Phytochemicals and longevity -
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Both of these phytochemicals, abundantly represented in the natural diet of the honey bee, upregulate expression of a diversity of cytochrome P genes [ 20 ], including all three CYP9Q genes in honey bees, which are involved in the metabolism of many pesticides, including pyrethroids, organophosphates [ 78 ] and neonicotinoids [ 21 ].
Moreover, the triazole fungicides interact synergistically with neonicotinoids [ 79 , 80 ] and pyrethroids [ 81 ] in A. Finally, Mao et al. These results collectively suggest an important role of CYPs in honey bee detoxification of propiconazole.
Upregulation of these cytochrome P genes by phytochemicals may thus compensate, at least in part, for the inhibitory impacts of the triazole fungicides and possibly the anthranilic diamide insecticide chlorantraniliprole.
Other properties of quercetin and p -coumaric acid may also contribute to reducing insecticide toxicity and prolonging survival. Because chlorantraniliprole [ 87 , 88 ] and propiconazole [ 89 ] are both known to induce oxidative stress in other insects, phytochemicals may enhance longevity by attenuating pesticide-induced stress [ 90 ].
Quercetin [ 91 , 92 ] and p -coumaric acid [ 93 — 95 ] are both known for their antioxidant properties, which may also contribute to a mechanism by which they enhances survival in the presence of pesticides. Similarly, quercetin is ubiquitous in nectars utilized by honey bees; p -coumaric acid is present in many honeys, likely due to their content of pollen grains [ 14 ] and has been used as a marker for identifying floral sources in certain honeys [ 41 , ].
Their reliable association with bee food may account for their apparent acquisition of a regulatory function in detoxification of ingested substances. The fact that the ability of these two phytochemicals to extend lifespan and alleviate pesticide toxicity is concentration-dependent should be taken into account in any efforts to incorporate them as additives to food substitutes to improve their quality for beekeeping applications and pollinator health.
We thank Dr. Terry Harrison and Alison Sankey at the University of Illinois Bee Research Facility for assistance with colony establishment; Dr. Gene Robinson for access to the UIUC apiaries, and Dr.
Maminirina Randrianandrasana for comments on an early draft of the manuscript. We also thank Dr. Chia-Hua Lin and Dr. Reed Johnson from Ohio State University for advice on pesticide tank-mix ratios and for helpful discussion.
Finally, we thank Dr. Nathan Schroeder and Dr. Britt Carlson, from the Phenotypic Plasticity Research Experience for Community College Students Program, for their encouragement and support.
Browse Subject Areas? Click through the PLOS taxonomy to find articles in your field. Article Authors Metrics Comments Media Coverage Reader Comments Figures. Abstract For the past decade, migratory beekeepers who provide honey bees for pollination services have experienced substantial colony losses on a recurring basis that have been attributed in part to exposure to insecticides, fungicides, or their combinations applied to crops.
Introduction Many fungal diseases initiate their disease cycles during plant host flowering. Chemicals Commercial granulated cane sugar Domino Foods, Inc. Effective range of phytochemicals on adult honey bee survival Two phytochemicals in four concentrations, p -coumaric acid 5, 50, , μM and quercetin Download: PPT.
Table 1. Naturally occurring concentrations of quercetin and p -coumaric acid in bee products 1. Propiconazole: Chlorantraniliprole tank-mix ratio assay We chose for bioassay the ratio propiconazole: chlorantraniliprole suggested for field tank-mixed applications in almond orchards and examined by Wade et al.
Statistical analysis of bioassays Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS software version Fig 1. Kaplan—Meier plots of honey bee longevity with dietary amendments at a range of concentrations. Fig 2.
Kaplan—Meier plots of honey bee longevity on diets varying in phytochemical and pesticide content. Fig 3. Kaplan—Meier survival curves of honey bees on tank-mix ratio pesticide treatments. Fig 4. Kaplan—Meier survival curves of honey bees on dietary tank-mix pesticides and phytochemicals.
Discussion The beneficial effects of two routinely ingested phytochemicals, p -coumaric acid and quercetin, on adult honey bees appear upon consumption of concentrations naturally encountered in floral foods by adult bees over their lifetimes, suggesting that the detoxification system of A.
Supporting information. S1 Fig. Cox regression model. s DOCX. S1 Table. Naturally occurring concentrations of quercetin and p -coumaric acid in bee products from different botanical origin. S2 Table. Naturally occurring concentrations of quercetin and p -coumaric acid in bee products from different geographic origin.
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The aim of this study was to analyse the nutraceutical properties of table green olives Nocellara del Belice , a traditional Mediterranean food. The Mediterranean Diet has as key elements olives and extra virgin o Skip to main content.
Search all BMC articles Search. Nutrigerontology: a key for achieving successful ageing and longevity Nutrigerontology is defined as the scientific discipline that studies the impact of nutrients, foods, macronutrient ratios, and diets on lifespan, ageing process, and age-related diseases.
Authors: Anna Aiello, Giulia Accardi, Giuseppina Candore, Giuseppe Carruba, Sergio Davinelli, Giuseppe Passarino, Giovanni Scapagnini, Sonya Vasto and Calogero Caruso.
Content type: Editorial Published on: 21 May Authors: Sergio Davinelli, Michael Maes, Graziamaria Corbi, Armando Zarrelli, Donald Craig Willcox and Giovanni Scapagnini.
Lee and K. Min, longeevity Anti-aging Lontevity From Basic Research to Clinical Practice, ed. Phytochemkcals, The Royal Phytochemicals and longevity Sports nutrition resources Chemistry,Phytohemicals. Phytochemicals are secondary metabolites synthesized by plants to provide Abd in survival and protection from environmental stress factors. Many phytochemicals have anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory characteristics that improve health and prevent diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative disorders, in animals. In addition to the health-improving and disease-preventing effects, phytochemicals also have been shown to retard the aging process and extend lifespans in various experimental animal studies using yeast, worms, flies, fishes, and rodents.
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