plants, those with the highest contents of phenolic compounds were the herbs oregano and thyme as well as the leaves of melissa and rosemary.
Among spices, the highest TPC values were found in marjoram, sage, thyme, oregano and tarragon, and the latter belongs to the Asteraeae family. Lovage was found to be an exception; the leaves, which are used in the dried or powdered form for culinary purposes, are characterized by higher concentrations of phenolic compounds As shown in Table 1 , the antioxidant capacities determined using the DPPH assay vary substantially, i.
In the case of the FRAP assay, values ranging from 0. This indicates that the difference between the antioxidant activities of the methanolic and water extracts is due to the assay used rather than the extraction solvent.
DPPH is only soluble in organic media, which is an important limitation in the determination of hydrophilic antioxidants. Moreover, the reaction of DPPH with antioxidants also depends on the chemical structure of the antioxidants [ 5 , 20 ].
The results obtained using the FRAP assay for the alcoholic and water extracts are comparable [ 7 ]. The highest TAC values expressed as the free radical scavenging activity DPPH assay were shown by the methanolic extracts prepared from plant species belonging to the Lamiaceae family.
This strong antioxidant potential may be due to rosmarinic acid, a plant metabolite with a pronounced ability to inhibit DPPH radical activity. Plants such as Origanum vulgare , Mentha piperita , Melissa officinalis , Rosmarinus officinalis and Thymus vulgaris are especially rich in this acid.
Other phenolic acids, e. Very low quantities of phenolic compounds are found in the roots of lovage and angelica, as well as in caraway seeds, i. The FRAP assay shows that the highest TAC values, expressed as ferric reducing antioxidant power, were displayed by the methanolic and water extracts of medicinal plants, i.
Comparison between the medicinal herbs and spices shows that the methanolic extract of oregano herb has a phenolic content and an antioxidant potential that are twice those of oregano spice.
Much larger differences were found between the water extracts of this medicinal herb and spice. In addition, the mean content of the TPC and the DPPH value for methanolic extract of sage spice were higher than those for sage leaves. A similar tendency was also observed with the extracts of lovage spice and lovage roots; however, sample materials were obtained from different morphological parts of the plant spice from the powdered leaves, medicinal herbs from the roots with the same being true for basil spice and leaves.
Significant correlations over the range of 0. These results are consistent with those reported in another study of TAC DPPH and TAC FRAP values of plant extracts [ 1 , 6 , 13 ]. Furthermore, significant correlations were found among TAC DPPH and TAC FRAP and TPC for the methanolic and water extracts prepared from medicinal herbs and spices.
These strong correlations confirmed that the antioxidants found in plants are capable of both free radical scavenging and antioxidant reduction [ 7 ]. In this experiment, the free RSA of various medicinal plant samples was measured using different extracts depending upon the ability to eliminate the free radicals using synthetic DPPH.
The reactivity of different compounds with the stable free radicals was because of the odd number of electrons present in them. The TPCs, TFCs and potential Antioxidant activities of about 40 traditionally used medicinal plants from Pakistan were analyzed by using various assays in this research.
The medicinal plants investigated in this experiment along with their used parts and traditional medicinal uses are given in Table 1. The total antioxidant potential of these medicinal plants was because of high amount of polyphenol and other phytochemical components found in them.
The AEs showed almost similar and comparable results for all samples regarding free RSA compared to the ascorbic acid. These findings also indicated that all the tested medicinal plants samples are likely to possess significant levels of free RSA although comparatively less than standard ascorbic acid.
So, this research suggested that all medicinal plants and particularly ES, EP, and EB possess a significant antioxidant potential and can be efficiently applied as an important antioxidant source for the treatment and inhibition of widely spreading oxidative stress related degenerative diseases like cancer, cardiovascular and inflammatory joint disorders, atherosclerosis, dementia, diabetes, asthma, and eyes related degenerative diseases.
This study showed that EEs of ES plant possessed the highest radical scavenging potential followed by the EP and EB, resulting in significant antioxidant potential for these traditionally used medicinal plants as compared to the highest antioxidant activity of standard ascorbic acid in all three assays DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP.
Different levels of scavenging activity were focused for all extracts in all used assays like DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. The phenol and flavonoid contents from these plants were observed as a potential source of natural antioxidants which can be efficiently used in the inhibition of oxidative stress associated diseases.
This research may also lead to additional investigation of other specific compounds in various medicinal plants and their antioxidant potentials in vivo using various antioxidant assays.
Thus, from these findings, it was concluded that the ES, EP, and EB medicinal plants are important source of natural antioxidants like phenols, flavonoids, tannins etc. This research work is a part of the PhD thesis of Mr. Syed Anis Ali Jafri. The authors are highly thankful to Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan, for providing facilities to conduct this research.
Parts of research facilities provided by International Islamic University, Islamabad IIUI during this research are also acknowledged. The authors also acknowledged Dr Michael P. Timko at Department of Biology, University of Virginia, USA for giving an opportunity to conduct research in his Laboratory for this research, as well as the Higher Education Commission HEC , Pakistan for their financial support International Research Support Initiative Program which gave me a golden opportunity to do this wonderful project at a well-reputed and well-equipped laboratory at UVA, USA.
Author contributions: Study design was contributed by Anis Ali Syed and Dr Zafar Mahmood Khalid. Write up of manuscript was contributed by Anis Ali and Dr NaqeebUllah Jogezai. Muhammad Zakryya Khan, and Anis Ali Syed.
The final draft was approved by all the authors. Conflict of interest: The authors state no conflict of interest. Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of Spondias pinnata. BMC Complem Alternative Med. Free radicals, antioxidants in disease and health. Introd J Biomed Sci. Search in Google Scholar.
Advances in metal-induced oxidative stress and human disease. Free radicals and antioxidants in human health: current status and future prospects.
J Assoc Phys India. Improved methods of total antioxidant assay. Indian J Biochem Biophys. Free radicals: their history and current status in aging and disease. Ann Clin Lab Sci. Int J Food Sci Technol. x Search in Google Scholar. Evaluation of Ethno-pharmacological and antioxidant potential of Zanthoxylum armatum DC.
J Chem. A novel method for measuring antioxidant capacity and its application to monitoring the antioxidant status in premature neonates.
Clin Sci. Antioxidant activity of betalains from plants of the Amaranthaceae. J Agric food Chem. Hypolipidaemic effect of fruit juice of Emblica officinalis in cholesterol-fed rabbits. J Ethnopharmacol. Hepatoprotective studies on Phyllanthus Emblica. Indian J Exp Bio. Phytochemical and pharmacological profile of Zanthoxylum armatum DC.
Indian J Nat Products Resour. Flavonoids as antioxidants in plants: location and functional significance. Plant Sci. Antioxidant activity of selected polyphenolics in yeast cells: The case study of Montenegrin Merlot wine. Allelopathic effect of Calotropis procera leaves extract on seed germination of some plants.
Sci J. Further in vitro evaluation of antiradical and antimicrobial activities of phytol. Nat Product Res. Investigation of polyphenol profile, antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective potential of Aconogonon alpinum All. Schur roots.
Open Chem. Assessment of phytochemicals and antioxidant activities of raw and germinating Ceiba pentandra kapok seeds. J Biomed Res. Effects of Calotropis procera L. plant extract on seed germination and growth of microorganisms.
Annu Agri Sci. Antimicrobial properties of extracts and compounds isolated from Berberis jaeschkeana. Bangladesh J Pharmacol. Analysis of phytoconstituents and biological activities of different parts of Mahonia nepalensis and Berberis aristata, Nepal.
J Biotechnol. Phytochemical screening of ethanolic extracts of Rubia Cordifolia. Pharm Biol Sci. Comparison of different analytical methods for assessing total antioxidant capacity of human serum.
Clin Chem. Evaluation of the antioxidant properties of the Brazilian Cerrado fruit Annona crassiflora Araticum. J Food Sci. Plants affecting human health.
J Med Bot. Urbanization, biodiversity, and conservation the impacts of urbanization on native species are poorly studied but educating a highly urbanized human population about these impacts can greatly improve species conservation in all ecosystems. Bio Sci. Fighting multidrug resistance with herbal extracts, essential oils and their components.
Issue 2. Scotland: Academic Press; Phytochemicals, vitamins and mineral contents of two Nigerian medicinal plants. J Mol Med Sci. Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical. Metabolic benefits of curcumin supplementation in patients with metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Phytotherapy Res. Health benefits of flavonoid. Bioactive Compounds. Sawston, Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing; Phytochemical screening and evaluation of cytotoxic and hypoglycemic properties of Mangifera indica peels.
Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. Esculentosides: Insights into the potential health benefits, mechanism of action, and molecular target. Antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential of condensed tannin from Leucaena leucocephala Hybrid Rendang.
Food Sci Hum Wellness. Mentha; phytochemical, antibacterial, and dipterian adulticidal approach. Int J Pharmacol Sci. Anthelmintic activity of a standardized extract from the rhizomes of Acorus Calamus Linn. Acraceae against experimentally induced cestodiasis in Rats.
J Intercult Ethnoparmacol. The impact of isoniazid resistance on the treatment outcomes of smear positive re-treatment tuberculosis patients in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. PLoS ONE. Evaluation of aluminium complexation reaction for flavonoid content assay. Food Anal Methods.
Phenolics as potential antioxidant therapeutic agents: mechanism and actions. Mutat Res Fundam Mol. Evaluation of antioxidant activity of leaf extract of sea buckthorn Hippophae rhamnoides L.
on chromium VI induced oxidative stress in albino rats. Phenolic and flavonoid contents of some medicinal plants from Jablanica Mt. Special Issues of the Macedonian Ecological. Antioxidant, cytotoxic and apoptotic activities of extracts from medicinal plant Euphorbia platyphyllos L.
J Medicinal Plants. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of selected medicinal plants and fungi containing phenolic and flavonoid compounds. Chin Med. Chemical composition and biological activity of some species of the genus Euphrasia Scrophulariaceae of the flora of Russia.
Optimization of supercritical fluid extraction of total alkaloids, peimisine, peimine and peiminine from the bulb of Fritillaria thunbergii Miq, and evaluation of antioxidant activities of the extracts. J Medicinal Plants Res. In vitro antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of ethanolic leaf extract of Stevia rebaudiana Bert.
Food Chem Toxicol. Int J Mol Sci. Optimization of ultrasonic extraction of phenolic compounds from Epimedium brevicornum maxim using response surface methodology and evaluation of its antioxidant activities in vitro.
J Anal methods Chem. Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the flower volatile oils of Fagopyrum esculentum, Fagopyrum tataricum and Fagopyrum Cymosum. Potential antioxidant activity of the moss Bryum moravicum. Nat product Res.
Radio-protective effects of antioxidative plant flavonoids in mice. Mutat Res Fund Mol. Evaluation of free radical scavenging activity of an ayurvedic formulation, Panchvalkala. Indian J Pharm Sci. Polyphenols: chemistry, dietary sources, metabolism and nutritional significance.
Nutr Rev. x Search in Google Scholar PubMed. Antioxidant properties of methanolic extracts from leaves of E. Medicinal food. Antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid contents of some medicinal and aromatic plants used as herbal teas and condiments in Iran.
J Medicinal Food. In vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of Gunnera perpensa L. Gunneraceae from South Africa. J medicinal Plant Res. Phytochemicals, antioxidant, antimicrobial and phytotoxic activities of Ailanthus altissima Mill.
Swingle leaves. South Afr J Botany. A review of the antioxidant activity of celery Apium graveolens L evidence based complementary alternate. Antioxidant activity of burdock Arctium lappa Linne : Its scavenging effect on free-radical and active oxygen. Antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities and phytochemical screening of some Yemeni medicinal plants.
Complementary Alternative Med. Phytochemical investigation and evaluation of antioxidant activity of fruit of Solanum indicum Linn. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. Extraction, antioxidant capacity and identification of Semen Astragali Complanati Astragalus complanatus R.
Food Chem. Your purchase has been completed. Your documents are now available to view. Open Access Published by De Gruyter Open Access November 23, From the journal Open Chemistry.
Download article PDF. Cite this Share this. Abstract The antioxidant potential of various extracts was evaluated using different antioxidant assays such as 1,1-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl DPPH assay, ferric reducing antioxidant power FRAP assay, and 2,2-azinobis-ethylbenzothiozolinesulphonic acid ABTS using UV spectrophotometer.
Graphical abstract Graphical presentation of whole experimental process. Keywords: reactive oxygen species ; antioxidant potential ; free radicals and medicinal plants. Table 1. Traditionally used medicinal plants collected from Himalayan regions of Pakistan.
Table 2. Table 3. Table 4. Phytochemical screening of different medicinal plants. Table 5. Table 6. Table 7. Acknowledgements This research work is a part of the PhD thesis of Mr. Received: Revised: Accepted: Published Online: This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.
Cite this article. MLA APA Harvard Chicago Vancouver. Jafri, Syed Anis Ali, Khalid, Zafar Mahmood, Khan, Muhammad Zakryya and Jogezai, NaqeebUllah. Jafri, S. Evaluation of phytochemical and antioxidant potential of various extracts from traditionally used medicinal plants of Pakistan.
Open Chemistry , 20 1 , and Jogezai, N. Open Chemistry, Vol. Jafri S, Khalid Z, Khan M, Jogezai N. Open Chemistry. Copied to clipboard. Copy to clipboard. Download: BibTeX EndNote RIS.
Share this article. Supplementary Materials. Please login or register with De Gruyter to order this product. Register Log in. Volume 20 Issue 1. Submit manuscript.
This issue. All issues. Articles in the same Issue Regular Articles. Assessment of using electronic portal imaging device for analysing bolus material utilised in radiation therapy.
A detailed investigation on highly dense CuZr bulk metallic glasses for shielding purposes. Simulation of gamma-ray shielding properties for materials of medical interest. Environmental impact assesment regulation applications and their analysis in Turkey.
Passenger demand forecasting for railway systems. In addition to saponins, phenols and flavonoids are also known as antioxidants.
Each plant has a wide range of phenolic compounds and the antioxidant properties of each of these substances depend on their chemical structure. Therefore, phenolic compounds probably comprise an important part of the antioxidant compounds of this plant, which grows in semi-arid and temperate climates in Dareshahr, at higher altitudes with lower temperatures of the mud.
However, in the warm and dry sites of Dehloran, salinity was one of the important factors in the formation of phenol. As the elevation increased, the concentration of soil salts decreased and the temperature increased; the synthesis of phenols decreased and the antioxidant properties of the plant were guided by the formation of other compounds, which should be identified in further investigations of these compounds.
The present study showed that ecological factors climate, elevation, and soil characteristics have a significant effect on the efficiency of the extract, antioxidant activity, and total phenol content of S.
Different factors produce different results, and the dominance of different factors in different places caused variation in the results, which indicates the complexity of the effects of ecological factors and the occurrence of various chemical processes in the plant affected by these factors, which causes the synthesis of various compounds that affect the antioxidant properties of the plant.
Overall, the Dareshahr site had the highest yield, antioxidant activity, and total phenol content. The best place to grow S.
Weckesser, S. et al. Screening of plant extracts for antimicrobial activity against bacteria and yeast with dermatological relevance.
Article CAS Google Scholar. Noguchi, N. Phenolic antioxidants: A rationale for design and evaluation of novel antioxidant drug for atherosclerosis. Free Rad Biol. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar. Berahou, A. Rojhan, M.
Medicines, and Herbal Remedies. Young, I. Antioxidants in health and disease. J Clini Path. Kumaran, A. Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of an aqueous extract of Coleus aromaticus. Food Che. Prior, R. Antioxidant phytochemicals in fruits and vegetables: Diet and health implications.
Zaveri, N. Green tea and its polyphenolic catechins: Medicinal uses in cancer and noncancer applications. Life Sci. Shahidi, F. Natural antioxidants: an overview, In: Natural antioxidants, chemistry, health effects and applications , Shahidi, F.
Mathew, S. In vitro antioxidant activity and scavenging effects of Cinnamomum verum leaf extract assayed by different methodologies. Food Che Toxic. Omidbeigy, R. Approaches to the production and processing of medicinal plants. II, Publishers Designers Publishing, Lebaschi, M.
Changes in Hypericin in different habitats of Goli. Research of Iranian Medicinal Plants and Herbs. Res Inst. Google Scholar. Gairola, S. Influence of climate change on production of secondary chemicals in high altitude medicinal plants.
Med Plant Res. Khormalali, A. Atechnology, Ethnopharmacology, Evaluation of Phenol and Total Flavonoid and Antioxidant Activity of Different Extracts of Flower Seeds of Autumn Fruit in Different Methods of Extraction Bandar Gaz site. Med Plants. Mozafarian, V. Khuzastan flora: Agriculture natural resources research.
Ghahreman, A. Color flora of Iran. Res Ins Forest and Rangelands. Abbasi, N. A comparative study of the antimicrobial effect of Scrophularia striata boiss extract and selective antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus and Pesudomonas aeroginosa. Azadmehr, A. Protective effects of Scrophularia striata in Ovalbumin-induced mice asthma model.
DARU J. Pharm Sci. Lundkvist, A. Effects of organic farming on weed flora composition in a long term perspective. Euro J. Article Google Scholar.
Shoohani, B. Effects of Scrophularia striata extract on wound healing in the rabbit. Ilam Uni. Med Sci. Karzan, J. Iran and the Case of Iran. Khoshsokhan, F.
Antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds and essential oil yields of some populations of Thyme and Rhizosphere. Plant Pro Tech.
Dorri, M. Investigating the amount of hypericin in two natural sites of Hypericum perforatum in Golestan province. Iran Sci Res Quar J. Aro Herbs. Srivastava, A. Citrus: Climate and soil. Walker, L. Regional differences in hypericin and pseudo hypericin concentrations and five morphological traits among Hypericum perforatum plants in the northwestern United States.
Cana J. CAS Google Scholar. Laurel, F. Direct and indirect effects of climate change on Hypericum perforatum L. Jakola, L. Effect of latitude on flavonoid biosynthesis in plants. Plant cell. Mahmood Zadeh Tilimi, Z. The effect of some ecological factors on the quantity and quality of essential oils of the medicinal herb in quadrangle rangelands of Golestan province , Gonbad Kavous University.
Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Tajbakhsh, M. Seeds ecology. Noroozi, A. Evaluation of Changes in Essential Oil, Chlorophyll, Carotenoid, Anthocyanins, and Flavonoids of Mentha longifolia L.
longifolia in different habitats of Marand. Azarnivand, H. The effects of soil characteristics and elevation on distribution of two Artemisia species.
Iran J. Nat Res. Fairchild, J. Microhabital relationship of six major shrubs in Navajo National Monument, Arizona. Rang Mana. Jin-Tun, Z. A study on the relation of vegetation, climate, and soil in Shanxi province.
Plant Eco. Cooperland, L. Building soil organic matter with organic amendments. A resource for urban and rural gardeners, small farmers, turfgrass managers, and large-scale producers.
Center for Integrated Agricultural Systems. University of Wisconsin-Madison, Borra, S. Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of curcumin determined by using different in vitro and ex vivo models. Med Plants Res. Jabari, R. Study of Nitrogen Application in Semi-Dry and Moderate Cold Conditions on Vegetative Traits and Essential Oil Compounds of Thymus vulgaris L.
Plant Bre. Herms, D. The dilemma of plants: to grow or defend. The Qua Rev. Babakhanzadeh Sajirani, A. Phytochemical and antioxidant study of fruit extract of Elaeagnus angustifolia in different habitats of Shahrood site.
Dastoor, R. Evaluation and comparison of total phenol, total flavonoid, resveratrol and antioxidant capacity in fruits of the species Vitis vinifera , Pistacia vera , Sambucus nigra and Ilex spinigera.
Ghasemi, Y. Ferula gummosa B. Fruits: An Aromatic Antimicrobial Agent. Nat Comp. Karahan, F. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of medicinal plant Glycyrrhiza glabra var. glandulifera from different habitats. From different habitats. Biotech Equi.
Khalsi Ahvazi, L. Phenolic, total flavonoid and antioxidant activity of medicinal plant in forage in different stages of growth in four habitats of the northeast of Khuzestan province. Koohsari, H. Evaluation of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of medicinal plant collected from two habitats of the north of Iran.
Saadatmad, L. Investigation of Changes of the Most Important Substances Secondary Effects and Antioxidant Activity of Different Organs of Elaeagnus angustifolia L.
Saboora, A. Comparison of the content of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and antioxidant activity of the two extremities in northwestern Iran. Rafs Uni. Selvam, K. Antioxidant potential and secondary metabolites in Ocimum sanctum L.
at various habitats. Yildiz, H. Some Physicochemical Characteristics, Bioactive Content and Antioxidant Characteristics of Non-Sprayed Barberry Berberis vulgaris L. Fruits from Turkey.
Zeynali, A. August Ecology, Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemical Study and Antioxidant Effects of Extract of Different Medicinal Herbs on Different Plants of Razavi Province. Phyto Med. Wong, S. Antioxidant activities of aqueous extracts of selected plants. Food Chem.
Mehrpour, M. Investigation of phytochemical and antioxidant compounds of different organs of the Angushei medicinal plant in two natural habitats of Semnan and Khorasan provinces.
Ayaz, F. Water stress effects on the content of low molecular weight carbohydrates and phenolic acids in Ctenanthe setosa Rosc. Eichler Marantaceae. Plant Sci.
Zlati´c, N. Variability of secondary metabolites of the species Cichorium intybus L. from different habitats. Livani, F. Evaluation of total phenol and total anthocyanin variation in different organs and stages of fruit growth in two medicinal plants of Prune and Azgil in natural habitats of Golestan province.
Nikkhah Amir Abad, H. Effect of elevation and phonological stages on phytochemical properties and antioxidant activity of medicinal plant Chewil, Seasonal.
Engelmann, U. Efficacy, and safety of a combination of Sabal and Urtica extract in lower urinary tract symptoms. A randomized, double-blind study versus tamsulosin.
Arizona Fors. Mazandarani, M. Evaluation of phytochemical and antioxidant activity in different parts of Heracleum gorganicum Rech. in Golestan province.
North of Iran. Plant Phys. Antioxidant activity, phenol, flavonoid and anthocyanin contents in various extracts of Onosma dichroanthum Boiss. in North of Iran. Nouri Hosseini, S.
Effect of different fertilizer sources and humic acid on morphological characteristics, yield and antioxidant content of black cumin Bunium persicum Boiss.
Agri Prac Res. El-Shora, H. Comparative Phytochemical Studies on Zygophyllum coccineum L. from Different Habitats, Egypt. Brit J. Applied Sci. Fazelinasab, B. Evaluation and comparison of the content of phenol, flavonoids and antioxidant activity of leaf and fruit in 14 different genotypes of medicinal plants in the south of Iran.
Rezende, W. Effect of Environmental Factors on Phenolic Compounds in Leaves of Syzygium jambos L. Alston Myrtaceae. Mod Chem. Gholizadeh Moghaddam, N. Evaluation of variation of some phytochemical indices of leaf extract of genotypes of different species of Barberry.
Buchholz, G. Ultraviolet light inhibition of phytochrome - induced flavonoid biosynthesis and DNA photolyase formation in mustard cotyledons Sinapis alba L.
Plant Physiol. Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar. Krizek, D. Inhibitory effects of ambient level of solar UV-A and UV-B radiation on growth of cv.
New Red Fire lettuce. Phys Plan. Tosserams, M. The effect of solar UV radiation on four plant species occurring in coastal grassland vegetation in the Netherlands. Phys Planta. Levitt, J. Responses of plants to environmental stresses , Vol. Asada, K. The water-water cycle in chloroplasts: scavenging of active oxygens and dissipation of excess photons.
Ann Rev. Plant Physi. Plant Mole Bio. Hartmann, H. Seed dormancy and germination: The role of abscisic acid and gibberellins and the importance of hormone mutants. Plant Gro Reg. Kafi, M. Crop response to growth environment. Afrazeh, Z. Evaluation of antioxidant activity of aqueous and alcohol extracts methanol, ethanol of saffron petals.
Herbs used for ppotential purposes are required to meet Antikxidant pharmacopoeial quality standards, whereas spices used as additives to dishes Body repair after exercise potetnial products do not have Antiooxidant meet such rigorous standards. Therefore, the aim of this paper potentiial Antioxidant potential compare Onion as a natural dye herbs and spices of the Antioxidant potential plant species that are applied in different areas with regard to the total phenolic content TPC and total antioxidant capacity TAC of their methanolic and water extracts. This study showed that the TPC values of both extracts prepared from medicinal herbs and spices as quantified using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent did not differ significantly; however, the TAC values obtained by the DPPH assays of the methanol and water extracts differed significantly. No such differences were found for the same extracts when the FRAP assay was used for analysis. This study shows that the level of antioxidants is dependent on the plant species and the botanical family. Plants belonging to the Lamiaceae and Asteraceae families are richer in phenolic compounds and have stronger antioxidant potentials than those originating from the Apiaceae family.
welchen Charakter der Arbeit sehend
Wacker, dieser glänzende Gedanke fällt gerade übrigens
ich beglückwünsche, Sie hat der einfach glänzende Gedanke besucht
die Mitteilung ist gelöscht