Hypertension and weight management -
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About HealthMatch About HealthMatch. Log in. Home High blood pressure A Guide To Losing Weight With High Blood Pressure. Content Overview Does losing weight help lower your blood pressure?
Can you lose weight if you have high blood pressure? Can high blood pressure cause weight gain? Tips to lose weight while you battle with high blood pressure What exercises should be avoided with high blood pressure?
What diet is bad for high blood pressure? The lowdown. Have you considered clinical trials for High blood pressure? Check your eligibility. Does losing weight help lower your blood pressure?
Tips to lose weight while you battle with high blood pressure Most people can achieve weight loss by making healthy lifestyle choices long enough to impact your health significantly.
These tips include: Consume foods rich in fiber Fiber-rich foods are low in calories but with adequate vitamins and minerals. Limit your portions Losing weight requires you to consume fewer calories. You can do this by limiting your meal portions to smaller helpings by: Using smaller plates Weighing your food and sticking to the recommended serving size Taking your time while eating, which helps you understand your body better and recognize when you feel full to avoid overeating Fill your plate with vegetables, which have few calories but give a fuller appearance to your plate Eat whole grains rather than processed starches Consuming a lot of processed starch will negatively impact your weight loss goals.
Keep a food diary It is very easy to ingest many calories without even noticing, hindering your progress towards weight loss; this is where a food diary is particularly beneficial in losing weight.
Engage in physical activities Exercise plays a vital role in weight loss, and you should try to incorporate physical activity into your daily routine. Here are some tips to ease into your exercise routine: Warm-up before participating in physical activities Gradually stop your physical activity, allowing your body to ease back to its regular heart rate and blood pressure.
At the baseline, there were no significant differences in patient cohorts regarding age, BMI, plasmatic creatinine concentration, and diabetes mellitus prevalence Table 1.
In systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure, very small but statistically significant differences were observed Table 1 , and these variables were included in the later analysis as possible confounders.
In men, obesity and overweight were positively associated with the presence of uncontrolled hypertension in men, at the baseline. Hypertension was not sufficiently controlled in In women, there was also a significant difference between the proportion of uncontrolled hypertension in obese women The logistic regression used baseline age, systolic blood pressure SBP , diastolic blood pressure DBP , creatinine, and doses of antihypertensive therapy at the beginning and at the end of the follow-up as possible confounding variables Table 3.
Weight loss surrogated by BMI decrease resulted in a lower risk of suffering from uncontrolled hypertension in obese and overweight patients, with the strongest association observed in the cohort of obese men, followed by that of obese women.
The logistic regression used baseline age, SBP, DBP, creatinine, and doses of antihypertensive therapy at the beginning and at the end of the follow-up as possible confounding variables Table 4. The highest odds ratio was observed in the cohort of overweight men, followed by that of overweight women Table 4.
There is a large body of evidence linking weight changes to changes in BP. However, no comprehensive study has been conducted before now to explore this link, and the role of weight management in the complex antihypertensive therapy in primary care is yet to be determined.
Our results emphasize the significance of BW control in improving the efficacy of antihypertensive treatment in primary care and highlights not just the benefits of weight reduction but also the benefits of, at least, maintaining a stable weight over weight gain.
The odds ratio for uncontrolled hypertension was lower in obese men than in obese women, indicating a stronger association in men. This association was observed also in the groups of overweight men and women, but the odds ratios were higher in patients with obesity.
Thus, weight reduction in obese patients seems to bring a greater benefit in terms of achieving hypertension control compared to overweight patients and is of greatest importance in obese men. Previous studies indicate an association between weight loss and reduction of SBP and DBP.
A meta-analysis of 25 studies found a linear relationship between weight loss and blood pressure and showed that the decrease in weight by 1 kg is associated with approximately 1 mmHg decline in SBP [ 12 ].
A large prospective study The Trial of Hypertension Prevention with more than prehypertensive individuals assigned to weight loss programme showed not just a significant decrease in SBP and DBP but also a significantly lower proportion of hypertensive patients in the treatment arm at the end of the follow-up [ 14 ].
BMI increase was positively associated with poor hypertension control at the end of the follow-up in obese and overweight patients. In overweight men and women, higher odds ratios were observed, indicating a stronger association than in obese individuals. The effect of weight increase on BP and the linear association between weight increase and SBP have been described [ 9 ].
In a more recent study, weight gain during 1-year follow-up was associated with an increase in SBP and DBP in young adults regardless of baseline BMI [ 11 ]. On the basis of our findings, it can be supposed that even maintenance of a stable weight is beneficial compared to weight gain in terms of appropriate hypertension control.
Since obesity is associated also with other negative metabolic effects, like the atherogenic changes in fasting and postprandial lipoprotein profile, weight management should be a crucial part of the complex treatment of patients with arterial hypertension [ 20 ].
The potential pathophysiologic implications of adiposity on blood pressure increase and poor BP control have been identified. Most of them are linked to water and salt metabolism and regulation of sodium excretion.
Obesity leads to the up-regulation of renin—angiotensin—aldosterone axis and sodium and fluid retention [ 21 , 22 ]. Moreover, leptin, the hormone produced by adipose tissue, is excessively secreted in obesity. This adipokine stimulates the sympathetic sensitivity of the kidney, which may lead to excessive sodium and fluid retention [ 23 ].
This effect is probably aldosterone dependent [ 24 ]. Furthermore, insulin resistance with hyperinsulinemia induced by abdominal obesity may attenuate renal sodium excretion [ 25 , 26 ].
On the other hand, the concentration of ghrelin, the hormone produced by the gastric mucosa during fasting period that stimulates the excretion of sodium, is lowered in obese patients and rises during weight loss.
In animals, ghrelin increase results in the reduction of BP [ 27 ]. Increase in ghrelin concentration stimulated by weight loss might contribute to the improvement of BP control. Additionally, obesity is associated with histologic and macroscopic kidney abnormalities, which may alter the kidney competence to maintain sodium and fluid homeostasis.
However, it is supposed that these renal alterations are reversible and could be improved by weight loss [ 28 ]. Participants of our study did not undergo a controlled weight reduction programme, since the study was only observational in nature.
Therefore, it was not possible to quantify the participation of patients in these non-pharmacologic strategies, such as diet, salt intake, and regular physical activity changes.
To minimize this effect, general practitioners were instructed to educate patients about non-pharmacologic means of blood pressure management equally. In order to minimize the effect of comorbidities that can lead to undesirable loss of weight, the patients with known history of oncologic disease except in the case of total remission , pregnancy, thyrotoxicosis, liver cirrhosis, malabsorption syndrome, and end-stage kidney disease were excluded.
However, there was a possibility that in some patients, these conditions might develop during the follow-up. Also, the possibility of significant worsening of glomerular filtration rate during the follow-up was not ruled out.
Patients in our study differ in terms of antihypertensive therapy. Moreover, the pharmacological therapy was modified in a substantial number of patients during the follow-up. To decrease the effect of possible differences in pharmacological therapy as a confounding factor, the doses of antihypertensive therapies administered at the baseline and at the end of the follow-up were included in the logistic regression analysis as a possible confounder.
All the patients were followed up on a regular basis of 3 months, and the general practitioners were strictly instructed to provide the same level of medical attention to each patient. However, there is a possibility of difference in the frequency of therapy modification. Also, the duration of the follow-up period should be considered.
Our patients were observed for the period of 1 year; thus, it was not possible to assess the long-term effect of weight loss. A previous study on obese patients who underwent bariatric procedure has shown that BP increased again on pre-surgery values during 8-year follow-up [ 29 ].
Most previous studies used body weight change as an indicator of weight loss. We used delta BMI rather than delta body weight, because BMI is a function of body adiposity [ 30 ].
This emphasizes the importance of BW control in the management of cardiovascular risk in patients with arterial hypertension, and it should be considered as an unavoidable recommendation in the complex treatment of arterial hypertension in obese and overweight individuals.
It is suggested that weight loss or at least stabilization of BW may improve the control of hypertension in obese hypertonics and in overweight hypertensive patients.
Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo JL, et al. Seventh report of the joint national committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure.
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PLoS ONE. doi: Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar. Simko F, Pechanova O. Remodelling of the heart and vessels in experimental hypertension: advances in protection.
J Hypertens. Paulis L, Matuskova J, Adamcova M, Pelouch V, Simko J, Krajcirovicova K, et al. Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy and aortic remodelling in NO-deficient hypertensive rats: effect of l -arginine and spironolactone. Acta Physiol. x Epub Apr Article CAS Google Scholar.
Ruilope LM, Dukat A, Böhm M, Lacourcière Y, Gong J, Lefkowitz MP. Blood-pressure reduction with LCZ, a novel dual-acting inhibitor of the angiotensin II receptor and neprilysin: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, active comparator study.
Ikeda N, Sapienza D, Guerrero R, Aekplakorn W, Naghavi M, Mokdad AH, Lozano R, Murray CJ, et al. Control of hypertension with medication: a comparative analysis of national surveys in 20 countries.
Bull World Health Organ. Article PubMed Google Scholar. Ng M, Fleming T, Robinson M, Thomson B, Graetz N, Margono C, et al. Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during — a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Kit BK, Flegal KM.
Prevalence of childhood and adult obesity in the United States, — Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar. Hall JE, Crook ED, Jones DW, Wofford MR, Dubbert PM. Mechanisms of obesity-associated cardiovascular and renal disease.
Am J Med Sci. Re RN. Obesity-related hypertension. Ochsner J. PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar. Andrade FCD, Vazquez-Vidal I, Flood T, et al. One-year follow-up changes in weight are associated with changes in blood pressure in young Mexican adults.
Public Health. Even if what you eat is healthy, eating too much of it will make you put on weight. Portions sizes have grown over the years — along with our waistlines — so what seems like a normal or healthy amount could be more than you need.
Be realistic Set yourself realistic goals. A weight loss of between 0. Find cheerleaders It is not always easy losing weight, and you can quickly get bored or give up without encouragement. Tell your family and friends so you can get support when you need it, or if you think it might help, you could join a weight-loss group.
Some people find that having support from other people who are trying to lose weight can give them the extra encouragement and motivation they need. Click to print page. Your Blood Pressure Understanding your blood pressure What is high blood pressure?
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Mayo Clinic offers wweight in Antidepressant for ADHD, Active lifestyle benefits and Minnesota and Hypertesnion Mayo Clinic Health Active lifestyle benefits locations. The DASH diet is a healthy-eating plan designed weihgt help prevent or treat high blood pressure, also called hypertension. It also may help lower cholesterol linked to heart disease, called low density lipoprotein LDL cholesterol. High blood pressure and high LDL cholesterol levels are two major risk factors for heart disease and stroke. Foods in the DASH diet are rich in the minerals potassium, calcium and magnesium.Video
Good Health: High Blood Pressure and being overweight Please Hypergension the Disclaimer at the end of this page. Manzgement blood pressure, also Active lifestyle benefits as hypertension, is a common condition that Active lifestyle benefits Hypertemsion to serious Hpyertension if untreated. These weifht can include stroke, heart failure, heart attack, and kidney damage. Worldwide, hypertension contributes to cardiovascular death more than any other risk factor. Making dietary changes reducing sodium intake and increasing potassium intake and losing weight for people who are overweight are effective treatments for reducing blood pressure [ 1 ]. Other lifestyle changes that can help include stopping smoking, reducing stress, reducing alcohol consumption, and exercising regularly.
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