Table 2. Feng Nutritional analysis, Williams Carbohydratez, Koumanov F, Endurance cardio exercises AJ, Holman GD FGT-1 Herbal fat burners the major Afing transporter in Cargohydrates. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2 — Table 1. Both dietary GI and GL have been proposed to contribute to the development of obesity 6diabetes, and cardiovascular disease 7. Start by cooking your meats, slowly, and avoiding over cooked meat, as well.

Carbohydrates in Aging -

Animal Fluency Test was a part of executive function, and participants were asked to name as many animals as possible within a minute to examine categorical verbal fluency.

The score is the sum of the number of correct answers ranging from 3 to 39 Dong et al. The DSST test was performed to evaluate processing speed, sustained attention, and working memory, which is a performance module of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale.

The score for DSST ranged from 0 to Dong et al. The higher the score, the better the cognitive function on all the above tests. Furthermore, there is no gold standard for the CERAD Word List Learning, CERAD Word List Recall, Animal Fluency, and DSST tests to determine low cognitive performance.

Therefore, according to the published research, the 25th percentile of the score, the lowest quartile was used as the cutoff point to determine low cognitive performance in the current study Chen et al.

In this study, a total of three groups of participants were obtained, including the total participants, participants whose daily fasting duration was fewer than 16 h, and participants whose daily fasting duration was more than 16 h.

For the CERAD Word List Learning test, the cutoff point values of 16, 15, and 16 were used to determine the low cognitive function of the three groups of participants, respectively. For the CERAD Word List Recall, the cutoff point values of 5, 4, and 5 were used to determine the low cognitive function of the three groups of participants, respectively.

For the Animal Fluency Test, the cutoff point values of 13, 12, and 13 were used to determine the low cognitive function of the three groups of participants, respectively.

For the DSST test, the cutoff point values of 34, 29, and 36 were used to determine the low cognitive function of the three groups of participants, respectively.

All statistical analyses were performed by R 3. The new sample weight was calculated according to the NHANES analytical guidelines the 2-year sample weight divided by 2 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, Multiple logistic regression models were developed to examine the association of dietary carbohydrates with poor cognitive performance among total participants, participants whose daily fasting duration was more than 16 h, and participants whose daily fasting duration was fewer than 16 h, respectively.

Categorical variables were modeled as continuous variables through the assignment of the median value to each quartile to test linear trends. Model 1 was adjusted for age, sex, and ethnicity; Model 2 was additionally adjusted for income, education, exercise, current smoker, current drinker, supplement use, BMI, total intake of energy, AHEI, and dietary fiber intake; Model 3 was additionally adjusted for self-reported of diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease, angina, heart attack, and stroke , cancer, and sleep disorders.

Linear regression models were performed to examine the association of dietary carbohydrates with the score of cognitive tests among the three groups of participants. All analyses excluding restricted cubic splines in the current study incorporated sample weights, stratification, and clustering of the complex sampling design to ensure the nationally representative estimates according to NHANES analytic guidelines.

We also performed 3 sensitive analyses among participants 1 male and female; 2 Non-Hispanic Black, Non-Hispanic White, and other; 3 regular exercise and non-regular exercise. Compared with participants in quartile 1, there were more older participants in quartile 4.

Compared with participants in quartile 1, participants in quartile 4 were more likely to have less annual household income, and lower education levels. The association of dietary carbohydrates with poor cognitive performance among total participants is shown in Table 1.

When further adjusted for other demographic, dietary, and disease information, participants in quartile 4 of percentage energy from carbohydrates were still associated with the CERAD-WL test in Model 2 and Model 3 ORModel2 1. Similarly, participants in the highest quartile of percentage energy from carbohydrates were associated with the CERAD-DR test in all Models ORModel1 1.

Further, participants in quartile 4 of percentage energy from carbohydrates were associated with the AF test ORModel1 1. No association was observed when additionally adjusted for other demographic, dietary, and disease information in Model 2 and Model 3.

Table 1. Association of dietary carbohydrates with poor cognitive performance among total participants. Similar to the association among all participants, participants in the highest quartile of percentage energy from carbohydrates were significantly associated with the CERAD-WL test OR Model1 2.

For the AF test, participants in the highest quartile of percentage energy from carbohydrates have a higher OR OR 1. No association was observed when further adjusted for other demographic, dietary, and disease information in Model 2 and Model 3.

For the DSST test, participants in quartile 4 of percentage energy from carbohydrates had higher ORs OR Model1 1. Table 2. Association of dietary carbohydrates with poor cognitive performance among participants whose daily fasting duration was fewer than 16 h.

Table 3. Association of dietary carbohydrates with poor cognitive performance among participants whose daily fasting duration was more than 16 h. Supplementary Table 2 shows the association of percentage energy from carbohydrates with cognitive scores among total participants.

Compared with participants in quartile 1, participants in quartile 4 of percentage energy from carbohydrates were negatively associated with CERAD-WL score βModel1 —1. Further, the highest quartile of percentage energy from carbohydrates was negatively associated with the CERAD-DR score βModel1 —0.

The association disappeared when additionally adjusted for other variables in Model 2 and Model 3. Moreover, participants in the highest quartile of percentage energy from carbohydrates was negatively associated with the DSST score βModel3 —2.

The association of percentage energy from carbohydrates with cognitive score among participants whose daily fasting duration was fewer than 16 h is present in Supplementary Table 3.

As shown in the table, participants in the highest quartile of percentage energy from carbohydrates were negatively associated with the CERAD-WL score βModel1 —1.

After adjusting for age, gender, and ethnicity, there were negative associations between the highest quartile of percentage energy from carbohydrates and CERAD-DR score βModel1 —0.

No association was observed in Model 2 and Model 3. The association of dietary carbohydrates consumption with cognitive scores among participants whose daily fasting duration was more than 16 h is shown in Supplementary Table 4. As shown in the table, no significant association was observed. Figure 1.

Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 4. When excluding participants with sleep disorders, the association was consistent with the results of the total sample Supplementary Tables 5 — 7.

Meanwhile, the above association remained robust when additional adjustment was made for the timing of breakfast and dinner Supplementary Tables 8 — Finally, the association was remained robust between dietary carbohydrates and poor cognitive performance defined by total score of CERAD-WL, CERAD-DR, DSST, and AF test Supplementary Tables 14 — In addition, we found that consuming more carbohydrates were associated with cognitive performance among male, Non-Hispanic Black participants, and participants with or without regular exercise Supplementary Tables 17 — This study investigates the association of dietary carbohydrates consumption with cognitive function among participants with different daily fasting duration among U.

S older adults. In this nationally representative data, we found that higher percentage energy from carbohydrates was associated with poor cognitive performance, but not in participants whose daily fasting duration was more than 16 h. Further, the negative associations between dietary carbohydrates consumption and cognitive score were still significant among total participant and participants with a daily fasting duration of less than 16 h.

Whereas, no association was observed among participants with a daily fasting duration of more than 16 h. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to illustrate that daily fasting duration could improve the cognitive impairment caused by dietary carbohydrates consumption. Previous studies have revealed that dietary carbohydrate consumption has been related to cognitive impairment, which was consistent with the current study among total participants Bachlechner et al.

A growing body of evidence showed that time-restricted feeding TRF; limiting the time of food consumption to 8—10 h throughout a day , a popular form of intermittent fasting, can improve cognitive function, aging, and extend healthy lifespan Anton et al.

Compared with the long-time diet control, there has been increased interest and acceptance of TRF, which may be easier to adhere to and maintain as time goes by Rynders et al.

The direct effect of dietary carbohydrates and daily fasting duration on cognitive function has been widely documented respectively in previous studies Benau et al. In the current study, we found that the association between dietary carbohydrates consumption and cognitive impairment could be improved by daily fasting duration among U.

When participants were stratified by daily fasting duration, the above association remained robust among participants with a daily fasting duration of fewer than 16 h, but not in participants with a daily fasting duration of more than 16 h.

This observation illustrated that participants could attenuate the harmful effect of dietary carbohydrates on cognitive function by extending their daily fasting duration to 16 h. Similar associations were also observed when excluding participants with sleep disorders, which was a traditional risk factor for cognitive function Irwin and Vitiello, Additionally, this study also observed that the percentage energy from carbohydrates was negatively associated with CERAD-WL and DSST scores among total participants and participants with a daily fasting duration of fewer than 16 h, but not in participants with a daily fasting duration of more than 16 h, which further supports our point of view.

The above association could be partially supported by the previous research. It appears that dietary carbohydrates on cognitive function include inflammatory, dysregulation in metabolic, and vascular factors Hawkins et al.

It has been one of the major public health concerns for establishing effective manners to prevent cognitive decline in older adults. To date, intermittent fasting has received increasing interest, which may produce biological changes similar to caloric restriction Anton and Leeuwenburgh, , as a useful manner to slow down the aging process and extend lifespan Weindruch, Human studies showed the benefits of TRF meals on cognitive function and dementia in older adults Anton et al.

Compared with traditional dietary restrictions, participants showed that this manner of eating was more acceptable and they would be willing to maintain this manner of eating pattern, suggesting intermittent fasting is a sustainable and useful strategy for older adults Anton et al.

A previous study suggested that intermittent fasting may counteract aging, which has been considered a major risk factor for cognitive impairment, dementia, and neurological disease Longo and Mattson, Further, intermittent fasting has beneficial effects in increasing circulation, modulation of reactive oxygen species, and inflammation through increasing autophagy and mitochondrial respiratory efficiency Lee and Longo, Animal studies also indicated that intermittent fasting was an effective mechanism for improving cognition impairment and hippocampal function in mice Hamezah et al.

A potential mechanism between intermittent fasting and cognitive function was that intermittent fasting was proved to reduce levels of inflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6 , ROS production, and improve the function of endothelial Arumugam et al.

Moreover, intermittent fasting was reported to modulate the composition of microbial and increase its abundance, which had an influence on metabolism and nutritional status Zeb et al.

Therefore, the imbalance of the gut microbiome has been related to a series of immune, inflammatory, and nervous system-related diseases by the microbiome-brain axis Salvucci, , as well as the development and function of the brain Ceppa et al. In summary, this study illustrates that dietary carbohydrate consumption was associated with poor cognitive performance, while longer daily fasting duration could improve cognitive impairment.

This study provides new perspectives and knowledge in the field of nutrition to prevent poor cognitive performance in the US elderly. This study has several strengths. Firstly, this study firstly demonstrated the association between dietary carbohydrate consumption and cognitive impairment by simultaneously considering daily fasting duration based on the well-designed study NHANES.

Secondly, this study involved quite a large number of US older adults from the nationally representative data in the United States.

Thirdly, a series of potential confounders were included in the current study to better examine the above association. Fourthly, this study also examined the dose-response association between percentage energy from carbohydrates and cognitive impairment among participants with different daily fasting duration.

Finally, both quartiles and continuous forms of percentage energy from carbohydrates were considered in the current study. However, limitations still exist in this study.

First of all, dietary information was adopted and measured by two h dietary recalls, which cannot reflect the real consumption as usual. Secondly, causality could not be established due to the cross-sectional study design. Thirdly, residual confounders may still exist even if a large number of confounders were adjusted.

Publicly available datasets were analyzed in this study. Ethical review and approval was not required for the study on human participants in accordance with the local legislation and institutional requirements. Home Research Research impact Technology Health and wellbeing Environment Society and culture High-carb diet.

The secret to healthy ageing may be a diet low in protein and high in healthy carbs. Diet low in protein and high in healthy carbs maybe best for healthy ageing. Explore our nutrition research Charles Perkins Centre. Dr Samantha Solon-Biet. Smarter transport solution could transform commuting.

Our research into smarter door-to-door solutions — driven by digital disruption — will make getting to work cheaper and simpler. Willett WC Sampson L Browne ML et al. The use of a self-administered questionnaire to assess diet four years in the past.

Am J Epidemiol. Barclay AW Flood VM Brand-Miller JC Mitchell P. Validity of carbohydrate, glycaemic index and glycaemic load data obtained using a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Public Health Nutr.

Smith W Mitchell P Reay EM Webb K Harvey PW. Validity and reproducibility of a self-administered food frequency questionnaire in older people.

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Gopinath B Harris DC Flood VM Burlutsky G Brand-Miller J Mitchell P. Carbohydrate nutrition is associated with the 5-year incidence of chronic kidney disease. J Nutr. Kan H Stevens J Heiss G Klein R Rose KM London SJ.

Dietary fiber intake and retinal vascular caliber in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Calçada D Vianello D Giampieri E et al.

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Buyken AE Flood V Empson M et al. Carbohydrate nutrition and inflammatory disease mortality in older adults. Maslowski KM Vieira AT Ng A et al. Regulation of inflammatory responses by gut microbiota and chemoattractant receptor GPR Tsai CJ Leitzmann MF Willett WC Giovannucci EL.

Glycemic load, glycemic index, and carbohydrate intake in relation to risk of cholecystectomy in women. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford.

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Advanced Search. Search Menu. Article Navigation. Close mobile search navigation Article Navigation. Volume Article Contents Abstract. Conflict of Interest. Journal Article. Association Between Carbohydrate Nutrition and Successful Aging Over 10 Years.

Bamini Gopinath , Bamini Gopinath. Oxford Academic. Victoria M. Annette Kifley. Jimmy C. Paul Mitchell. Decision Editor: Stephen Kritchevsky, PhD.

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In ij Endurance cardio exercises. Nutritional guidance for athletes treating Carbohydeates as medicine is a highly Carbohydratse concept, many recent studies Carhohydrates demonstrated Carbohydratds wisdom in this statement and how monitoring food Endurance cardio exercisesCarbbohydratesCarbohydtates timing are crucial Colombian coffee beans good health. However, what precisely makes up the optimal diet remains controversial. Growing evidence suggests optimal diets may depend on an interplay of health factors, including age, sex, and genetics. They found that diets including mid-to-high levels of unrefined carbohydrates, a low but sufficient plant-based protein intake, and regular fish consumption were linked to an extended lifespan and healthspan. Valter Longoprofessor of gerontology and biological sciences at the University of Southern California, and one of the authors of the study, told Medical News Today :. All aspects of the diet are linked to long-term health and longevity.

Carbohydrates in Aging -

The study , published September 23, , in the BMJ, looked at weight change in , men and women aged 65 years or younger over a period of up to 24 years. Participants gained an average of more than three pounds every four years, but the researchers found that the quality of carbohydrates that participants ate made a difference for weight control.

For example, adding 3. The associations were particularly strong for women and people with excess body weight. com article. Read the Today.

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October 12, — People who Abing a diet rich Circadian rhythm definition high quality Carbhydrates Carbohydrates in Aging as Carbphydrates grainsfruit, and non-starchy vegetables may gain less weight in middle age than those whose diets contain Carbohydrates in Aging Carbohyrates and kn vegetables such Carbohydrates in Aging potatoes, according to a recent study led by researchers from Harvard T. Chan School of Public Health. The studypublished September 23,in the BMJ, looked at weight change inmen and women aged 65 years or younger over a period of up to 24 years. Participants gained an average of more than three pounds every four years, but the researchers found that the quality of carbohydrates that participants ate made a difference for weight control. For example, adding 3.

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