Alpha-lipoic acid OMAD and gut microbiome is a possible alternative Alpha-lipoic acid and blood sugar control to treat the blooc associated with diabetic polyneuropathy.
Neuropathy, or nerve Foods to avoid for better performance, is a common and potentially serious complication of diabetes.
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ALA may Alpha-lippic help the body be more sensitive to insulin. Alpha-lipoic acid and blood sugar control with Alpja-lipoic might use ALA in supplemental form Alpha-lipoc help neuropathy.
This supplement aci promising, but you should still address bloor and Alpha-ipoic questions before you sugarr ALA. Neuropathy contrlo develop in people with diabetes as a Alphal-ipoic of high blood glucose, or Alpha-liooic.
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Acdi research Weight management resources ALA suggests it may Alpha-lipolc treat eugar pressure contrkl heart problems associated Alpha-lipoif autonomic neuropathy.
Alpha-lipoic acid and blood sugar control study is cobtrol to qnd this finding. This antioxidant is suggar water- and Alpha-lipoic acid and blood sugar control. All areas of your body may absorb it. ALA is a potential natural method for relieving nerve pain that occurs due to diabetes.
ALA potentially lowers blood glucose, which can protect from nerve damage. ALA is available in different forms for people with diabetes. Some studies have involved the use of intravenous IV versions of ALA.
A healthcare professional helps administer IV ALA. Excessively high doses of IV ALA can harm your liver. Some doctors may axid it in shots. ALA is also available in oral supplements. Your vision can be distorted if your macula thickens due to fluid buildup.
ALA is a natural antioxidant found in foods and supplied by your body in small quantities. Controlling your blood sugar is the best way to prevent diabetic neuropathy. Few treatments are available once you have nerve damage.
Prescription pain relievers can provide some pain relief, but some types can also be dangerous and addictive. Prevention with good glucose control is the best option.
Ask your doctor about the safest, most effective dose for your condition. You may find that you get enough ALA from your current diet.
As with any dietary Alpha-lipoif, you should talk to your doctor before you start taking it. Stop taking ALA immediately if you notice any unusual side effects or if your symptoms worsen. Once you have diabetic neuropathy, the goal is to reduce pain and other symptoms.
Doing so can increase your Allha-lipoic of life. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. VIEW ALL HISTORY. Diabetic neuropathy is a common but painful symptom of diabetes.
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How Well Do You Sleep? Health Conditions Discover Plan Connect. Type 2 Diabetes. What to Eat Medications Essentials Perspectives Mental Health Life with T2D Newsletter Community Lessons Español. Alpha-Lipoic Acid ALA and Diabetic Neuropathy. Medically reviewed by Philip Ngo, PharmD — By Kristeen Cherney b,ood Updated on September 6, Symptoms of diabetic neuropathy.
How does ALA work? Side effects of ALA. Should you take ALA for diabetes? How we reviewed this article: Sources. Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. We avoid using tertiary references.
You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy. Sep 6, Written By Kristeen Cherney, PhD. Aug 20, Written By Kristeen Cherney, PhD. Share this article. Read this next. Diabetic Neuropathy: Can It Be Reversed?
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: Alpha-lipoic acid and blood sugar control| What is Alpha-Lipoic Acid? | Latest Articles View more in. Download PDF. Nonalcoholic fatty liver: A possible new target for type 2 diabetes prevention and treatment. General Information. Tolunay O, Çelik T, Kömür M, Gezgin AE, Kaya MS, Çelik Ü. By swooping in and neutralizing free radicals, ALA acts as a shield, safeguarding your cells from damage and promoting overall health. Electron Physician. |
| Highlighting Alpha Lipoic Acid in Diabetes | J Appl Nutr. Inset: Acdi IPGTT is shown as the area under the curve AUC. Am J Nephrol. View author publications. The prevention of glycation by ALA does not, however, affect plasma lipids. |
| General description | Altunina NV, Lizogub VG, Bondarchuk OM. Journal of Diabetes Investigation 4 — Saeid G, Mohammad B, Ismail L. Exercise and Male Hormones: Functional Medicine Insights for Hormonal Optimization. To date, there is little evidence to support any of these claims. Alpha-Lipoic Acid Testing, Foods, and Supplements. J Diabetes Metab Disord. |
| Health Benefits of Alpha-Lipoic Acid | What's the Link Between Alpha-Lipoic Acid and Diabetes? Antioxidant Effects: ALA helps combat oxidative stress, a condition characterized by an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants in the body. While our study averaged 16 weeks in duration, a report from a previous study 11 indicates supplementation duration of fewer than 12 weeks results in a significant reduction in serum LDL. It is possible that ALA has variable effects that depend on dose as well as duration of administration. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to May for trials of oral ALA supplementation in adults with T2D. NAFLD is frequently associated with metabolic syndrome, obesity, DM and dyslipidemia [ 90 ]. |
| Alpha Lipoic Acid - Health Encyclopedia - University of Rochester Medical Center | A dose of milligrams to 1, milligrams daily appears the most common in studies. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of deprenyl and thioctic acid in human immunodeficiency virus-associated cognitive impairment. Malik RA, Tesfaye S, Ziegler D. Blazquez C, Geelen MJ, Velasco G, Guzmán M: The AMP activated protein kinase prevents ceramide synthesis de novo and astrocytes. Capece, U. In one reported case, a year-old woman experienced multiple organ failures from too much ALA. It has been suggested that the presence of S -lipoic acid in the racemic mixture may limit the polymerization of R -lipoic acid and enhance its bioavailability |
Alpha-lipoic acid and blood sugar control -
Moreover, taking alpha-lipoic acid before and after surgery for carpal tunnel syndrome has been shown to improve recovery outcomes Studies have also discovered that alpha-lipoic acid may ease symptoms of diabetic neuropathy, which is nerve pain caused by uncontrolled diabetes 14 , Chronic inflammation is linked to several diseases, including cancer and diabetes.
In an analysis of 11 studies, alpha-lipoic acid significantly lowered levels of the inflammatory marker C-reactive protein CRP in adults with high levels of CRP In test-tube studies, alpha-lipoic acid has reduced markers of inflammation, including NF-kB, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, and IL-6 30 , 31 , 32 , Heart disease is responsible for one in four deaths in America Research from a combination of lab, animal, and human studies has shown that the antioxidant properties of alpha-lipoic acid may lower several heart disease risk factors.
First, antioxidant properties allow alpha-lipoic acid to neutralize free radicals and reduce oxidative stress, which is linked to damage that can increase heart disease risk Alpha-lipoic acid has strong antioxidant properties, which may reduce inflammation and skin aging, promote healthy nerve function, lower heart disease risk factors, and slow the progression of memory loss disorders.
In some cases, people may experience mild symptoms like nausea , rashes, or itching. However, research shows that adults can take up to 2, mg without harmful side effects Furthermore, animal research has found that extremely high doses of alpha-lipoic acid may promote oxidation, alter liver enzymes, and place strain on liver and breast tissue 38 , To date, very few studies have looked at the safety of alpha-lipoic acid in children and pregnant women.
These populations should not take it unless advised to do so by their healthcare provider. If you have diabetes, consult your healthcare provider before taking alpha-lipoic acid, as it may interact with other medicines that help lower blood sugar levels.
Alpha-lipoic acid is generally safe with little to no side effects. In some instances, people may experience mild symptoms, such as nausea, rashes, or itching.
Good sources of alpha-lipoic acid include 3 :. Alpha-lipoic acid is also available as a supplement and can be found in many health stores and online. Supplements can contain up to 1, times more alpha-lipoic acid than foods 3.
Though there is no set dosage, most evidence suggests that — mg is sufficient and safe. Alternatively, you can follow the instructions on the back of the bottle. People with diabetic complications or cognitive disorders may require more alpha-lipoic acid. Alpha-lipoic acid is naturally present in red meats, organ meats, and several plants.
Alpha-lipoic acid is an organic compound with antioxidant properties. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. Neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes.
Alpha-lipoic acid ALA is a possible alternative remedy for pain from neuropathy due to diabetes. Some experts have suggested that substances in milk can inactive antioxidants in foods and beverages.
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Health Conditions Discover Plan Connect. Nutrition Evidence Based Alpha-Lipoic Acid: Weight Loss, Other Benefits and Side Effects. Medically reviewed by Atli Arnarson BSc, PhD — By Ryan Raman, MS, RD — Updated on March 30, How we vet brands and products Healthline only shows you brands and products that we stand behind.
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We do the research so you can find trusted products for your health and wellness. Read more about our vetting process. Was this helpful? Share on Pinterest. Treatment of gastric cancer cells with lipoic acid limited NOX-generated ROS production and reduced cancer cell proliferation induced by Helicobacter pylori H.
pylori infection The binding of insulin to the insulin receptor stimulates a cascade of protein phosphorylations leading to the translocation of glucose transporters GLUT4 to the cell membrane and an increased cellular uptake of glucose 3 , Lipoic acid has been found to activate the insulin signaling cascade in cultured cells 3 , 42, 43 , increase GLUT4 translocation to cell membranes, and increase glucose uptake in cultured adipose and muscle cells 44, A computer modeling study suggested that lipoic acid might bind to the intracellular tyrosine kinase domain of the insulin receptor and stabilize the active form of the enzyme In addition to Nrf2 and insulin signaling pathways, lipoic acid was found to target other cell-signaling molecules thereby affecting a variety of cellular processes, including metabolism , stress responses, proliferation , and survival.
For example, in cultured endothelial cells, lipoic acid was found to inhibit IKK-β, an enzyme that promotes the translocation of redox -sensitive and pro-inflammatory transcription factor , nuclear factor-kappa B NFκB from the cytosol to the nucleus Additionally, lipoic acid increased mitochondrial biogenesis through triggering AMP -activated protein kinase AMPK -induced transcription factor PGC-1α activation in skeletal muscle of aged mice Several reviews of the literature have described pathways that are potential targets of lipoic acid in various models and under different experimental conditions Lipoic acid deficiency has been described in rare cases of inherited mutations in the lipoic acid biosynthetic pathway.
Mutations identified in patients with defective lipoic acid metabolism affect genes involved in the synthesis of iron-sulfur clusters and genes coding for lipoic acid synthetase LIAS , lipoyl transferase 1 LIPT1 , and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase E3 component of α-ketoacid dehydrogenase complexes; DLD 5 , 53, Chronically elevated blood glucose concentration is the hallmark of diabetes mellitus.
Type 1 diabetes is caused by the autoimmune destruction of the insulin -producing β-cells of the pancreas , leading to an insufficient production of insulin.
Exogenous insulin is required to maintain a normal blood glucose concentration i. In contrast, impaired tissue glucose uptake in response to insulin a phenomenon called insulin resistance plays a key role in the development of type 2 diabetes Although patients with type 2 diabetes may eventually require insulin, interventions that enhance insulin sensitivity may be used to maintain normal blood glucose concentrations.
The term 'prediabetes' is sometimes used to describe early metabolic abnormalities that place individuals at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Of note, these patients are also at high risk for cardiovascular disease. The effect of high-dose lipoic acid on glucose utilization has been primarily examined in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
An early clinical trial in 13 patients with type 2 diabetes found that a single intravenous infusion of 1, mg of lipoic acid improved insulin -stimulated glucose disposal i. A systematic review and meta-analysis identified 20 randomized controlled trials published between and that examined the effect of supplemental lipoic acid on markers of glucose utilization in 1, subjects with metabolic disorders not limited to type 2 diabetes The inner lining of blood vessels, known as the vascular endothelium , plays an important role in the maintenance of cardiovascular health.
In particular, nitric oxide NO regulates vascular tone and blood flow by promoting the relaxation of all types of blood vessels, including arteries — a phenomenon called vasodilation. Alterations in NO-mediated endothelium-dependent vasodilation results in widespread vasoconstriction and coagulation abnormalities and is considered to be an early step in the development of atherosclerosis.
The presence of chronic hyperglycemia , insulin resistance , oxidative stress , and pro-inflammatory mechanisms contribute to endothelial dysfunction in patients with diabetes mellitus The measurement of brachial flow-mediated dilation FMD is often used as a surrogate marker of endothelial function.
Two techniques are being used to measure endothelium-dependent vasodilation. One technique measures the forearm blood flow by venous occlusion plethysmography during infusion of acetylcholine.
Using this invasive technique, intra-arterial infusion of lipoic acid was found to improve endothelium-dependent vasodilation in 39 subjects with type 2 diabetes but not in 11 healthy controls A more recent randomized , double-blind , placebo -controlled study in 30 patients with type 2 diabetes found that intravenous infusion of mg of lipoic acid improved the response to the endothelium-dependent vasodilator acetylcholine but not to the endothelium-independent vasodilator, glycerol trinitrate Another noninvasive technique using ultrasound to measure flow-mediated vasodilation was used in two additional studies conducted by Xiang et al.
The results of these randomized, placebo-controlled studies showed that intravenous lipoic acid could improve endothelial function in patients with impaired fasting glucose 64 or impaired glucose tolerance Peripheral neuropathy is also a leading cause of lower limb amputation in diabetic patients Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain chronic hyperglycemia -induced nerve damage, such as intracellular accumulation of sorbitol, glycation reactions, and oxidative and nitrosative stress reviewed in The results of several large randomized controlled trials indicated that maintaining blood glucose at near normal concentrations was the most important step in limiting the risk of diabetic neuropathy and lower extremity amputation However, evidence of the efficacy of enhanced control of glycemia in preventing neuropathy is stronger in patients with type 1 diabetes than in those with type 2 diabetes Moreover, this glucose control intervention increased the risk of hypoglycemic episodes The efficacy of lipoic acid, administered either intravenously or orally, in the management of neuropathic symptoms has been examined in patients with diabetes.
Regarding the efficacy of oral lipoic acid supplementation, an initial short-term study in 24 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus found that the symptoms of peripheral neuropathy improved in those who took mg of lipoic acid three times a day for three weeks compared to those who took a placebo Evidence of improvements in sensory and motor deficits — assessed by physicians — could be observed after three weeks of intravenous lipoic acid therapy, yet not at the end of six months of oral lipoic acid therapy.
Yet, measures of specific neuropathic impairments secondary outcomes improved with lipoic acid supplementation A post-hoc analysis suggested that oral lipoic acid supplementation may reduce neuropathic symptoms particularly in subjects with a high burden of cardiovascular disease , diabetes, and neuropathy yet with normal body mass index BMI and blood pressure CAN is characterized by damage to the nerve fibers that innervate the heart and blood vessels, leading to reduced heart rate variability variability in the time interval between heartbeats and increased risk of mortality Summary: Overall, the available research suggests that treatment with intravenous or oral lipoic acid may help reduce symptoms of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
The use of lipoic acid is currently approved for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy in Germany 4. It is important to note that many of the studies that examined the efficacy of lipoic acid in the treatment of diabetic neuropathy have been primarily conducted by one German research group and funded by the manufacturer of lipoic acid in Germany Chronic hyperglycemia can damage blood vessels in the retina and cause a potentially sight-threatening condition called diabetic retinopathy One placebo-controlled study examined the effect of lipoic acid on the visual capability of 80 participants of whom 12 had type 1 diabetes, 48 had type 2 diabetes, and 20 were diabetes-free.
The result showed that daily oral administration of mg of lipoic acid for three months prevented the deterioration of contrast sensitivity in patients with diabetes and improved it in healthy patients compared to placebo Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease of unknown etiology that is characterized by the progressive destruction of myelin and nerve fibers in the central nervous system , causing neurological symptoms in affected individuals There are four main types of multiple sclerosis defined according to the disease course: i clinically isolated syndrome, ii relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, iii secondary progressive multiple sclerosis, and iv primary progressive multiple sclerosis for more information, visit the National Multiple Sclerosis Society website Lipoic acid was found to effectively slow disease progression when administered either orally 87 , intraperitoneally 88 , or subcutaneously 89 to mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis EAE , a model of multiple sclerosis.
Only a few studies have examined lipoic acid supplementation in humans. In this study, higher serum concentrations of lipoic acid were associated with the lowest serum concentrations of MMP-9 — a marker of inflammation Another study suggested that an oral dose of 1, mg of lipoic acid in subjects with multiple sclerosis could help achieve serum lipoic acid concentrations similar to those found to be therapeutic in mice Supplemental lipoic acid also decreased the serum concentrations of some IFN-γ, ICAM-1, TGF-γ, IL-4 , but not all markers TNF-γ, IL-6, MMP-9 , cytokines and other inflammation In addition, lipoic acid supplementation did not reduce the severity of multiple sclerosis symptoms, as assessed by the Expanded Disability Status Scale EDSS scoring system 98, It is not known whether oral lipoic acid supplementation can slow cognitive decline related to aging or pathological conditions in humans.
However, the significance of these findings is difficult to assess without a control group for comparison. Interestingly, patients who took fish oil concentrate together with lipoic acid showed no worsening of global cognitive function as assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE] score system over 12 months as opposed to those who took either the fish oil concentrate alone or a placebo A meta-analysis of randomized , placebo -controlled trials found that lipoic acid supplementation in those with high body mass index BMI resulted in significant, yet modest, reductions in weight 9 studies and BMI 11 studies in the absence of caloric restriction except in one study There was no reduction in waist circumference with supplemental lipoic acid 5 studies Substantial weight and BMI reductions with lipoic acid supplementation in overweight or obese subjects were also reported in a prior meta-analysis R -lipoic acid is synthesized endogenously by humans see Metabolism and Bioavailability.
R -lipoic acid occurs naturally in food covalently bound to lysine in proteins lipoyllysine; see Figure 1. Although lipoic acid is found in a wide variety of foods from plant and animal sources, quantitative information on the lipoic acid or lipoyllysine content of food is limited; published databases are lacking.
Somewhat lower amounts of lipoyllysine ~0. Unlike lipoic acid in foods, lipoic acid in supplements is not bound to protein. Moreover, the amounts of lipoic acid available in dietary supplements mg are likely as much as 1, times greater than the amounts that could be obtained from the diet.
In Germany, lipoic acid is approved for the treatment of diabetic neuropathies and is available by prescription Lipoic acid is available as a dietary supplement without a prescription in the US. Most lipoic acid supplements contain a racemic mixture of R -lipoic acid and S -lipoic acid sometimes noted d,l -lipoic acid.
Supplements that claim to contain only R -lipoic acid are usually more expensive, and information regarding their purity is not publicly available Since taking lipoic acid with a meal decreases its bioavailability , it is generally recommended that lipoic acid be taken 30 min prior to a meal see also Metabolism and Bioavailability 8.
R -lipoic acid is the isomer that is synthesized by plants and animals and functions as a cofactor for mitochondrial enzymes in its protein -bound form see Biological Activities.
Direct comparisons of the bioavailability of the oral racemic mixture and R -lipoic acid supplements have not been published. Both isomers were nonetheless rapidly metabolized and eliminated 6 , 8 , In rats, R -lipoic acid was more effective than S -lipoic acid in enhancing insulin -stimulated glucose transport and metabolism in skeletal muscle , and R -lipoic acid was more effective than R,S -lipoic acid and S -lipoic acid in preventing cataracts However, all of the published human studies have used R,S -lipoic acid racemic mixture.
It has been suggested that the presence of S -lipoic acid in the racemic mixture may limit the polymerization of R -lipoic acid and enhance its bioavailability At present, it remains unclear which supplemental form is best to use in clinical trials.
In general, high-dose lipoic acid administration has been found to have few serious side effects. Two mild anaphylactoid reactions and one severe anaphylactic reaction, including laryngospasm, were reported after intravenous lipoic acid administration The most frequently reported side effects of oral lipoic acid supplementation are allergic reactions affecting the skin, including rashes, hives, and itching.
Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and vertigo have also been reported, and one trial found that the incidence of nausea, vomiting, and vertigo was dose-dependent A retrospective observational study reported that daily oral supplementation with mg of lipoic acid racemic mixture during pregnancy and without interruption from a period spanning between week 10 and week 30 of gestation and until the end of week 37 was not associated with any adverse effect in mothers and their newborns In absence of further evidence, lipoic acid supplementation during pregnancy should only be considered under strict medical supervision.
The safety of lipoic acid supplements in lactating women has not been established and should thus be discouraged A case of intoxication was reported in a month old child The child was admitted to hospital with seizure , acidosis, and unconsciousness. Symptomatic management and rapid elimination of lipoic acid led to a full recovery without sequelae within five days.
The non-accidental ingestion of a very high dose of lipoic acid led to multi-organ failure and subsequent death of an adolescent girl In theory, because lipoic acid supplementation may improve insulin -mediated glucose utilization see Diabetes mellitus , there is a potential risk of hypoglycemia in diabetic patients using insulin or oral anti-diabetic agents Consequently, blood glucose concentrations should be monitored closely when lipoic acid supplementation is added to diabetes treatment regimens.
The chemical structure of biotin is similar to that of lipoic acid, and there is some evidence that high concentrations of lipoic acid can compete with biotin for transport across cell membranes , Originally written in by: Jane Higdon, Ph.
Linus Pauling Institute Oregon State University. Updated in July by: Jane Higdon, Ph. Updated in April by: Jane Higdon, Ph. Updated in January by: Victoria J. Drake, Ph. Updated in October by: Barbara Delage, Ph. Reviewed in January by: Tory M. Hagen, Ph. Principal Investigator, Linus Pauling Institute Professor, Dept.
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To examine the dose-dependent qcid of oral xugar acid ALA supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes Contrll. We followed the Alpha-lipoic acid and blood sugar control outlined in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews Alpha-lipoic acid and blood sugar control Interventions L-carnitine benefits the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation Handbook to conduct our systematic review. The protocol of the study was registered in PROSPERO CRD We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to May for trials of oral ALA supplementation in adults with T2D. The primary outcomes were HbA1c, weight loss, and LDL cholesterol LDL-C. Secondary outcomes included fasting plasma glucose FPGtriglyceride TGC-reactive protein CRPand blood pressure.
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