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Top of the page. Overview Whether a person develops osteoporosis depends on the thickness of the bones bone density in early life, as well as health, diet, and physical activity later in life.

Things that increase your risk for osteoporosis include: Your age. Bones naturally become thinner as you get older. Having gone through menopause. After menopause, the body makes less estrogen. This hormone protects the body from bone loss.

Having a lower-than-normal testosterone level. Having a family history of osteoporosis. If a parent or sibling was diagnosed with osteoporosis or had broken bones from a minor injury, you are more likely to develop osteoporosis.

Taking corticosteroids or certain other medicines. Some medicines can cause bone thinning. Learn more here. Magnetic therapy for osteoporosis may help improve bone density and increase bone minerals and mass. Learn more. Arthritis is a condition that affects the joints, while osteoporosis affects the bones.

Learn more about the two conditions here. If a person's body overproduces parathyroid hormones, their calcium levels can become unbalanced. This may lead to osteoporosis. My podcast changed me Can 'biological race' explain disparities in health?

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Medical News Today. Health Conditions Health Products Discover Tools Connect. What to know about osteoporosis. Medically reviewed by Nancy Carteron, M. Signs and symptoms Treatment Causes and risk factors Prevention Diagnosis Complications Osteoporosis is a condition that causes weakened, porous bones.

Signs and symptoms. Share on Pinterest Willie B. Causes and risk factors. Frequently asked questions. How we reviewed this article: Sources. Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and draws only from peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations.

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What is postmenopausal osteoporosis? Medically reviewed by Shilpa Amin, M. What to know about reversing osteoporosis. What to know about magnetic therapy for osteoporosis Medically reviewed by Kelly Wood, MD. To provide you with the most relevant and helpful information, and understand which information is beneficial, we may combine your email and website usage information with other information we have about you.

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You may opt-out of email communications at any time by clicking on the unsubscribe link in the e-mail. You'll soon start receiving the latest Mayo Clinic health information you requested in your inbox. Under a microscope, healthy bone has the appearance of a honeycomb matrix top.

Osteoporotic bone bottom is more porous. Your bones are in a constant state of renewal — new bone is made and old bone is broken down.

When you're young, your body makes new bone faster than it breaks down old bone and your bone mass increases. After the early 20s this process slows, and most people reach their peak bone mass by age As people age, bone mass is lost faster than it's created.

How likely you are to develop osteoporosis depends partly on how much bone mass you attained in your youth. Peak bone mass is partly inherited and varies also by ethnic group.

The higher your peak bone mass, the more bone you have "in the bank" and the less likely you are to develop osteoporosis as you age. A number of factors can increase the likelihood that you'll develop osteoporosis — including your age, race, lifestyle choices, and medical conditions and treatments.

Osteoporosis is more common in people who have too much or too little of certain hormones in their bodies. Examples include:. Long-term use of oral or injected corticosteroid medicines, such as prednisone and cortisone, interferes with the bone-rebuilding process.

Osteoporosis has also been associated with medications used to combat or prevent:. The bones that make up your spine, called vertebrae, can weaken to the point that they crumple and collapse, which may result in back pain, lost height and a hunched posture.

Bone breaks, particularly in the spine or hip, are the most serious complications of osteoporosis. Hip fractures often are caused by a fall and can result in disability and even an increased risk of death within the first year after the injury. In some cases, broken bones in the spine can occur even if you haven't fallen.

The bones that make up your spine, called vertebrae, can weaken to the point of collapsing, which can result in back pain, lost height and a hunched-forward posture. Good nutrition and regular exercise are essential for keeping your bones healthy throughout your life.

Men and women between the ages of 18 and 50 need 1, milligrams of calcium a day. This daily amount increases to 1, milligrams when women turn 50 and men turn If you find it difficult to get enough calcium from your diet, consider taking calcium supplements.

However, too much calcium has been linked to kidney stones. Although yet unclear, some experts suggest that too much calcium, especially in supplements, can increase the risk of heart disease.

The Health and Medicine Division of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine recommends that total calcium intake, from supplements and diet combined, should be no more than 2, milligrams daily for people older than Vitamin D improves the body's ability to absorb calcium and improves bone health in other ways.

People can get some of their vitamin D from sunlight, but this might not be a good source if you live in a high latitude, if you're housebound, or if you regularly use sunscreen or avoid the sun because of the risk of skin cancer. Dietary sources of vitamin D include cod liver oil, trout and salmon.

Many types of milk and cereal have been fortified with vitamin D. Most people need at least international units IU of vitamin D a day.

That recommendation increases to IU a day after age People without other sources of vitamin D and especially with limited sun exposure might need a supplement. Most multivitamin products contain between and IU of vitamin D. Up to 4, IU of vitamin D a day is safe for most people.

Exercise can help you build strong bones and slow bone loss. Exercise will benefit your bones no matter when you start, but you'll gain the most benefits if you start exercising regularly when you're young and continue to exercise throughout your life.

Combine strength training exercises with weight-bearing and balance exercises. Strength training helps strengthen muscles and bones in your arms and upper spine. Weight-bearing exercises — such as walking, jogging, running, stair climbing, skipping rope, skiing and impact-producing sports — affect mainly the bones in your legs, hips and lower spine.

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