Promoting self-care in diabetes wellness -
It is perceived that social support from family and friends can decrease the stress that young people with T2DM encounter. Peer and parental support can indeed encourage young people with T2DM to perform self-care practices and alteration, adapt to a diabetes diagnosis, and engage in self-care practices.
A study involving 74 adolescent diabetes patients was carried out to assess the support that adolescent patients received from their friends during treatment. The impact of support from friends was not significant in the prolonged treatment but had a great impact on the adherence with blood-glucose monitoring A similar study was conducted to assess and analyze the effect of the support given by the family and companions for youngsters in diabetes care.
The study concluded that families pay more attention than friends in three different types of support insulin infusions, blood-glucose checking, and meals.
However, in an emotional affair, adolescents get more support from friends rather than family The adolescent may not always feel comfortable discussing their disease with everyone.
Healthcare professionals could play an important role in supporting them to make friendly confessions about their condition with those close to them. Healthcare professionals could help young people in figuring out a way to discuss their disease management or ask their peers about the ideal approaches to assist them in managing their disease Moreover, this review highlights that the collaborative care is an important criterion of self-management for adolescent diabetes patients.
If all the supportive groups play their role, then it is easy for adolescents to manage their diabetes properly. The term self-management is frequently baffling as there is no generally acknowledged definition, and it is utilized to convey different ideas, for example, the guidance of self-care and self-management, patient activities, and self-management education Self-management education enhances control of T2DM, particularly when conveyed as short intercessions, enabling the patient to recollect and have a better blend of information The conventional educational forms of care that include instructing patients to enhance the awareness of health status provide a path to the present forms that focus on the behavioral and self-care advances aim to equip patients with the attitudes and strategies to advance and alter their behavior Self-management education is a community-oriented and continuing process expected to encourage the advancement of behaviors, knowledge, and abilities that are required for fruitful self-management of diabetes A multidisciplinary team is essential for the education program which involves educational supporters from hospitals and clinics, and the direct involvement of healthcare professionals.
The process of the education program ought to comply with the standards and terms stated by the National Standards for Diabetes Self-management Education, which aims to support and assist diabetes educatiors in providing good quality education and self-management support The American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists has recognized that Diabetes Self-Management Education DSME remains as a crucial feature of care for diabetes people.
In addition, DSME serves as an avenue for acquisition of knowledge, skills, abilities, and collaboration with other people, which are essential for engaging self-management of diabetes DSME programs help individuals to adapt to the psychological and physical needs of the disease, specifically the remarkable financial, social, and cultural conditions.
The principal objective of DSME is to enable patients to take control of their own condition by enhancing their insight and attitudes, so that, they can make knowledgeable decisions for self-guided behavior, changing their regular lives and eventually moderating the danger of complications Definite metabolic control and quality of life as well as the avoidance of complications are the ultimate aims specified by diabetes self-management education Knowledge of and information about the successful management and treatment of adult diabetes patients allow adjustments to be made in youth's management of diabetes.
The treatment and management guidance of adult patients needs to be translated and adapted by child patients. Though these guidance are easily translatable to older adolescents, physicians are often hesitant regarding how to treat and manage young children and adolescents with T2DM Through knowledge and education, individuals with DM can figure out how to make life decisions, and can discuss more with their clinicians to accomplish ideal glycemic control A study examined the impacts of a self-care education program on T2DM patients demonstrated that the program leads to an improvement in state of mind and behavior, and fewer complexities, and thus leads to an improved mental and physical quality of life.
Several authors have discussed that diabetes self-management education is provided to control the disease including monitoring of emergencies such as hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia.
Indeed, several studies found that diabetes self-management education improves HbA 1C and patient compliance 63 , A diabetes education program is vital in glycemic control, as psychological support brings better clinical outcomes and emotional improvement, and controls the hazard of continuing complications 64 — Among the primary barriers of managing youth and children with T2DM are inadequate scientific support about treatment, patient adherence, and deficiency in knowledge about recent recommendations 67 , Consequently, various ways have been recommended for self-management of diabetes mellitus among adolescents.
These provide a coherent picture of daily activities and care that adolescent patients with T2DM adapt effectively To accomplish this goal, further interventional work is required to positively establish the most efficient management alternative in this population.
The previously published studies in this setting are summarized in Table 2. Table 2. Studies of self-care and self-management of adolescent patients with diabetes. Further research is essential to get a more reliable conclusion concerning the appropriate self-care practices and self-management of adolescent patients with T2DM.
Most studies were conducted on self-care practices and self-management in adult patients with T2DM. There is a number of quality studies of self-care practices with type 1 adolescent patients, but only a small number have included type 2 adolescent patients.
Nevertheless, adult diabetes management approaches are successful for imparting knowledge and understanding, and are adaptable for adolescents Although the management process of adolescents is almost same as the adults, healthcare providers are usually uncertain about how to guide and develop the knowledge and understanding of the most appropriate methods for proper management guideline for adolescents with T2DM.
There are very limited experimental trials, and most of the treatment and management recommendations are referred from adults; therefore, the current guidelines for management for adolescents with T2DM may not be fully evidence-based.
Successful outcomes have been noticed for both Type 1 and T2DM in youth and adolescent patients through a supportive team.
Given the recognized importance of social support in encouraging diabetes self-care behaviors, family and care-givers could lessen the burden of T2DM by providing extra attention to the patients' need 41 , Research highlights the necessities of self-care and self-management for those who have a delayed determination of diabetes, a period where intercessions can lead the most significant advantages for long-term education opportunities and management.
Early concerns and active management are imperative for drafting management plans that inclusive of self-management education, dietary follow up, physical activity and behavior alteration to optimize blood glucose and diminish diabetes-related complications.
The review of the issue is still relatively limited until more studies on this area have been conducted. Diabetes is a complicated illness that requires individual patient to adhere to various recommendations in making day-to-day choices in regard to diet, physical movement, and medications.
It additionally requires the personal capability of diverse self-management abilities. There is an enormous need for committed self-care practices in various spaces, with nutritional choices, physical activity, legitimate medication, and blood glucose monitoring by the patients.
A positive and encouraging self-care exercise commitment for diabetic patient can be emanated from good social support. Parental support in disease management leads to an effective change in patients' glycaemic control.
Nevertheless, the majority of adolescent patients with T2DM are associated to families with sedentary daily routines, high-fat diets, and poor food habits who often have a family history of diabetes.
This is likely to be disadvantageous to the management of diabetes in adolescents. The responsibility of clinicians in advancing self-care is imperative and ought to be highlighted.
To prevent any long-term complications, it is important to recognize the comprehensive nature of the issue. An orderly, multi-faceted and coordinated progress must be involved to advance self-care practices. CN, LM, YW, and MS designed and directed the study.
They were involved in the planning and supervised the study. JE, YK, CN, LM, YW, MH, YH and MS were involved in the interpretation of the data, as well as provided critical intellectual content in the manuscript. JE contributed to writing the manuscript and updated and revised the manuscript to the final version with the assistance of other authors.
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. This work was supported in part by Universiti Teknologi MARA UiTM under MyRA Incentive Grant.
We also thank KPJUC and CUCMS for partial publication fee support. Bell R. SEARCH for diabetes in youth: a multicenter study of the prevalence, incidence and classification of diabetes mellitus in youth.
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Christie D, Viner R. The focus in managing type 2 diabetes includes blood sugar monitoring, taking your prescribed medications as needed, and working with a healthcare team on food choices, exercise planning, and mental health. Most of your diabetes management is on your own each day.
A healthcare team may guide you and check your condition, but you have most of the power when it comes to staying healthy. This article will focus on your own T2D self-care, involving everything from blood sugar monitoring, insulin or other medications, meal planning, and adequate exercise routines that can keep your health and diabetes management in check.
A nationwide survey of several hundred diabetes care and education specialists estimated that it took adults with T2D about 66 minutes a day for routine self-care. The education specialists included monitoring blood sugar twice daily and oral medication into their estimate.
By contrast, you may only spend 1 hour or less every few months seeing a healthcare team for checkups, tests, and guidance. One doctor survey notes your time with that person may only be 17 to 24 minutes.
Because so much of your treatment is in your hands, knowing how to go about self-care is essential. Diabetes is a chronic condition that requires ongoing care to prevent or lessen complications.
Self-care each day may help determine how you feel and how you stay healthy in the long term. Monitoring your blood sugar is one of the most important things you can do to manage diabetes. Some people may need to check a couple of times a day, while others may choose to check their blood sugars more frequently.
You may choose to poke your finger for a small blood drop to check your blood sugar on a small handheld meter, or you may opt for a continuous glucose monitor that provides a more complete picture of how your glucose levels are fluctuating throughout the day.
People who need to check their blood sugar more often include those who:. You can read more about how blood sugars or glucose levels play a part in your diabetes management and understand what glucose goals may be best for you to discuss with a healthcare team. Your healthcare team may suggest one or more medications to help you manage T2D.
These medications may include:. A healthcare team may also prescribe other common medications for T2D. Lifestyle changes are an essential way to manage diabetes. These changes may include exercise, maintaining a moderate weight, and eating a healthy and nutritious diet.
You may work with a doctor who specializes in diabetes and a dietitian who can help you plan your meals. At the end of the day, you may spend a lot of time buying healthy foods, planning meals, and cooking.
Because of the work that goes into meal planning , getting support and guidance can be helpful. Some general recommendations for healthy eating with diabetes include:. Managing diabetes and making lifestyle changes can come with a learning curve.
Working with diabetes educators can help you make better choices that may help you better manage T2D. Some of the skills diabetes educators can help you learn may include :. A doctor may refer you to a diabetes self-management education and support service, or you can find one with the American Diabetes Association tool.
You may need to work with a healthcare team to figure out a diabetes care plan that works best for you. A care plan will likely include different items such as blood sugar management, medications that may help you manage your diabetes, food choices, exercise plans, and mental health considerations.
Diabetes may worsen mental health, and untreated mental health issues may make your diabetes management more difficult. People who have diabetes are times more likely to have depression , and only one-quarter to one-half of the population seek help.
Getting help and support can help you cope with the stress that can come with self-care. Research from points to the benefits of receiving emotional and psychological help, including improvement in diabetes management in the short term as well as preventing diabetes complications in the long term.
A healthcare team can help you manage T2D through office visits, routine medical testing, lifestyle education, nutritional advice, or counseling.
Gymnasium training workouts hyperglycaemia can lead to macro- and microvascular complications. Adolescents with T2DM develop diabtees complications Water requirements for young athletes self-cars adults, including cardiovascular disease, stroke, myocardial infarction, renal insufficiency, ih chronic renal failure. Although regular Promoting self-care in diabetes wellness follow-up iin essential Hormonal balance avoid long-term complications, patients with diabetes mellitus need to perform holistic self-care activities such as opting for a healthy diet, physical activity, self-monitoring, and proper medication. To the best of our knowledge, only a limited number of studies have focused on self-care activities and self-management, including self-care practices, supportive networks, and self-care education programs in adolescent with T2DM. Some of the studies focused on the appreciation of self-care in adolescents with T2DM. The focus in managing type sslf-care Promoting self-care in diabetes wellness includes blood Fiber optic network maintenance monitoring, wellnness your prescribed medications as needed, and welkness with a healthcare team on food choices, diabetws planning, and mental health. Seelf-care of Hydrostatic weighing for fitness assessment diabetes management is on your own each day. A Peomoting team may guide you and check your condition, but you have most of the power when it comes to staying healthy. This article will focus on your own T2D self-care, involving everything from blood sugar monitoring, insulin or other medications, meal planning, and adequate exercise routines that can keep your health and diabetes management in check. A nationwide survey of several hundred diabetes care and education specialists estimated that it took adults with T2D about 66 minutes a day for routine self-care. The education specialists included monitoring blood sugar twice daily and oral medication into their estimate.
Promoting self-care in diabetes wellness -
Will my insurance cover DSMES? Get Personalized Support. Learn More. DSMES for People With Diabetes Watch Now: Help to Manage Diabetes. Last Reviewed: October 2, Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Syndicate. home Diabetes Home. To receive updates about diabetes topics, enter your email address: Email Address. What's this. Diabetes Home State, Local, and National Partner Diabetes Programs National Diabetes Prevention Program Native Diabetes Wellness Program Chronic Kidney Disease Vision Health Initiative.
Links with this icon indicate that you are leaving the CDC website. Regular monitoring of your blood sugar levels gives you the information you need to make decisions. Testing your blood sugar lets you know when your levels are on target and it informs your decisions on activity and food so that you can live life to the fullest.
Taking the right medications will help you have greater control over your diabetes and help you feel better. Insulin, pills that lower your blood sugar, aspirin, blood pressure medication, cholesterol-lowering medication are a few of the medicines used to reduce your risk of complications.
Encountering struggles with your diabetes control will happen. You can't plan for every situation you may face. Expand awareness of, access to, and use of traditional, innovative, and nontraditional diabetes self-management education and support services.
Identify and address practice and patient-level barriers to accessing and participating in diabetes self-management education and support services e. Discuss with patients the benefits and value of initial and ongoing diabetes self-management education and support.
Ensure coordination of a medical nutrition therapy plan as a part of the overall management strategy, including a diabetes self-management education and support plan, medications, and physical activity, on an ongoing basis. Health systems and family physicians should mobilize to ensure that all people with type 2 diabetes have access to diabetes self-management education and support, including nutritional, physical, and emotional support.
Engage your clinical team, your organization, and your patients to design a process to make referrals to diabetes educators easy and impactful. Providing access to diabetes self-management education and support is an important part of the treatment plan for all patients with diabetes.
The opinions and assertions contained herein are the private views of the author and are not to be construed as official or as reflecting the views of the U. Army Medical Department or the U. Army at large. Powers MA, Bardsley JK, Cypress M, et al. Diabetes self-management education and support in adults with type 2 diabetes: a consensus report of the American Diabetes Association, the Association of Diabetes Care and Education Specialists, the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, the American Academy of Family Physicians, the American Academy of PAs, the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, and the American Pharmacists Association.
Diabetes Care. American Diabetes Association. Diabetes care in the hospital: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes— Lin J, Thompson TJ, Cheng YJ, et al. Projection of the future diabetes burden in the United States through Popul Health Metr. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes Horigan G, Davies M, Findlay-White F, et al.
Reasons why patients referred to diabetes education programmes choose not to attend: a systematic review.
Diabet Med.
Chronic Disease in Promotinb America Jn topic guide offers Water requirements for young athletes latest news, events, resources, and funding related to diabetes, as Fiber optic network maintenance as a Cognitive training programs overview of related issues. Diabetes self-management refers to the activities and behaviors an individual undertakes to control and treat their condition. People with diabetes must monitor their health regularly. Diabetes self-management typically occurs in the home and includes:. People with diabetes can learn self-management skills through diabetes self-management education and support DSMES programs.
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