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The Best Diet for Cancer PatientsAnti-cancer diet and nutrition -
Good sources of calories include whole fat dairy products like milk, yogurt and cheese, and healthy fats like olive oil, avocados, nuts and nut butters.
Protein is good for your health in many ways. It helps your body grow cells, heal tissue and maintain a healthy immune system.
And it can help you avoid infection and recover more quickly. The key is to know where to find it. Good sources of protein include fish, poultry, lean red meat, eggs, nuts and nut butters, dried beans, peas and lentils, dairy products and soy foods.
Yet every cell in your body needs water. They can provide much-needed calories and keep you from becoming dehydrated. Do your best to drink plenty of water and other fluids each day. Your dietitian can give you specific guidelines on how much is right for you.
Alcohol can interfere with some cancer treatments and medicines. It can make side effects like a sore mouth and throat worse.
And we now know that drinking any type of alcohol increases your risk of developing some types of cancer. The best way to get vitamins or minerals is to eat a well-balanced diet. If you do that, you usually get what you need to stay healthy.
Taking a regular-strength multivitamin and mineral supplement for your age group every day is often OK, but check with your healthcare team just to be sure. There is no evidence that taking more than the recommended amounts of vitamins and minerals or that taking large amounts megadoses of any vitamin or mineral will improve your health or help to prevent or cure cancer.
In fact, taking too much of some types of vitamins or minerals can be harmful to your health — and it may even make cancer treatment less effective. Many people wonder whether eating specific foods will boost their immune system and help them fight cancer.
No single diet, food or supplement can boost your immune system. The best thing you can do for your immune system is to follow an overall healthy lifestyle, which includes eating a balanced, healthy diet with a variety of foods. There is no scientific evidence that any specific food or diet for example, the alkaline diet, a macrobiotic diet or the Gerson therapy diet can cure cancer.
Because these diets often restrict food choices like meat, milk, eggs and even vegetables and fruit , they may not provide enough calories, protein, vitamins and minerals. This can lead to weight loss and poor nutrition. Eating-related side effects are common during cancer treatment.
But most of the time you may not eat well because cancer treatments can damage healthy cells along with cancer cells, causing side effects. And when you have them, it can take some time to figure out what will help.
You may find that your ability to eat well varies from one day to the next. This can all be pretty frustrating. The good news is that most of the time, side effects related to eating are temporary. Once treatment ends, many people gradually get back to eating normally again.
Find out more about these eating-related side effects: constipation diarrhea difficulty swallowing dry mouth dumping syndrome fatigue loss of appetite nausea and vomiting osteoporosis sore mouth and throat taste changes trismus weight gain.
Surgery that removes all or part of certain organs can affect a person's ability to eat and digest food. The side effects of immunotherapy are different for each person and the type of immunotherapy drug given.
Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and other medicines used before or during a stem cell transplant may cause side effects that keep a person from eating and digesting food as usual. People who receive a stem cell transplant have a high risk of infection.
Chemotherapy or radiation therapy given before the transplant decrease the number of white blood cells , which fight infection. It is important that these people learn about safe food handling and avoid foods that may cause infection. After a stem cell transplant, people are at risk for acute or chronic graft-versus-host disease GVHD.
GVHD may affect the gastrointestinal tract or liver and change the person's ability to eat or absorb nutrients from food. Screening is used to look for health problems that affect the risk of poor nutrition.
This can help find out if you are likely to become malnourished , and if nutrition therapy is needed. A physical exam is done. Your doctor will check for signs of weight, fat, and muscle loss, and for fluid buildup in your body.
A registered dietitian can counsel you and your family on ways to improve your nutrition. The registered dietitian gives care based on your nutritional and dietary needs during cancer treatment and recovery.
Changes to the diet are made to help decrease symptoms from cancer or cancer treatment. These changes may be in the types and amount of food, how often you eat, and how food is eaten for example, at a certain temperature or taken with a straw. In addition to the dietitian, the healthcare team may include the following:.
The goal of nutrition therapy in people with advanced cancer is to provide the best possible quality of life and control symptoms that cause distress. People with advanced cancer may be treated with anticancer therapy and palliative care , palliative care alone, or may be in hospice care.
Nutrition goals will be different for each person. Some types of treatment may be stopped. As the focus of care goes from cancer treatment to hospice or end-of-life care , nutrition therapy may become less aggressive to keep the person as comfortable as possible.
For more information, see the Nutrition Needs at End of Life section. When side effects of cancer or cancer treatment affect normal eating, changes can be made to help you get the nutrients you need. Eating foods that are high in calories , protein , vitamins , and minerals is important.
Meals should be planned to meet your nutritional needs and tastes in food. The following are common symptoms caused by cancer and cancer treatment and ways to treat or control them.
The following may help people with cancer who have anorexia loss of appetite or desire to eat :. If these diet changes do not help with the anorexia, tube feedings may be needed.
Medicines may be given to increase appetite. For more information, see the Medicines to Treat Loss of Appetite and Weight Loss section. The following may help people with cancer who have a sore throat or trouble swallowing:. The following may help people with cancer who have symptoms of lactose intolerance :.
It is best to take in food by mouth whenever possible. Some people may not be able to take in enough food by mouth because of problems from cancer or cancer treatment. In addition to counseling by a dietitian and changes to the diet , nutrition therapy includes nutritional supplement drinks and enteral and parenteral nutrition support.
Nutritional supplement drinks help people with cancer get the nutrients they need. They provide energy, protein , fat, carbohydrates , fiber , vitamins , and minerals. They are not meant to be the person's only source of nutrition.
A person who is not able to take in the right amount of calories and nutrients by mouth may be fed using the following:. Nutrition support can improve a person's quality of life during cancer treatment, but may cause problems that should be considered before making the decision to use it.
The patient, family, and healthcare team should discuss the harms and benefits of each type of nutrition support. For more information on the use of nutrition support at the end of life, see the Nutrition Needs at End of Life section.
Enteral nutrition gives the patient nutrients in liquid form formula through a tube that is placed into the stomach or small intestine. The following types of feeding tubes may be used:. The type of formula used is based on the person's specific needs.
There are formulas for people who have special health conditions , such as diabetes , or other needs, such as religious or cultural diets. Parenteral nutrition is used when a person cannot take food by mouth or by enteral feeding.
Parenteral feeding does not use the stomach or intestines to digest food. Nutrients are given to the patient directly into the blood , through a catheter inserted into a vein.
These nutrients include proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals. A central venous access catheter is placed beneath the skin and into a large vein in the upper chest. The catheter is put in place by a surgeon.
This type of catheter is used for long-term parenteral feeding. Enlarge Central venous catheter. A central venous catheter is a thin, flexible tube that is inserted into a vein, usually below the right collarbone, and guided threaded into a large vein above the right side of the heart called the superior vena cava.
It is used to give intravenous fluids, blood transfusions, chemotherapy, and other drugs. The catheter is also used for taking blood samples. It may stay in place for weeks or months and helps avoid the need for repeated needle sticks.
A peripheral venous catheter is placed into a vein in the arm. A peripheral venous catheter is put in place by trained medical staff. This type of catheter is usually used for short-term parenteral feeding for patients who do not have a central venous access catheter. Enlarge Peripheral venous catheter.
A peripheral venous catheter is a thin, flexible tube that is inserted into a vein. It is usually inserted into the lower part of the arm or the back of the hand.
The patient is checked often for infection or bleeding at the place where the catheter enters the body. It is important that cancer symptoms and side effects that affect eating and cause weight loss are treated early.
Both nutrition therapy and medicine can help lessen the effects that cancer and its treatment have on weight loss.
Medicines that improve appetite and cause weight gain, such as prednisone and megestrol , may be used to treat loss of appetite and weight loss. Studies have shown that the effects of these medicines may not last long, or there may be no effects.
Treatment with a combination of medicines may work better than treatment with one medicine but may have more side effects. For people at the end of life, the goals of nutrition therapy are focused on relieving symptoms rather than getting enough nutrients.
People who have problems swallowing may find it easier to swallow thick liquids than thin liquids. People with cancer often do not feel much hunger at all and may want very little food. Sips of water, ice chips, and mouth care can decrease thirst in the last few days of life.
Good communication with the healthcare team is important to understand the patient's changes in nutrition needs. People with cancer and their caregivers have the right to make informed decisions. The person's religious and cultural preferences may affect their decisions.
The healthcare team may work with the person's religious and cultural leaders when making decisions. The healthcare team and a registered dietitian can explain the benefits and risks of using nutrition support for people at the end of life.
In most cases, there are more harms than benefits if the person is not expected to live longer than a month.
Possible benefits of nutrition support for people expected to live longer than a month include the following:. People with cancer may try special diets to make their treatment work better, prevent side effects from treatment, or to treat the cancer itself.
However, for most of these special diets, there is no evidence that shows they work. It is not known if following a vegetarian or vegan diet can help side effects from cancer treatment or the person's prognosis. If the person already follows a vegetarian or vegan diet, there is no evidence that shows they should switch to a different diet.
A macrobiotic diet is a high- carbohydrate , low-fat, plant-based diet. No studies have shown that this diet will help people with cancer. A ketogenic diet limits carbohydrates and increases fat intake.
The purpose of the diet is to decrease the amount of glucose sugar the tumor cells can use to grow and reproduce. It is a hard diet to follow because exact amounts of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins are needed.
Several clinical trials are recruiting people with glioblastoma to study whether a ketogenic diet affects glioblastoma tumor activity. People with glioblastoma who want to start a ketogenic diet should talk to their doctor and work with a registered dietitian.
However, it is not yet known how the diet will affect the tumor or its symptoms. Similarly, a study comparing the ketogenic diet to a high-fiber, low fat diet in women with ovarian cancer or endometrial cancer found that the ketogenic diet was safe and acceptable.
There is not enough evidence to know how the ketogenic diet will affect ovarian or endometrial tumors or their symptoms. A dietary supplement is a product that is added to the diet.
It is usually taken by mouth, and usually has one or more dietary ingredients. People with cancer may take dietary supplements to improve their symptoms or treat their cancer.
Vitamin C is a nutrient that the body needs in small amounts to function and stay healthy. It helps fight infection , heal wounds, and keep tissues healthy.
Vitamin C is found in fruits and vegetables. It can also be taken as a dietary supplement. For information about the use of intravenous vitamin C as treatment for people with cancer, see Intravenous Vitamin C.
Probiotics are live microorganisms used as dietary supplements to help with digestion and normal bowel function. They may also help keep the gastrointestinal tract healthy.
Studies have shown that taking probiotics during radiation therapy and chemotherapy can help prevent diarrhea caused by those treatments. People with cancer who are receiving radiation therapy to the abdomen or chemotherapy that is known to cause diarrhea may be helped by probiotics.
Similarly, studies are looking at potential benefits of taking probiotics for people with cancer who are receiving immunotherapy. Melatonin is a hormone made by the pineal gland tiny organ near the center of the brain.
Melatonin helps control the body's sleep cycle. It can also be made in a laboratory and taken as a dietary supplement. It may help reduce side effects of treatment.
Melatonin does not appear to have side effects. Oral glutamine is an amino acid that is being studied for the treatment of diarrhea and mucositis inflammation of the lining of the digestive system , often seen as mouth sores caused by chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
Oral glutamine may help prevent mucositis or make it less severe. People with cancer who are receiving radiation therapy to the abdomen may benefit from oral glutamine.
Oral glutamine may reduce the severity of diarrhea. This can help people continue with their treatment plan. For information from the National Cancer Institute NCI about nutrition and cancer treatment, see Side Effects.
For general nutrition information and other resources, see the following:. Use our clinical trial search to find NCI-supported cancer clinical trials that are accepting patients.
You can search for trials based on the type of cancer, the age of the patient, and where the trials are being done. General information about clinical trials is also available.
Physician Data Query PDQ is the National Cancer Institute's NCI's comprehensive cancer information database. The PDQ database contains summaries of the latest published information on cancer prevention, detection, genetics, treatment, supportive care, and complementary and alternative medicine.
Most summaries come in two versions. The health professional versions have detailed information written in technical language. The patient versions are written in easy-to-understand, nontechnical language.
Both versions have cancer information that is accurate and up to date and most versions are also available in Spanish. PDQ is a service of the NCI.
The NCI is part of the National Institutes of Health NIH. The PDQ summaries are based on an independent review of the medical literature. They are not policy statements of the NCI or the NIH.
This PDQ cancer information summary has current information about nutrition before, during, and after cancer treatment. Dark chocolate contains polyphenols, flavonoids, and antioxidants, which, according to a review , may have a preventive effect against cancer.
What are the health benefits of eating dark chocolate? Specific types of cancer it may help to prevent include the following:. A study on olive oil consumption among 1, adults in Spain suggests that two or more tablespoons of olive oil per day offers the maximum benefits, lowering the risk of cardiovascular, all-cause, and cancer mortality.
Supplements can also provide nutrients and antioxidants that may help prevent cancer by reducing oxidative stress, such as vitamin C, vitamin D , and vitamin E. Most of the plant-based compounds in this article, such as phloretin, anthocyanin, and sulforaphane, come in pill form.
Always speak with a healthcare professional before starting a new medication or supplement regimen. There is no single food that can fight cancer. However, consuming certain foods can provide the body with the nutrients it needs to help reduce the risk of cancer. These include apples, berries, cruciferous vegetables, carrots, fatty fish, and more.
According to Cancer Research UK , some early studies, mostly in animals, have suggested that some cancer cells do not use ketones for energy.
This would mean that consuming a diet that is low in carbohydrates and high in fat can help to starve cancer cells by lowering glucose levels.
However, more research into this is necessary. It is best to contact a doctor for advice before making any significant dietary changes. In Japan and China, medicinal mushrooms have been approved for the treatment of cancer alongside standard therapies. There are more than types of mushrooms for the treatment of cancer in Asia.
Examples include reishi, turkey tail, shiitake, and maitake mushrooms. However, more research is necessary, and the Food and Drug Administration FDA has not yet approved any medicinal mushrooms for the treatment of cancer in the United States.
Research into preventing cancer through diet is still in the early stages and requires further testing. However, it is important to remember that eating a balanced diet containing fresh fruits, vegetables, and good fats will benefit overall health.
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Medical News Today. Health Conditions Health Products Discover Tools Connect. Cancer-fighting foods to reduce cancer risk. Medically reviewed by Amy Richter, RD , Nutrition — By Jamie Eske — Updated on December 22,
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