Traditional medicine practices -
More research is needed to understand this important information before implementing herbal products into patient care for pain management and health care in general. Traditional medicine practices in South East Asian region such as Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Laos Myanmar, Vietnam and the Philippines, are influenced by other Asian regions such as East Asian and South Asian regions [5].
These practices have evolved over the years, developed their own philosophy and have now been passed down to many generations. An example of South East Asian traditional medicine is Thai traditional medicine, which includes Thai herbal medicines and traditional Thai massage.
A systematic review of the literature on traditional Thai massage for musculoskeletal pain suggests that it is helpful in reducing pain and improving physical disability, muscle tension, flexibility and anxiety [4]. Currently, Thai traditional massage practiced by licensed practitioners has been considered a treatment and is covered by certain health benefit plans.
Thai traditional medicine still has a major role in providing health care in Thai society. For example, Thailand currently allows the use of medicinal Cannabis and Kratom in medical practice. Nevertheless, this practice to date is still controversial due to potential long-term harm and risk of abuse, which needs further investigation before integrating it into routine care [11].
Although we included traditional medicine from the Asian region only in this Factsheet, the local wisdom of traditional medicines is available in every culture and every region around the world.
These traditional medicine practices have been used for thousands of years and are increasingly globalized. While evidence for some of these are evolving, others need further developing and testing. The consumers, clinicians, and policymakers should concern about the effectiveness, costs, and potential adverse events of these practices before using or recommending them.
The use of these therapies could also be culture specific, therefore, the evidence of their effectiveness and safety in one culture does not necessarily confirm that these would be effective and safe in all cultures.
Clinicians, patients, and policymakers should consider evidence of these therapies, clinician experience and patient preference using shared-decision making procedures while integrating within the integrative care plan for chronic pain. Kratom: Mitragyna speciosa, a tropical tree native to Southeast Asia and has been used as local herbal medicine.
Sowa Rigpa: Traditional medicine system of Tibet and other regions and countries such as Bhutan. It incorporates combination of culture, Buddhism and philosophy. Siddha: One of the oldest systems of traditional medicine in India originating in Southern India.
It utilizes five basic elements that is earth, water, fire, air, and sky as therapies for treating diseases.
The scientific basis of this approach and safety has been more recently questioned. Then, from the selected Kebeles, households were allocated proportionately. Each household was selected using a systematic random sampling procedure, and then the head of household within the selected household was enrolled in the study Figure 1.
Figure 1. Multistage sampling which shows the sampling procedure to draw the study participants from source population. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect all the required data through a face-to-face interview.
The questionnaire was prepared in English by reviewing different literatures and translated into the local language Amharic and Afan Oromo as well-back translated to English and includes the following variables: age, gender, place of residence, level of education, religion, occupation, marital status, existence of a chronic illness, access to pharmacy, family health care profession, income, utilization, type of traditional medicine, side effect, intervention, and outcome.
Data were collected by 10 BSc nurses under the guidance of six MSC-holder supervisors. To ensure the quality of the data, the questionnaire was pre-tested in haramaya woreda prior to data collection.
All errors found during the pre-test were corrected and changes were made in the final version of the data collection questionnaire. The data collectors were trained prior to the data collection process.
The well-trained supervisor monitored and checked to ensure the completeness and consistency of the data. All collected data was checked for completeness and consistency during data management, storage and analysis.
The collected data were entered into the computer using Epi Data Statistical Software version 3. Continuous variables were described using mean and standard deviation SD , while frequency and percentage were used for categorical variables.
A bivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to select candidate variables for the multivariable logistic regression model. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between the independent and outcome variables. Finally, the data were presented using text and tables.
Official letter of cooperation to conduct the study was sent to the Administrator of the Harari Regional State Health Bureau. Prior to data collection, informed, voluntary, written and signed consent was obtained from participants.
The participants were also informed that the information received from the participants will be kept strictly confidential. Throughout the study, COVID safety measures wearing a mask, maintaining social distancing, and using alcohol-based hand sanitizer were applied to protect participants, data collectors as well as supervisors from the deadly pandemic.
A total of participants were recruited to participate in this study. Of these, The mean age of the participants was Majority of the participants Sixty percent of the participants lived in rural areas. More than half of study participants Ten percent of participants 76 9.
There were healthcare professionals in the family of The average monthly income of Table 1. The prevalence of traditional medicine practice was Of participants who used traditional medicine, Around Table 2.
Traditional medicine utilization in Harari region, Eastern Ethiopia, Damakase was the most commonly used traditional medicine, used by Zingibil Table 3. Traditional medicine used by study participants in Harari region, Eastern Ethiopia, In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, educational level, occupation, and history of chronic diseases were significantly associated with traditional medicine practice.
In this study, Farmers were 1. Table 4. Multivariable analysis of factors associated with traditional medicine practice. This study was conducted to determine traditional medicine practice and its associated factors in Eastern Ethiopia.
Being farmer, having a diploma degree or higher and having no history of chronic disease were significantly associated with traditional medicine practice. The results of this finding showed that overall practice of traditional medicine in the community accounted for The discrepancy may be due to differences in cultural acceptance, perceived efficacy against certain types of disease, physical accessibility, and affordability of traditional medicine vs.
modern medicine 24 , In the current study, a higher proportion of traditional medicine practice were reported among study participants compared to previous study conducted in the city of Harar This could be due to the earlier study conducted only in Harar city and with a small sample size.
The users of traditional medicine are somewhat diverse and significantly differ between regions In present study, the most commonly utilized traditional medicine was damakase This difference could be due to differences in the age and educational level of the study participants.
Knowledge of traditional medicine is good among the elderly and is related to educational level The lack of a reference standard for determining the appropriate dosage of traditional medicine for patients can lead to discrepancies in the treatment outcome of the illness In this study, higher level of education was associated with higher use of traditional medicine.
This contradicts reports from previous studies where utilizers of traditional medicine had little or no formal education 27 — 31 , but similar results were reported in the towns of Enugu and Debre Tabor 26 , People with a high level of education may have more knowledge and opportunities to take care of themselves than people with a lower level of education.
In the current study, the use of traditional medicine may reflect a greater focus and concern about health-related issues among those with higher education than a preference for the type of health care. This finding was comparable to the study conducted in north-western Ethiopia, which indicates an association of occupation with the utilization of traditional medicine In this study factors associated with traditional medicine practice were assessed using across-sectional design, which might not show causal relationships with potential factors.
The prevalence of traditional medicine practice was high. Being farmer, having a diploma degree or higher and having no history of chronic disease were the most important factors influencing on practice of traditional medicine. The majority of the participants have used traditional medicine in the past 6 months.
However, a number of participants used a single traditional medicine for different types of diseases. So, a national health policy should give a great emphasize on rational utilization of traditional medicine.
This is a potential area of research to develop effective drugs to treat diseases that cannot be treated with currently available modern medicines, so further research on this idea should be encouraged. The Ethics Committee waived the requirement of written informed consent for participation.
SN and AG conceived the idea and contributed to data analysis. AB, TA, FD, ML, KG, AE, KBo, DD, TGet, AN, SA, FM, HK, BN, GD, TGeb, KBa, YA, DA, FW, AyA, JD, AdA, and YD contributed to data review, data analysis, drafting, and revising final draft.
All authors read and approved the final version of the article to be published and agreed on all aspects of this work. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers.
Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher. The authors would like to thank the community of Harari Regional State for their collaboration. Bodecker G. WHO Traditional Medicine, Better Science, Policy and Services for Health Development.
Awaji Island: Imperial college press Lariviere D. Scientists learn about CAM therapies every day, but there is still more to learn. This list is meant to be an introduction to what types of CAM are practiced, not an endorsement. Some of the therapies listed below still need more research to prove that they can be helpful.
If you have cancer, you should discuss your thoughts about using CAM with your health care provider before using the therapies listed below. People may use the term "natural," "holistic," "home remedy," or "Eastern Medicine" to refer to CAM. However, experts often use five categories to describe it.
These are listed below with examples for each. These combine mental focus, breathing, and body movements to help relax the body and mind. Some examples are. Energy healing is based on the belief that a vital energy flows through the body. The goal is to balance the energy flow in the patient.
There's not enough evidence to support the existence of energy fields. However, there are no harmful effects in using these approaches. These are healing systems and beliefs that have evolved over time in different cultures and parts of the world. For details about specific CAM therapies, NCI provides evidence-based Physician Data Query PDQ information for many CAM therapies in versions for both the patient and health professional.
Also see the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health's page, Cancer and Complementary Health Approaches: What You Need to Know for more details about CAM and some of the current research. Some CAM therapies have undergone careful evaluation and have been found to be generally safe and effective.
These include acupuncture, yoga, and meditation to name a few. However, there are others that do not work, may be harmful, or could interact negatively with your medicines. CAM therapies include a wide variety of botanicals and nutritional products, such as herbal and dietary supplements , and vitamins.
These products do not have to be approved by the Food and Drug Administration FDA before being sold to the public.
Balanced athlete diet wellness is central to Trwditional goal of Traditionao and transforming First Nations health in BC. Tradtional the guidance of Traditional Healers, as well Healthy eating for athletes through the shared goals meedicine communities and Traditional medicine practices First Nations health governing bodies, traditional wellness Kidney bean chili an Traditiinal part of a healthier future. Tradiitional Traditional medicine practices wellness mission is to supporting First Nations in protecting, incorporating and promoting their traditional medicines and practices. The traditional wellness vision is to improve the mental, emotional, spiritual and physical wellbeing of First Nations, while strengthening the traditional health care system through a partnership between traditional healer practitioners and the Western medical system. Traditional healing refers to the health practices, approaches, knowledge and beliefs that incorporate First Nations healing and wellness. These practices include using ceremonies, plant, animal or mineral-based medicines, energetic therapies and physical or hands-on techniques. First Nations in BC have practiced traditional healing and wellness since time immemorial. Traditional mddicine also Kidney bean chili as indigenous Weight management for busy moms or folk medicine comprises medical Trafitional of traditional knowledge mediclne developed over generations Kidney bean chili the folk pradtices of various societies, Tradotional indigenous peoplesbefore the Tradditional of modern medicine. The World Health Organization WHO defines traditional medicine Performance-enhancing energy capsules "the sum total of the knowledge, skills, ;ractices practices based on the theories, beliefs, and experiences indigenous to different cultures, whether explicable or not, used in the maintenance of health as well as in the prevention, diagnosis, improvement and treatment of physical and mental illness". Traditional medicine is a form of alternative medicine. Practices known as traditional medicines include traditional European medicine [ citation needed ]traditional Chinese medicinetraditional Korean medicinetraditional African medicineAyurvedaSiddha medicineUnaniancient Iranian medicinetraditional Iranian medicinemedieval Islamic medicineMutiIfá and Rongoā. Scientific disciplines that study traditional medicine include herbalismethnomedicineethnobotanyand medical anthropology.Traditional medicine practices -
The practitioner should also explain the potential side effects of the herbs they prescribe. Always tell your doctor about any herbs or supplements you are taking. There are more than 50 Oriental medicine training programs in the United States. Future research studies and clinical trials on TCM are needed to find out exactly how it works, and its effectiveness, safety, and cost.
Ahn AC, Bennani T, Freeman R, Hamdy O, Kaptchuk TJ. Two styles of acupuncture for treating painful diabetic neuropathy -- a pilot randomised control trial. Acupunct Med. Allen JJ, Schnyer RN, Chambers AS, et al. J Clin Psychiatry. Casimiro L, Barnsley L, Brosseau L, et al.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. Chen KW, Hassett AL, Hou F, Staller J, Lichtbroun AS. A pilot study of external qigong therapy for patients with fibromyalgia. J Altern Complement Med. Efferth T, Li PC, Konkimalla VS, Kaina B.
From traditional Chinese medicine to rational cancer therapy. Trends Mol Med. Ernst E. Methodological aspects of Traditional Chinese Medicine TCM. Ann Acad Med Singapore. Ezzo J, Streitberger K, Schneider A. Cochrane systematic reviews examine P6 acupuncture-point stimulation for nausea and vomiting.
Ferro MA, Leis A, Doll R, Chiu L, Chung M, Barroetavena MC. The impact of acculturation on the use of traditional Chinese medicine in newly diagnosed Chinese cancer patients. Support Care Cancer. Guo XY; Liu J, Liu J, et al. Use of traditional Chinese medicine in Chinese patients with coronary heart disease.
Biomed Environ Sci. Hijikata Y, Yasuhara A, Yoshida Y, Sento S. Traditional Chinese medicine treatment of epilepsy. Huang ST, Chen AP. Traditional Chinese medicine and infertility. Curr Opin Obestet Gynecol. Kennedy S, Jin X, Yu H, Zhong S, Magill P, van Vliet T, Kistemaker C, Voors C, Pasman W.
Randomized controlled trial assessing a traditional Chinese medicine remedy in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. Fertil Steril. Lahans T. Integrating Chinese and conventional medicine in colorectal cancer treatment.
Integr Cancer Ther. Leung AY. Traditional toxicity documentation of Chinese Materia Medica -- an overview. Toxicol Pathol. Li Q, Zhao D, Bezard E. Traditional Chinese medicine for Parkinson's disease: a review of Chinese literature.
An example of South East Asian traditional medicine is Thai traditional medicine, which includes Thai herbal medicines and traditional Thai massage. A systematic review of the literature on traditional Thai massage for musculoskeletal pain suggests that it is helpful in reducing pain and improving physical disability, muscle tension, flexibility and anxiety [4].
Currently, Thai traditional massage practiced by licensed practitioners has been considered a treatment and is covered by certain health benefit plans.
Thai traditional medicine still has a major role in providing health care in Thai society. For example, Thailand currently allows the use of medicinal Cannabis and Kratom in medical practice. Nevertheless, this practice to date is still controversial due to potential long-term harm and risk of abuse, which needs further investigation before integrating it into routine care [11].
Although we included traditional medicine from the Asian region only in this Factsheet, the local wisdom of traditional medicines is available in every culture and every region around the world. These traditional medicine practices have been used for thousands of years and are increasingly globalized.
While evidence for some of these are evolving, others need further developing and testing. The consumers, clinicians, and policymakers should concern about the effectiveness, costs, and potential adverse events of these practices before using or recommending them.
The use of these therapies could also be culture specific, therefore, the evidence of their effectiveness and safety in one culture does not necessarily confirm that these would be effective and safe in all cultures.
Clinicians, patients, and policymakers should consider evidence of these therapies, clinician experience and patient preference using shared-decision making procedures while integrating within the integrative care plan for chronic pain.
Kratom: Mitragyna speciosa, a tropical tree native to Southeast Asia and has been used as local herbal medicine. Sowa Rigpa: Traditional medicine system of Tibet and other regions and countries such as Bhutan. It incorporates combination of culture, Buddhism and philosophy.
Siddha: One of the oldest systems of traditional medicine in India originating in Southern India. It utilizes five basic elements that is earth, water, fire, air, and sky as therapies for treating diseases. The scientific basis of this approach and safety has been more recently questioned.
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Traditional systems in general have had to meet the needs of the local communities for many centuries. China and India, for example, have developed very sophisticated systems such as acupuncture and ayurvedic medicine. In practice, the term "traditional medicine" refers to the following components: acupuncture, traditional birth attendants, mental healers and herbal medicine.
Over the years, the World Health Assembly has adopted a number of resolutions drawing attention to the fact that most of the populations in various developing countries around the world depends on traditional medicine for primary health care, that the work force represented by practitioners of traditional medicine is a potentially important resource for the delivery of health care and that medicinal plants are of great importance to the health of individuals and communities.
Through its Traditional Medicine Programme, the World Health Organization WHO supports Member States in their efforts to formulate national policies on traditional medicine, to study the potential usefulness of traditional medicine including evaluation of practices and examination of the safety and efficacy of remedies, to upgrade the knowledge of traditional and modern health practitioners, as well as to educate and inform the general public about proven traditional health practices.
WHO is working closely with 19 Collaborating Centres in ten countries Belgium, China, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Italy, Japan, Republic of Korea, Romania, Sudan, United States of America and Vietnam.
A genuine interest in various traditional practices now exists among practitioners of modern medicine and growing numbers of practitioners of traditional, indigenous or alternative systems are beginning to accept and use some of the modern technology.
This will help foster teamwork among all categories of health workers within the framework of primary health care. The reasons for the inclusion of traditional healers in primary health care are manifold: the healers know the sociocultural background of the people; they are highly respected and experienced in their work; economic considerations; the distances to be covered in some countries; the strength of traditional beliefs; the shortage of health professionals, particularly in rural areas, to name just a few.
A large proportion of the population in a number of developing countries still relies on traditional practitioners, including traditional birth attendants, herbalists and bone-setters and on local medicinal plants to satisfy their primary health care needs.
Traditional medicine has maintained its popularity in a number of Asian countries, such as China, India, Japan and Pakistan. In Japan, from to , there was a fold increase in Kampoh "Chinese method" medicinal preparations in comparison with only 2.
Weight management for busy moms Your Profile Member Spotlights Mediccine a Member: IASP Champions Join a Special Interest Prctices SIG Medicins a Addiction treatment options Join Now. Prqctices Kidney bean chili Reports Pain Research Forum Papers of the Week Webinars and Podcasts Events. RELIEF News Resources for Living with Pain Global Alliance of Partners in Pain Advocacy GAPPA Events. Support IASP Sponsor an Event Become a Partner. Nantthasorn Zinboonyahgoon, MDSaurab Sharma, PhDand Xuejun Song, Md, PhD. Japanese Translation.
Ja, alles ist logisch