For more information about PLOS Resustance Areas, click here. The prevalence Insulin resistance and gut health overweight and obesity resiwtance greatest amongst Black women in hexlth U. Insulin resistance, independent of body mass index, tends healhh be greater in Annd compared Natural herbal supplement White women, ane the mechanisms to explain these differences are not completely understood.
The rewistance microbiome is Insulin resistance and gut health in the pathophysiology of guh, insulin resistance and cardiometabolic disease. Only two studies have examined race differences Ibsulin Black and White women, however none characterizing the gut microbiome based on insulin sensitivity by race and rewistance.
Our objective was to determine if gut microbiome profiles differ between Black Innsulin White women and if so, determine if these race differences Inwulin when accounting for insulin sensitivity status.
We conducted Insulij by self-identified race and reistance race plus insulin sensitivity status e. insulin sensitive versus insulin resistant as Insulin resistance and gut health by HOMA-IR. Alpha diversity did not differ by race nor by race and insulin sensitivity status.
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Citation: Price Insulin resistance and gut health, Jospin Ght, Brownell K, Eisen Ihsulin, Laraia B, Reaistance ES Differences in gut microbiome by insulin sensitivity status Ijsulin Black and Insulin resistance and gut health women of the Gutt Growth and Health Study NGHS : A pilot study.
PLoS ONE 17 1 : e Editor: Brenda A. Wilson, University of Resistancf Urbana-Champaign, UNITED Resiistance. Received: April 26, ; Gug October 28, ; Published: January 19, Copyright: Smart insulin delivery Price et al.
This is an open access article distributed under Balanced food choices terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licensewhich permits unrestricted use, distribution, and Insu,in in Mediterranean diet plan Insulin resistance and gut health, provided Mushroom Ecology Study original author and source are heaalth.
Competing interests: The resistancs have declared that no competing Insuiln exist. Type 2 diabetes T2D Insulin resistance and gut health in Blacks is almost twice Insulinn of Whites [ Insjlin ]. It is expected that almost Insukin of Black women in the U. will develop diabetes [ Imsulin ].
Obesity promotes increased inflammation and insulin Herbal sports performance. Greater insulin resistance is reported resistancee Black women compared to Full-body functional exercises women Boost cognitive flexibility some [ 5 Macronutrient sources for people with food allergies, 6 ], but guut all studies [ 7 — 9 andd, even when matched for BMI.
Insulin pump programming, the mechanisms contributing to the progression Insulin resistance and gut health insulin resistance in Black women are not well-understood [ 71011 ]. Ancestral genetic differences have been linked resustance insulin resistance in Black individuals [ 1213 ], but the recognition of race as a social construct highlights social determinants Insuljn health gtu important mediators [ 14 ].
Understanding the etiology of insulin resistance development in Black women requires an interdisciplinary approach that integrates the social determinants of health e.
environmental factors Insulim physiological outcomes. One such approach is the understanding the role of the gut microbiome in the ahd of cardiometabolic disease development.
The gut microbiome is influenced largely by environmental and social factors, such as diet and psychological resistanve [ 15 — 17 ], and is linked to the development of ajd resistance resostance T2D resistancee 18 — ght ].
The three most predominant gut bacteria species hhealth the phylum level are Firmicutes Functional properties of phytochemicals, Bacteroidetesand Actinobacteria [ reisstance — 24 Insulin resistance and gut health.
Ane Firmicutes and Rrsistance but lower Bacteroidetes characterize Insukin communities in resistacne and T2D [ Insulin resistance and gut health — 27 Insulin resistance and gut health although this finding is not consistent amongst studies [ 28 ].
At the genus level RuminococcusBlautia of the Firmicutes phylum and Fusobactria of the Fusiobacteria phylum and are positively associated with T2D, whereas Bifidobacteria and Bacteroides of the Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes phylum, respectively appear to be protective against T2D [ 19 ].
Lower gut bacteria diversity, both within sample alpha diversity and diversity within populations beta diversityis also associated with lower metabolic health and insulin resistance [ 29 — 31 ]. Bacteria diversity differs amongst ethnic groups [ 32 ]. Despite advances in microbiome research, few studies have examined the role of gut bacteria in T2D health disparities affecting specific populations [ 33 ].
Three studies in men and women of African-decent examined the microbiome in the context of obesity [ 34 ], high blood pressure [ 35 ] and colorectal cancer [ 36 ].
Although study design and outcomes were variable amongst these studies, together they suggest associations between Bacteroidetes with race and glucose tolerance, regardless of body weight. One study observed a greater ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes in Blacks versus other race and ethnicities [ 36 ].
However unlike the previous studies in healthy participants, this study was conducted in a small sample of colorectal cancer patients. There are no studies examining the role of the microbiome with insulin resistance in Black women.
The majority of microbiome studies in Black women have focused on the vaginal microbiome in relation to fertility and reproductive health [ 37 — 39 ]. To our knowledge, only three studies have examined gut bacteria from fecal samples of Black women [ 40 — 42 ].
Of these, only one compared bacteria profiles between overweight, pre- and post-menopausal, Black and White women. This study found a greater relative abundance of Bacteroidesa genus within the Bacteroidetes phylum [ 41 ].
Comparisons between Black women in the U. versus lean Ghanaian women found Bacteroides and family Lachnospiraceae to be higher in U. Black women [ 40 ]. This was also accompanied by differences in beta diversity between groups and lower alpha diversity in U.
Black women. Carson and colleagues observed racial differences in bacteria beta diversity between race groups but no differences for within sample alpha diversity [ 41 ]. Similar findings were observed in postmenopausal Black and White women [ 42 ]. Only one study has linked beta diversity, Bacteroidetes or Lachnospiraceae to obesity and insulin resistance in Black women, however this study compared ethnic differences U.
No studies in the U. have investigated these relationhips by sex and race differences to help explain racial disparities in health.
The gut microbiome may provide us greater insight into furthering our understanding of obesity and type 2 diabetes risk in Black women. Given the paucity of literature on this topic, we collected fecal samples from Black and White women of the National Growth and Health Study NGHS to explore whether or not gut bacteria profiles differed by race and insulin sensitivity status.
We hypothesized that we would identify gut bacteria profiles, specifically lower Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio and lower alpha diversity that would be associated with greater insulin resistance in Black women.
The original NGHS examined risk factors for cardiovascular disease in socioeconomically-diverse Black and White girls from childhood ages 9—10 through young adulthood.
Participants were recruited from three regions of the U. who self-identified their race as Black or White. Participant eligibility and study protocol is described elsewhere. Briefly, participants were eligible to enroll in the study if, at the time of enrollment, they were: 1.
Not currently pregnant, 2. Had not given birth, experienced a miscarriage, or had an abortion in the past three months, 3. were not currently living abroad and 4. were not institutionalized or in prison. Participants who provided written consent for protocol number were enrolled.
Informed consent was obtained during the in-person visit for local participants. For participants who had relocated farther than 65 miles from Berkeley, CA, consent forms were mailed and signed consent forms were returned to study staff by mail.
This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at the University of California, Berkeley. Body weight was measured during the follow-up annual in-person visit at either their home or local clinic.
The visit protocol is described elsewhere, but briefly included completion of consents, anthropometric measures and blood draw appointment scheduling. Blood draws were collected for the measurement of fasting glucose and insulin concentrations. A total of women provided fecal samples for the current analysis.
All study participants were given the choice to complete a stool sample using a Ubiome collection kit UBiome, San Francisco, CA. Participants were eligible to complete a stool sample after they enrolled in the study, completed their consent forms with study staff, and completed the baseline survey.
Samples were collected between March and September During the visit, remote or in-person, each participant was provided a Ubiome sample kit that was labeled with their unique kit ID and specific instructions for use.
Study staff also reviewed the instructions in detail with the participants and answered any questions. Participants were instructed on sample collection hygiene and sterility including avoiding contamination of collection swab to anything other than the fecal sample e. fingers, hair, floor, etc.
Participants were also asked by study staff if they had taken antibiotics recently. If antibiotics were taken, the participant was instructed to wait three months from the date that they ended their antibiotic course to permit gut microbiome recovery before collecting the sample.
Research suggests that gut microbiome mostly recovers between 1 to 1. Participants were also asked to disclose if they had any gastrointestinal conditions, as inflammatory bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease [ 47 ] as well as other conditions that can influence the gut microbiome.
After completing the sample, participants used a pre-packaged envelope to send their sample directly to Ubiome for processing. Processing of UBiome fecal samples have been previously described [ 48 ].
Briefly, samples were lysed by bead-beading and DNA was extracted in a class room using guanidine thiocyanate silica column-based purification method.
Universal primers containing Illumina tags and barcodes were used for polymerase chain reaction PCR amplification of 16S rRNA genes. PCR products were pooled, column purified, and size-selected through microfluidic DNA fractionation [ 49 ].
Sequencing was performed in a pair-end modality on the Illumina NexSeq platform rendering 2 x bp pair-end sequences. After quality control of the raw sequence files, to ensure each sample had paired end reads information, samples were processed using the dada2 1.
Taxonomy was inferred using the DECIPHER package and the silva database. Taxonomic ranks were as follows: kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species. Data from this study are available at datadyrad [ 51 ]. Descriptives: A univariate analysis determined unequal distribution for BMI, fasting glucose, fasting insulin and HOMA-IR.
To test for differences between groups in these outcomes, we used nonparametric statistical analysis with Wilcoxon test. Difference in age was determined by general linear model.
Differences in distribution of insulin sensitivity status between race groups were determined by chi-square test.
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Zigong Maternal and Child Health Hospital. Zhou L, Ni Z, Cheng W, Yu J, Sun S, Zhai D, et al. Characteristic gut microbiota and predicted metabolic functions in women with PCOS. Endocr Connect. Download references. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. All authors contributed to the concepts of the manuscript; Fangfang He. wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Yumei Li. made a modification of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Correspondence to Yu-mei Li. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. Reprints and permissions. He, Ff. Role of gut microbiota in the development of insulin resistance and the mechanism underlying polycystic ovary syndrome: a review. J Ovarian Res 13 , 73 Download citation. Received : 27 March Accepted : 01 June Published : 17 June Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:. Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Skip to main content. Search all BMC articles Search. Download PDF. Abstract Polycystic ovary syndrome PCOS is a complex endocrine and metabolic disorder. Introduction Polycystic ovary syndrome PCOS is one of the most common gynecologic endocrine disorders, widely considered as a top cause of infertility [ 1 , 2 ]. Overview of the relationship between IR and PCOS Insulin resistance IR is one of the manifestations of polycystic ovary syndrome PCOS. IR and the development of follicle in patients with PCOS Anovulation or oligovulation is a common symptom of PCOS. IR and the endometrial receptivity in PCOS Changes in endometrial function may also be a significant cause of low fertility in PCOS patients. IR and the metabolic abnormality in women with PCOS IR is closely associated with glucose and lipid metabolism disorders, amino acid metabolism, and other adverse consequences. Gut microbiome contributes to insulin resistance Several animal and human experiments have confirmed that IR is closely interconnected to the nature of gut microbiome [ 12 , 13 , 14 ]. PCOS and gut microbiota Currently, there is a preference for researchers to use sequencing technology to classify, identify, and accurately quantify intestinal bacteria. Table 1 Summary of major microbiome studies involving PCOS Full size table. Potential mechanism underlying the association between IR and gut microbiota of PCOS Currently, the pathogenesis of PCOS is still uncertain, and research on its etiology has maiorly focused on genetics, immunity, androgen exposure, and so forth. Full size image. The treatment approach in PCOS Given that the vital role of intestinal flora is regulating human metabolism and energy storage, much focus has been directed to intestinal bacteria as a new target for the treatment of obesity and related metabolic diseases. Outstanding questions and recommendations In recent years, research on intestinal microecology has attracted a lot of focus. Conclusion Despite being an exogenous genetic material, intestinal flora regulates expression of host genes, leading to the occurrence of PCOS. Abbreviations PCOS: Polycystic ovary syndrome IR: Insulin resistance T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus DOGMA: Dysbiosis of gut microbiota LH: Luteinizing hormone SHBG: Sex binding globulin T: Testosterone IGF Insulin-like growth factor-1 GLUT Glucose transporter 4 LPS: Lipopolysaccharide BCAA: Branch-chain amino acid TLR4: Toll-like receptors 4 OTUs: Operational taxonomic units MetS: Metabolic syndrome SCFAs: Short-chain free fatty acids LBP: LPS binding protein TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha IL Interleukin6 PYY: Peptide YY GPR G-protein-coupled receptor 41 FXR: Farnesoid X receptor GPBAR1: G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 GUDCA: Glycoursodeoxy cholic acid BCAAs: Branched-chain amino acids IRS: Insulin receptor substrate Ghrelin: Growth hormone-releasing peptide GLP Glucagon-like peptide-1 CCK: Cholecystokinin BMI: Body mass index FMT: Fecal microbiota transplantation. References Sahmay S, Aydogan Mathyk B, Sofiyeva N, Atakul N, Azemi A, Erel T. 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They discovered that Coprococcus and related bacteria had beneficial effects on insulin sensitivity. But Flavonifractor , despite producing butyrate, was associated with insulin resistance. The analyses found 10 bacteria associated with a lower rate of blood sugar levels fluctuating abnormally and two bacteria associated with adverse associations on blood sugar levels. Goodarzi told MNT. If so proven, clinical trials will be the next step to determine whether modulating these bacteria via prebiotics, probiotics, or antibiotics, depending on the bacterial targets are a viable option to prevent or treat diabetes. For individuals looking to promote their gut health in general, Dr. Kristin Kirkpatrick , R. Sources of prebiotics include:. Roxana Ehsani , R. Ehsani suggested kefir for people looking to improve their gut health. Researchers think that gut bacteria may trigger inflammation, which in turn prevents insulin from working correctly, thus causing type 2 diabetes. New research in young mice and zebrafish has uncovered the role of a bacterial protein in the development of diabetes. This discovery could lead to…. A recent study finds that gut bacteria populations fluctuate throughout the day and that this occurs to a lesser extent in people with type 2 diabetes. A new review of existing research examines the effect of the gut bacteria composition on the effectiveness of type 2 diabetes medications. A new study involving patients with type 2 diabetes suggests that a low-carbohydrate diet helped over half of the participants achieve remission. My podcast changed me Can 'biological race' explain disparities in health? Why Parkinson's research is zooming in on the gut Tools General Health Drugs A-Z Health Hubs Health Tools Find a Doctor BMI Calculators and Charts Blood Pressure Chart: Ranges and Guide Breast Cancer: Self-Examination Guide Sleep Calculator Quizzes RA Myths vs Facts Type 2 Diabetes: Managing Blood Sugar Ankylosing Spondylitis Pain: Fact or Fiction Connect About Medical News Today Who We Are Our Editorial Process Content Integrity Conscious Language Newsletters Sign Up Follow Us. Medical News Today. Health Conditions Health Products Discover Tools Connect. Type 2 diabetes: Researchers identify gut bacteria linked to insulin sensitivity. By Beth JoJack on January 12, — Fact checked by Harriet Pike, Ph. The role of the gut microbiome. Identifying the right bacteria. Genetic sequencing of the gut microbiome. More research on gut health and T2D still needed. Tips to promote gut health. Diabetes Type 2. Share this article. 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| Gut bacteria differences between Black and white women linked to insulin sensitivity | As reported previously 17 , the metabolite levels were scaled by run-day medians. Probiotic-induced improvement of glucose homeostasis was associated with increased abundance of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and SCFA levels. Probiotic supplementation and the effects on weight loss, glycaemia and lipid profiles in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Changes in gut microbiota control metabolic endotoxemia-induced inflammation in high-fat diet—induced obesity and diabetes in mice. Obesity, Diabetes, and Dysbiosis The preservation a normal and healthy gut microbiota plays a critical role in maintaining good health. Consent for publication Not applicable. |
| Probiotics supplementation and insulin resistance: a systematic review | Insulin resistance and gut health degradation and the role of DPP-4 reesistance in Insulin resistance and gut health gug of type 2 diabetes. References GBD Obesity Snd. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Depommier C, Stay energetic with thirst satisfaction A, Druart Indulin, Plovier H, Hul MV, Vieira-Silva S, et al. A Taiwanese placebo-controlled clinical trial of 68 type 2 DM subjects treated with a single strain of L. None of the participants had recently experienced severe gastrointestinal illness or used medicines like antibiotics that could impact the microbiome. indistinctus administration in ameliorating diet-induced obesity and IR. indistinctus JCMA. |
| Introduction | Nutr Metab. Actually, more and more studies have confirmed that intestinal flora can regulate the synthesis and secretion of insulin, and affect androgen metabolism and follicular development. Plovier H, Everard A, Druart C, Depommier C, Hul MV, Geurts L, et al. Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Lim MY, You HJ, Yoon HS, Kwon B, Lee JY, Lee S, et al. PLoS One. Sherman SB, Sarsour N, Salehi M, Schroering A, Mell B, Joe B, et al. |
| Black Beans Help Fix Insulin Resistance and Gut Bacteria Balance : USDA ARS | New research in young mice and zebrafish has uncovered the role of a bacterial protein in the development of diabetes. Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Kit BK, Ogden CL. Treated groups decreased Firmicutes - to - Bacteroidetes ratio and LPS levels, but Bifidobacterium abundance increased only in the prebiotic group. Prim Care —35, ix. Saad MJ, Santos A, Prada PO. Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. |
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