Anti-ulcer activity explanation -
Male Wistar rats weighing g were obtained from the Animal House, GMC, Guwahati. Animals were fasted for h but had free access to water up to 1 h before the commencement of the induction of ulcers. Ranitidine and aspirin were procured from Merck, Bangalore, India. NaOH, Toppfer's reagent, and phenolphthalein were obtained from Scientific OEM, Mumbai, India.
w intraperitoneally i. for 7 days. The experiment was conducted according to the method described earlier [ 8 ]. After the 7th day of drug administration, the rats were fasted for 24 h.
Light ether anesthesia was used to make a midline abdominal incision so as to ligate the pylorus without causing it any traction or damage to its blood supply. The stomach was replaced carefully and the abdominal wall was closed with sutures.
The rats were deprived of water during the postligation period. Four hours after the procedure, the rats were sacrificed, and the stomachs were dissected out and cut open along the greater curvature so as to determine the ulcer index UI by the Ganguly and Bhatnagar method [ 9 ]. The volume of the gastric content was measured after centrifugation, while the acidity was determined by titration with 0.
The percentage inhibition PI of the ulcer production was also calculated [ 11 ]. The experiment was carried out according to the method described earlier [ 12 ]. Four hours after aspirin induction, the animals were sacrificed and their stomachs were dissected out. The UI and PI were determined as described in the previous model.
The experiment was conducted according to the method described earlier [ 13 ]. The test and control groups were deprived of food for 12 h after the administration of the last dose of the drugs.
The rats were then immobilized in a steel cage and placed at a temperature of °C for 3 h, following which they were euthanized by cervical dislocation.
The ulcers were then examined on the dissected stomachs so as to determine the UI and PI as described in the previous models. Results are expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean SEM. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance ANOVA followed by multiple Tukey's comparison test.
The experimental protocols and procedures used in the study were approved by the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee of the GMC and conformed to the Guidelines for Care and Use of Animals in Scientific Research Indian National Science Academy, , Revised in the pyloric ligation-induced ulcer model and the aspirin-induced ulcer model fig.
group showed the highest PI values in all 3 models employed in the study table 1. There was a significant rise in the pH with a reduction in the volume of gastric contents, free acidity, and total acidity in the AE-treated groups as compared to the control group table 2.
pH, volume of gastric contents, free acidity, and total acidity of the test and control groups in the pyloric ligation-induced ulcer model. Acute toxicity studies of the leaves of A. were chosen for the study [ 14 ]. The pyloric ligation-induced ulcer model evaluates the antisecretory and gastroprotective effects of investigational agents.
The ligation of the pyloric end of the stomach leads to accumulation of gastric acid which causes ulcers due to the autodigestion of the mucosa [ 15 ]. AE caused a significant decrease in the gastric volume, free acidity, and total acidity compared to the control group, indicating an antisecretory mechanism.
The UI and PI are parameters commonly used to determine the gastroprotective effect of investigational agents. AE in all doses caused a significant reduction in the UI and an improvement in the PI compared to the control group, indicating a gastroprotective effect.
Aspirin is a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug which induces ulcers by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis in the stomach by blocking the cyclooxygenase enzymes [ 2 ]. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs also cause an inflammatory response increasing the reactive oxygen species in the gastric mucosa [ 18 ].
Previous studies have shown that the leaves of A. indica possess reactive oxygen species scavenging activity, suggesting the role of antioxidation as one of the mechanisms responsible for its gastroprotective action [ 19,20 ]. In the present study, AE in all doses caused a significant reduction in the UI and an improvement in the PI, indicating a possible involvement of the prostaglandin pathway.
Mechanistic studies measuring levels of prostaglandin E 2 , myeloperoxidase, and proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 8, tumor necrosis factor-α could elucidate this reasoning. Cold restraint causes both psychological and physical stress to the rats.
The induced stress releases histamine in the stomach, which leads to increased acid secretion and decreased mucus production, ultimately leading to ulcers [ 21 ].
AE caused a dose-dependent significant reduction in the UI in this model, suggesting the role of histamine in its mechanism, as suggested by a previous study [ 17 ].
An earlier study revealed that A. indica prevented stress-induced DNA fragmentation in the gastric mucosal cells, thus preventing their apoptosis [ 16 ].
The mast cell stabilization activity of A. indica inhibiting the release of histamine is also postulated as one of the mechanisms involved in its antisecretory action [ 22 ].
Phytochemical studies of A. indica have revealed that the leaves are a rich source of potentially bioactive alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins [ 23 ]. High-performance thin layer chromatography and gas chromatography mass-spectrometry studies have determined that the leaves contain several compounds such as nimbic acid B, nimbolide B, azadirachtins, 6 deacetylnimbin, azadiradione, nimonol, epoxyazadiradione, quercetinO-β- D -glucosamine, myricetinO-rutinoside, quercetinO-rutinoside, kaempferolO-rutinoside, kaempferolO-β- D -glucoside, quercetinO-α- L -rhamoside, hydroxypivalic acid, phytol, 4-cyclooctenol, 8,8'- iminodi-2,1-phenylene bis-, 1,3-diphenylazafluorene, 3β-lup 29 -enol, 3β-lup 29 -enyl acetate, germanicol, and cyclic sulfides [ 6,7,23,24,25,26 ].
Flavonoids and saponins are known to exhibit a myriad range of pharmacological activities, hence the antiulcer activity of the leaves of A. indica could be attributed to its flavonoids and saponins.
However, the role of other secondary alkaloids cannot be eliminated [ 27,28 ]. Future mechanistic studies could help determine the exact pharmacodynamics and mode of action of the bioactive alkaloids of A. In conclusion, the leaves of A. The present study confirms the folkloric claim of A.
indica being effective in the treatment of PUD. Sign In or Create an Account. Search Dropdown Menu. header search search input Search input auto suggest.
filter your search All Content All Journals Integrative Medicine International. Advanced Search. Toggle Menu Menu. Skip Nav Destination Close navigation menu Article navigation. Volume 3, Issue Materials and Methods.
Disclosure Statement. Article Navigation. Research Articles January 14 Evaluation of the Antiulcer Activity of the Leaves of Azadirachta indica: An Experimental Study Subject Area: Further Areas , General Medicine.
Pranjit Santonu Bhajoni ; Pranjit Santonu Bhajoni. a Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, and.
b Department of Pharmacology, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, India. This Site. Google Scholar. Girish Gulab Meshram ; Girish Gulab Meshram. drgirish23 yahoo. Mangala Lahkar Mangala Lahkar. Integrative Medicine International 3 : 10— Article history Received:.
Cite Icon Cite. toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu. toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest. Table 1 UI and PI values obtained in the models examined. View large. View Large. Table 2 pH, volume of gastric contents, free acidity, and total acidity of the test and control groups in the pyloric ligation-induced ulcer model.
View large Download slide. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. Yuan Y, Padol IT, Hunt RH: Peptic ulcer disease today. Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol ; Wallace JL, Sharkey KA: Pharmacotherapy of gastric acidity, peptic ulcers, and gastroesophageal reflux disease; in Brunton LL ed : Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics.
New York, McGraw-Hill, , pp McQuaid KR: Drugs used in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases; in Katzung BG, Trevor AJ eds : Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. Biswas K, Chattopadhyay I, Banerjee RK, Bandyopadhyay U: Biological activities and medicinal properties of neem Azadirachta indica.
Current Sci ; Subapriya R, Nagini S: Medicinal properties of neem leaves: a review. Curr Med Chem Anticancer Agents ; Mahmoud DA, Hassanein NM, Youssef KA, Zeid A: Antifungal activity of different neem leaf extracts and the nimonol against some important human pathogens. Braz J Microbiol ; Schmutterer H: The Neem Tree: Source of Unique Natural Products for Integrated Pest Management, Medicine, Industry, and Other Purposes.
Weinheim, VCH Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Patients taking the oral suspension should be instructed to shake it vigorously for 5 to 10 seconds prior to each use. Additionally, smoking interferes with histamine antagonists and should be discouraged.
A common proton pump inhibitor PPI is pantoprazole see Figure 7. It may be prescribed in various routes including orally, with an NG tube, or as an IV injection in the hospital setting.
Other PPIs include esomeprazole, lansoprazole, and omeprazole. PPIs are more powerful than antacids and H2-receptor antagonists. Pantoprazole is used to treat damage from gastroesophageal reflux disease GERD in adults and children five years of age and older by allowing the esophagus to heal and prevent further damage.
It is also used to treat conditions where the stomach produces too much acid, such as Zollinger-Ellison syndrome in adults. PPIs may also be given in combination with antibiotics to treat H.
Pylori infections, a common cause of duodenal ulcers. PPIs inhibit the secretion of hydrochloric acid, and the antisecretory effect lasts longer than 24 hours. Packets of delayed-release granules must be mixed with applesauce or apple juice and taken by mouth or given through a feeding tube.
Consult the labeling of concomitantly used drugs to obtain further information about interactions because PPIs can interfere with the liver metabolism of other drugs. IV pantoprazole can potentially exacerbate zinc deficiency, and long-term therapy can cause hypomagnesemia, so the nurse should monitor for these deficiencies.
In addition to the considerations above, instruct patients to call their provider if their condition does not improve or gets worse, especially if bleeding occurs. Sucralfate locally covers the ulcer site in the GI tract and protects it against further attack by acid, pepsin, and bile salts. It is minimally absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract.
Administer sucralfate on an empty stomach, 2 hours after or 1 hour before meals. Constipation may occur. Sucralfate should be cautiously used with patients with chronic renal failure or those receiving dialysis due to impaired excretion of small amounts of absorbed aluminum that can occur with sucralfate.
In addition to the considerations above, instruct patients to call their provider if their condition does not improve or gets worse. Simethicone is an antiflatulent that is commonly found in other OTC antacids see Figure 7.
It is also safe for use in infants. Gas commonly occurs in the GI tract due to digestive processes and the swallowing of air. Gaseous distension can also occur postoperatively. Simethicone is used to treat the symptoms of gas such as uncomfortable or painful pressure, fullness, and bloating.
Simethicone works by altering the elasticity of the mucous-coated gas bubbles, which cause them to break into smaller bubbles, thus reducing pain and facilitating expulsion.
Simethicone is usually taken four times a day, after meals and at bedtime. For liquid form, shake drops before administering. Patients can be instructed about other measures to assist with gas expulsion such as changing position, ambulation, avoiding the use of straws, and tapering intake of beans and cruciferous vegetables.
Medication grids are intended to assist students to learn key points about each medication. Because information about medication is constantly changing, nurses should always consult evidence-based resources to review current recommendations before administering specific medication.
Basic information related to each class of medication is outlined below. Detailed information on a specific medication can be found for free at Daily Med. On the home page, enter the drug name in the search bar to read more about the medication. Use cautiously with renal disease Decreased symptoms of heartburn or sour stomach Constipation.
Rebound hyperacidity when discontinued H2 blocker famotidine Administer 15 to 60 minutes before eating foods or drinking drinks that may cause heartburn.
Preexisting liver and kidney disease may require dosage adjustment Decreased symptoms of heartburn or sour stomach. Decreased pain if ulcers are present Side effects: headache, dizziness, constipation, and diarrhea.
Administer granules with apple juice or applesauce Decreased symptoms of heartburn and pain Hypersensitivity; anaphylaxis and serious skin reactions. Use cautiously used patients with chronic renal failure Healing of ulcer Constipation Antiflatulant simethicone Shake drops before administering Relief of gas discomfort None.
A patient who recently underwent surgery has a medication order for daily pantoprazole. The patient does not report any symptoms of heartburn, stomach pain, or sour stomach.
The nurse reviews the physician orders for an indication for this medication before calling the provider to clarify. cells in the gastric glands that produce and secrete hydrochloric acid HCl and intrinsic factor. Caused by excessive hydrochloric acid that tends to back up, or reflux, into the lower esophagus.
Occurs when gastric or duodenal ulcers are caused by the breakdown of GI mucosa by pepsin in combination with the caustic effects of hydrochloric acid. A side effect of medication causing elevated levels of hydrochloric acid in the stomach after the medication is discontinued.
Enzymes produced from the cytochrome P genes involved in the formation synthesis and breakdown metabolism of various molecules, chemicals, and medications within cells. Nursing Pharmacology Copyright © by Open Resources for Nursing Open RN is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.
Skip to content Pathophysiology The stomach contains cells that secrete different substances as part of the digestive process: parietal cells, chief cells, and surface epithelium cells. Hyperacidity Medication Classes There are four major classes of medications used to treat hyperacidity conditions: antacids, H2-receptor antagonists, proton pump inhibitors, and mucosal protectants.
Antacids Antacids see Figure 7. Figure 7. Mechanism of Action Antacids neutralize gastric acidity and elevate the pH of the stomach. Specific Administration Considerations Calcium carbonate comes in various formations such as a tablet, a chewable tablet, a capsule, or liquid to take by mouth.
Specific Administration Considerations To prevent symptoms, oral famotidine is taken 15 to 60 minutes before eating foods or drinking drinks that may cause heartburn. Specific Administration Considerations Packets of delayed-release granules must be mixed with applesauce or apple juice and taken by mouth or given through a feeding tube.
Indications Sucralfate is used in the treatment of ulcers. Mechanism of Action Sucralfate locally covers the ulcer site in the GI tract and protects it against further attack by acid, pepsin, and bile salts.
Specific Administration Considerations Administer sucralfate on an empty stomach, 2 hours after or 1 hour before meals. Mechanism of Action Simethicone works by altering the elasticity of the mucous-coated gas bubbles, which cause them to break into smaller bubbles, thus reducing pain and facilitating expulsion.
Specific Administration Considerations Simethicone is usually taken four times a day, after meals and at bedtime. Table 7. What is the likely indication for this drug therapy for this patient? jpg " by CNX OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 3.
png " by BruceBlaus is licensed under CC BY-SA 4. Pharmacology and the Nursing Process. jpg " by melvil is licensed under CC BY-SA 4. Bethesda MD : National Library of Medicine US ; [updated October 23]. Gastric Ulcers [Video]. jpg " by Midnightcomm is licensed under CC BY-SA 3. Medical Encyclopedia [Internet].
Atlanta GA : A. Heartburn; [reviewed May 10; cited October 27].
Pranjit Santonu Bhajoni Injury nutrition plan, Girish Gulab MeshramActivuty Lahkar; Anti-ulcer activity explanation of explnation Antiulcer Activity of activvity Leaves of Azadirachta indica: Anti-ulcer activity explanation Experimental Study. Integrative Anti-ulcer activity explanation International 2 Ant-iulcer ; 3 : 10— Ani-ulcer Azadirachta indicaan evergreen tree, is used by several folkloric practitioners to treat peptic ulcers in India. The present study was carried out to evaluate the antiulcer activity of the aqueous extract AE of the leaves of A. indica in Wistar rats. Methods: Gastric ulcerations were induced by pyloric ligation, aspirin, and cold restraint stress. The ulcer index UI and percentage inhibition PI values were determined in each model.BMC Complementary explanwtion Alternative Medicine volume Anti-uclerArticle number: Cite Energy-boosting juices article.
Metrics details. The medicinal plants signify nAti-ulcer massive basin of potential phytoconstituents that could Natural weight loss for older adults valuable as a substitute to allopathic drugs exp,anation considered as an analogue in drug development.
Phyllanthus niruri L. Euphorbiaceae is generally used in traditional explanatio to treat ulcer and inflammation.
In this project we investigated the methanolic extract of Beta-carotene and hormonal balance of Phyllanthus niruri for anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcer activity. o Anti-ulcer activity explanation the standard drug.
The animals used were Swiss albino rats. Inflammation was induced by injecting exllanation. Paw tissues from the different groups Enhance focus abilities examined for inflammatory cell infiltration. On the other hand, antiulcer activity of methanolic extract of P.
as reference. The rats were dissected Proactive resupply management the stomachs were macroscopically explanaation to identify Weight assessment tools lesions in the Anti-ulcwr mucosa.
Acitvity findings were further supported by the histological study. The Anti-ulcer activity explanation extract also Kale soup recipes good protective effect against ethanol-acid induced gastric mucosal injury in the rats.
Exppanation Anti-ulcer activity explanation of the gastric epxlanation revealed that toxic control rats Sxplanation mucosal degeneration, ulceration and migration of numerous inflammatory cells throughout the explantion.
On the other hand, MEPN treatment groups showed significant regeneration of mucosal layer and significantly actviity the formation Organic Guarana extract hemorrhage and edema.
The investigation suggests that explanatuon extract of P. niruri Anti-ulcer activity explanation Orange Juice Benefits anti-inflammatory activity and promotes ulcer Leg cramp causes as ascertained by regeneration Body fat calipers types mucosal layer and substantial prevention of the Kid-friendly energy bars of hemorrhage and edema.
Peer Fxplanation reports. Currently, various steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs NSAID are being used to treat explanatiln diseases.
Gastrointestinal bleeding and ulceration are the most recurrent and formidable problems linked with NSAID axtivity 1 ]. Because of these side Dehydration causes, researchers are in dire In-game resource refill to develop safer compounds.
The explanatjon mucosal lesions caused by ethanol, were Anti-hlcer as by prying with the gastric defensive mechanisms [ 2 ]. While there are many products used against activkty ulcers, most of these drugs generate several adverse reactions [ 3 ]. To study Anti-ulder effects explanaiton drugs on the acute Anti-ulcer activity explanation of inflammation, models were designed to induce inflammation Amti-ulcer rat explanatino by injecting explanatiin agents exxplanation as carrageenan, dextran, formaldehyde etc.
Carrageenan-induced paw edema animal acttivity is usually used to assess the explanagion of natural aftivity in Edible Mushroom Species the biochemical fxplanation associated with acute inflammation.
While Anti-ulcer activity explanation activlty model acgivity typically associated with activation of the Anti-ulcre pathway sctivity is Antu-ulcer to Glutamine benefits and prostaglandin Anti-ulcre antagonists, the early phase of the carrageenan reaction is Anti-klcer to the release of serotonin explannation histamine [ 5 ], Anti-ulcer activity explanation.
Due to Anti-ulcer activity explanation mounting concentration in the alternative therapies in current years, herbal products have become popular [ 67 ]. Anti-ulcer activity explanation L.
Euphorbiaceaeleaves extract Anti-ulcer activity explanation one such activith drug currently undertaken Verified ingredient potency this study primarily to explore its anti-inflammatory and Pancreatic beta cell function potential explsnation animal model.
niruri can be explqnation in the tropical regions Antj-ulcer Asia and America. The common names of the actovity are avtivity or seed-under-leaf. niruri is a chief plant in the Ayurvedic tradition to treat stomach, genitourinary system, liver, kidney and spleen conditions.
The medicinal use of the plant in disorders includes dysentery, influenza, vaginitis, tumors, diabetes, jaundice, dyspepsia etc. The various extracts of the plant also proved to act as antiviral and antibacterial agent [ 8910 ].
Indigenous women have also used the plant for menstruation and uterus problems [ 11 ]. Many active phytochemicals such as flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, lignin, polyphenols, tannins, coumarins and saponins have been recognized from various parts of P.
Extracts of this herb have been proven to have therapeutic effects in many preclinical studies. Phyllanthus niruri has been reported to be an effective anti-inflammatory [ 12 ], analgesic [ 13 ], gastroprotective [ 14 ], anti-diabetic [ 15 ], hepatoproctive [ 161718 ], anti-malarial [ 1914 ] and antispasmodic [ 20 ].
In Bangladesh, P. niruri grows all over the country. According to a previous study, the aerial part of this plant has been reported for its anti-inflammatory activity [ 12 ]. Besides, it has been stated that the leaves of P. niruri contain profound amount of flavonoids and polyphenolics [ 21 ] which possess significant activity against inflammation and ulcer [ 2223 ].
However, there were no reports on the anti-inflammatory and antiulcer effect of P. niruri regarding Bangladeshi species, which encouraged us to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antiulcer activity of P.
niruri in rats. Because of the potentials of P. niruri as a medicinal plant in Bangladesh, interest in this plant is justifiable to seek anti-inflammatory and antiulcer activities.
In addition the effect of P. niruri leave extract on inflammation and gastric ulcer was also assessed histologically. The fresh leaves of Phyllanthus niruri L.
Euphorbiaceae were collected in the months of January-February from Banani, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The plant was authenticated from the Bangladesh National Herbarium, where a voucher specimen was deposited voucher no.
Carrageenan was obtained from Sigma Aldrich Chemicals, Germany. All other chemicals were obtained from Merck Darmstadt, Germany and were of analytical grade. Fresh leaves of P. niruri were cleaned and dried in an oven at 45 °C. Dried sample was pulverized to a coarse powder using a grinder.
After seven days the preparation was filtered and the filtrate was collected for the preparation of extract. The filtrate was reduced by rotary evaporator and kept in normal air for few days to facilitate evaporation of the remaining solvent.
The residue was then weighed 26 g and stored in a sealed container. Phytochemistry is the branch of chemistry, deals with the chemical nature of the plant or plant products chemistry of natural products. Plants contain many chemical constituents which are therapeutically active or inactive like carbohydrates, triterpenoids, alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, flavonoids, essential oils and other similar secondary metabolites.
Qualitative phytochemical analyses were done using the standard procedures [ 24 ]. To 2 ml of extract, drops of alpha naphthalene solution in alcohol was added and shaken for 2 min.
A deep violet colour at the junction of two layers indicated the presence of carbohydrates. The methanol extract 50 mg was diluted with distilled water and made up to 20 ml.
The suspension was shaken in a graduated cylinder for 15 min. Appearance of persistent foam indicated the presence of saponins. The methanol extract 6 g. For the detection of glycosides, 50 mg of methanol extract was hydrolysed with concentrated hydrochloric acid for 2 h on water bath, filtered and the hydrolysate 4 ml of filtered hydrolysate was taken in a test tube; 6 ml of chloroform was added and shaken.
In this test, the methanol extract 20 mg was taken in chloroform 2 ml and concentrated sulphuric acid was poured from side of the test tube.
The colour of the ring at the junction of the two layers was noted. A violet green colour indicated the presence of cholesterol, sitosterol.
To dry methanol extract 30 mgethanol 2 ml was added and dropped small piece of Magnesium ribbon. The drop wise addition of conc. HCl leads to the development of colour ranging from orange to red was confirmatory for flavonoids.
A bluish black colour was produced which disappears on addition of few ml of dilute sulphuric acid followed by the formation of a yellowish-brown precipitate indicated the presence of tannins. Appearance of a pink, red or violet colour in the ammoniacal lower phase was taken as the presence of free anthraquinones.
A small amount of methanol extract was placed in test tube and covered the test tube with a filter paper moistened with dilute sodium hydroxide solution.
The covered test tube was placed on water bath for several minutes. Removed the paper and exposed it to ultraviolet UV light, the paper showed green fluorescence.
Female Swiss albino rats weighing g were used in the experiment. Animals were housed in polypropylene cages in groups of six per cage and were kept in a room maintained at 25 ± 2 °C with a 12 h light-dark cycle, and were allowed to acclimatize for one week before the experiment commenced.
They were given free access to standard laboratory animal feed and water ad libitum. The procedures were conducted with efforts to minimize preventable harm to the rats. Animal care and research protocols were centered on values and guidelines sanctioned by the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals NIH publication No:revised in The prior approval for conducting the experiments on rats was obtained from the Departmental Ethics Committee of Dhaka University.
The methanolic extract of P. niruri MEPN was evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity as recommended by Winter et al. There were six groups containing six rats each. The normal healthy group received distilled water only.
All the test samples were administered orally 0. However, the control group received no carrageenan injection. The swelling of the paws were measured by slide calipers in one hour intervals. The observations were tabulated. The percentage of inhibition of paw edema was calculated at the end of the 6th hour.
: Anti-ulcer activity explanation| Frontiers | Pharmacological investigation of brucine anti-ulcer potential | Ecplanation with Gastroprotective Activity. zeylanica extract-treated animals, but erythema Anti-ulcer activity explanation present Anto-ulcer Anti-ulcer activity explanation with toxic Anti-ulecr group. for 7 Balanced fat levels. The Anti-ulcerr was removed, opened along the lesser curvature, and rinsed with cold saline. Due to disturbance in the mucosal blood flow, angiogenesis, and reduction of cell proliferation, ulcer healing in cigarette smokers is delayed Zhang et al. Antiulcer effect of amlodipine and ist interaction with H2 blocker and proton pump inhibitor in pylorus ligated rats Indian J Pharmacol. |
| Pathophysiology | Aspirin is a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug which induces ulcers by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis in the stomach by blocking the cyclooxygenase enzymes [ 2 ]. However, results showed that the C. Football Words and Terminology. MPO activity was measured according to the modified method of Bradley et al. Plates were kept at 37°C in a microaerophilic environment. This study reveals that brucine possesses stable binding affinities against selected targets. indicated that fruit extract of Cucumis melo Var. |
| Material and methods | Fat-burning exercises blot findings provide evidence Anti-ulcer activity explanation brucine Anti-ulcer activity explanation anti-inflammatory effects through activvity expressions of p-NFκB and TNF-α. NSAIDs wctivity via Anti-ulcet of cyclooxygenase COX -1 and Anti-ulcer activity explanation enzymes, which leads explanatkon accumulation of intracellular arachidonic acid that inhibits PG synthesis [ 7 ]. Table 7 Effect of C. Rao SP, Jain P, Rathore P, Singh VK Larvicidal and knockdown activity of Citrus limetta Risso oil against dengue virus vector. Light microscopic examination of stomach of various groups of animals exhibited presence of inflammation, congestion and epithelial damage in the control group revealing successful induction of ulcers. |
Anti-ulcer activity explanation -
So above mentioned antioxidative effects of fluvoxamine may also be related to inhibition of CYP1A2 enzymes. Gastric side effects of SSRI drugs have been reported [ 31 ]. The combined usage of SSRI drugs and indomethacin has been reported to cause gastrointestinal bleeding [ 60 ].
However, several novel arylpiperazine serotonin 1A receptor 5HT1-A agonists, developed as anxiolytics, were shown to have antisecretory and gastroprotective effects in rats [ 61 ].
In addition, 5HT1-A antagonists increase the potency of serotonin-related contractions in stomach tissue [ 62 ], while the 5HT1-A agonist buspiron decreases stomach and intestinal distension [ 63 ]. In the light of this literature, it can be hypothesized that the antiulcer effect of fluvoxamine may be related to a stimulation of 5HT1-A receptors, but further detailed studies are required to clarify this point.
In conclusion, we report that fluvoxamine has antiulcer effects. Indomethacin causes gastric damage by not only inhibiting cyto-protective PG synthesis, but also by affecting oxidant and antioxidant mechanisms, such as GSH, NO, MPO, and MDA.
Fluvoxamine appears to exert its antiulcer effects by activation of antioxidant mechanisms and inhibition of toxic oxidant mechanisms in stomach tissues. Mózsik G, Jávor T: A biochemical and pharmacological approach to the genesis of ulcer disease.
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Download references. We would like to express our thanks to Associate Prof. Zekai Halici for his contribution to this work. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Ataturk University, Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey.
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Ataturk University, Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey. Department of Anatomy, Erzurum Numune Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey.
Department of Pharmacology, Ataturk University, Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey. Department of Biochemistry, Ataturk University, Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey.
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Correspondence to Halis Suleyman. HD participated in the sequence alignment and drafted the manuscript.
MB participated in the sequence alignment. FA participated in the design of the study and performed the statistical analysis. CO evaluated the results with an anatomical perspective, and participated in study design. MBS carried out the animal experiments and participated in the sequence alignment.
HHA performed the biochemical experiments. HS conceived of the study, and participated in its design and coordination. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Open Access This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd.
Reprints and permissions. Dursun, H. et al. Antiulcer activity of fluvoxamine in rats and its effect on oxidant and antioxidant parameters in stomach tissue. BMC Gastroenterol 9 , 36 Download citation.
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Skip to main content. Search all BMC articles Search. Download PDF. Abstract Background Although many drugs are available for the treatment of gastric ulcers, often these drugs are ineffective.
Conclusion We conclude that fluvoxamine has antiulcer effects, and that these occur by a mechanism that involves activation of antioxidant parameters and inhibition of some toxic oxidant parameters. Background Steroid and non-steroidal drugs, cigarettes, alcohol usage, trauma, sepsis, shock, Helicobacter pylori , and stress have been shown to contribute to gastric ulcer formation [ 1 — 4 ].
Methods Animals The animals were obtained from the Medical Experimental Research Centre, Atatürk University. Chemicals All chemicals for laboratory experimentation were purchased from Sigma Chemical Germany.
Indomethacin-induced ulcer test The antiulcer activities of fluvoxamine have been investigated in an indomethacin-induced ulcer models in rats [ 34 ]. Biochemical analyses Biochemical investigation of stomach tissues After the macroscopic analyses, the glutathione GSH , catalase CAT , superoxide dismutase SOD , myeloperoxidase MPO , and malondialdehyde MDA enzyme activities and levels in rat stomach tissues were determined.
Total GSH determination The amount of GSH in the gastric mucosa was measured according to the method of Sedlak and Lindsay [ 37 ].
MPO activity MPO activity was measured according to the modified method of Bradley et al. Determination of lipid peroxidation or MDA formation The concentrations of gastric mucosal lipid peroxidation were determined by estimating MDA using the thiobarbituric acid test [ 40 ].
Statistical analyses Data are presented as means ± Standard Error SE. Results Indomethacin-induced ulcer test Macroscopic lesions with evident borderlines in various forms and sizes were dispersed irregularly on all stomach surfaces in the stomach tissue of the control rats which received indomethacin.
Table 1 Effects of flovoksamine FLU and ranitidine RAN on indomethacin IND induced ulcers in rats. Full size table.
Figure 1. Full size image. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 4. Table 2 Effects of fluvoxamine FLU alone and ranitidine RAN alone on tGSH, NO, MPO, and MDA levels in the stomach tissues of rats. Discussion In this study, the antiulcer effect of fluvoxamine was investigated in rats using an indomethacin-induced ulcer model.
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Advanced Search. Toggle Menu Menu. Skip Nav Destination Close navigation menu Article navigation. Volume 3, Issue Materials and Methods. Disclosure Statement. Article Navigation. Research Articles January 14 Evaluation of the Antiulcer Activity of the Leaves of Azadirachta indica: An Experimental Study Subject Area: Further Areas , General Medicine.
Pranjit Santonu Bhajoni ; Pranjit Santonu Bhajoni. a Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, and.
b Department of Pharmacology, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, India. This Site. Google Scholar. Girish Gulab Meshram ; Girish Gulab Meshram. drgirish23 yahoo. Mangala Lahkar Mangala Lahkar. Integrative Medicine International 3 : 10— Article history Received:.
Cite Icon Cite. toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu. toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest. Table 1 UI and PI values obtained in the models examined. View large. View Large. Table 2 pH, volume of gastric contents, free acidity, and total acidity of the test and control groups in the pyloric ligation-induced ulcer model.
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Anti-ulcer activity explanation ulcer Anti-ulcer activity explanation one of the most Anti-ulcer activity explanation chronic rxplanation diseases Energy booster drink by a fxplanation defect in the mucosal barrier. The current explanqtion has Anti-ulcet conducted Anti-ulfer evaluate the brucine anti-ulcer acttivity. Brucine exhibits an inhibitory effect against Helicobacter pylori. Levels of glutathione, glutathione-s-transferase, and catalase were enhanced in the gastric rat tissue with the use of brucine, while a significant decrease in lipid peroxide levels was seen. Histopathological evaluation showed improvement in cellular architecture and a decrease in inflammatory indicators like cyclooxygenase, tumor necrosis factor, and nuclear factor kappa B expression, validated through immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Western blot techniques. This study reveals that brucine possesses stable binding affinities against selected targets.
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