Media influence -
The role of the media in society and politics is changing fundamentally. Now, more than ever, grasping the key shifts in these relationships is central to understanding and influencing the policy-making process, empowering civil society and improving the environment in which journalists work.
Since , the Media Influence Matrix Project researched the changing landscape of:. The project emphasizes news media in particular, including newly emerged players. The study is neither aimed at exhaustively mapping the entire media industry nor is it intended to target specific media sectors.
Instead, we map the most popular and most influential news media on a country-by-country basis and analyze their changing relations with politics, government and technology companies.
Media Influence Matrix was originally designed to last two years. But as it has grown to more than 40 countries, the Matrix is now becoming a permanent project used to assess the state of journalism on a country-by-country basis. A series of comparative articles, analytical papers and datasets are going to be gradually added to the collection of country reports.
How big? A survey of to year-olds offers a clue. The five social media platforms are: YouTube, TikTok, Facebook, Instagram and Snapchat. Social media doesn't affect all teens the same way.
Use of social media is linked with healthy and unhealthy effects on mental health. These effects vary from one teenager to another. Social media effects on mental health depend on things such as:. Social media lets teens create online identities, chat with others and build social networks.
These networks can provide teens with support from other people who have hobbies or experiences in common. This type of support especially may help teens who:. These healthy effects of social media can help teens in general.
They also may help teens who are prone to depression stay connected to others. And social media that's humorous or distracting may help a struggling teen cope with a challenging day.
What's more, certain content related to risk-taking, and negative posts or interactions on social media, have been linked with self-harm and rarely, death. The risks of social media use are linked with various factors. One may be how much time teens spend on these platforms. In a study focusing on to year-olds in the United States, spending three hours a day using social media was linked to a higher risk of mental health concerns.
That study was based on data collected in and from more than 6, participants. Another study looked at data on more than 12, teens in England between the ages of 13 to The researchers found that using social media more than three times a day predicted poor mental health and well-being in teens.
But not all research has found a link between time spent on social media and mental health risks in teens. How teens use social media also might determine its impact. For instance, viewing certain types of content may raise some teens' mental health risks.
This could include content that depicts:. These types of content may be even more risky for teens who already have a mental health condition. Being exposed to discrimination, hate or cyberbullying on social media also can raise the risk of anxiety or depression.
With the teenage brain, it's common to make a choice before thinking it through. So, teens might post something when they're angry or upset, and regret it later. That's known as stress posting. Teens who post content also are at risk of sharing sexual photos or highly personal stories.
This can lead to teens being bullied, harassed or even blackmailed. You can take steps to help your teens use social media responsibly and limit some of the possible negative effects. Set rules and limits as needed.
This helps prevent social media from getting in the way of activities, sleep, meals or homework. For example, you could make a rule about not using social media until homework is done. Or you could set a daily time limit for social media use.
You also could choose to keep social media off-limits during certain times. These times might include during family meals and an hour before bed.
Set an example by following these rules yourself. And let your teen know what the consequences will be if your rules aren't followed. Monitor your teen's accounts. The American Psychological Association recommends you regularly review your child's social media use during the early teen years.
One way to monitor is to follow or "friend" your child's social accounts. As your teen gets older, you can choose to monitor your teen's social media less. Your teen's maturity level can help guide your decision.
Have regular talks with your teen about social media. These talks give you chances to ask how social media has been making your teen feel. Encourage your teen to let you know if something online worries or bothers your teen. Regular talks offer you chances to give your child advice about social media too.
For example, you can teach your teen to question whether content is accurate. You also can explain that social media is full of images about beauty and lifestyle that are not realistic. Explain what's not OK. Remind your teen that it's hurtful to gossip, spread rumors, bully or harm someone's reputation — online or otherwise.
Also remind your teen not to share personal information with strangers online. This includes people's addresses, telephone numbers, passwords, and bank or credit card numbers. As recently as the s and s, television, for example, consisted of primarily three networks, public broadcasting, and a few local independent stations.
Not only has availability increased, but programming is increasingly diverse with shows aimed to please all ages, incomes, backgrounds, and attitudes. What role does mass media play? Legislatures, media executives, local school officials, and sociologists have all debated this controversial question.
While opinions vary as to the extent and type of influence the mass media wields, all sides agree that mass media is a permanent part of modern culture. The issue of sponsorship adds to this problem. Advertising dollars fund most media. Networks aim programming at the largest possible audience because the broader the appeal, the greater the potential purchasing audience and the easier selling air time to advertisers becomes.
Thus, news organizations may shy away from negative stories about corporations especially parent corporations that finance large advertising campaigns in their newspaper or on their stations. Media watchers identify the same problem at the local level where city newspapers will not give new cars poor reviews or run stories on selling a home without an agent because the majority of their funding comes from auto and real estate advertising.
This influence also extends to programming. Critics of this theory counter these arguments by saying that local control of news media largely lies beyond the reach of large corporate offices elsewhere, and that the quality of news depends upon good journalists.
They contend that those less powerful and not in control of media have often received full media coverage and subsequent support. Media language can be revealing, too.
A radio program Media influence Mexico decreased personal and perceived iinfluence Media influence of violence against women. Arias, Eric. Experimental Evidence on the Role of Common Knowledge. Arias, E. How Does Media Influence Social Norms?
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