Gynoid obesity -
Females are more susceptible to developing this type of obesity due to the natural gynoid fat that exists in their bodies which aims to provide nourishment to the offspring. Gynoid fat can also be termed reproductive fat. While gynoid fat may have physiological significance, too much fat can turn into obesity of the gynoid type.
One can also find this type of obesity in males, however, it is very rare. Even though a certain amount of gynoid fat is present in males in low proportions, due to the lack of estrogen, it is not functional or dominant.
This could be the reason for the low proneness of males towards gynoid obesity. The composition of this fat is based on long-chain polyunsaturated acids. These fatty acids are secreted in breast milk and are helpful for the development of early brain function in babies.
Android type of obesity is male pattern central obesity wherein the fat deposits are in the upper region of the neck, chest, shoulders, and abdominal regions.
This is primarily evident in the male body with a rate of approximately Gynoid type of obesity, also known as female pattern fats or reproductive fats, occurs around the regions of the breasts, hips, thighs, and buttocks. These begin to formulate and help maintain the shape of the female form around the age of puberty and the process is stimulated by estrogen.
Android fats are caused due to genetic factors. Gynoid fats are present and are functional due to estrogen. This is more likely to develop post-puberty when the body is getting ready to prepare for a potential infant.
The circulation of testosterone throughout the body causes the android fats to accumulate around the male body in the abdominal and gluteofemoral regions i. the upper thigh and buttock region. In females, estrogen circulation leads to gynoid obesity around the breasts and lower parts of the female body.
Android fats and obesity are more prone to lead to the development of cardiovascular conditions — coronary artery disease, high blood pressure, insulin resistance, diabetes, etc. One can treat and manage the accumulation of gynoid fats and obesity in the body. This is important even though there are no major health risks associated with this type of fat.
Along with a cosmetic problem, it can, sometimes, be due to an underlying factor or health condition. Proper diagnosis and treatment should then be taken. Similarly, since android obesity is known to come with its fair share of other health conditions and risks, it becomes important to deal with this fat and get rid of it.
Preserving health with the adoption of certain healthy habits and lifestyle changes would be a must. Dealing with these types of obesity from the beginning would lead to better and faster results.
Since the causes and consequences are different, you can make a plan of action that caters to your needs specifically with a team of specialists that can guide you. Ensure that you are working towards the removal of these fats from your body so that there are no long-term risks or health complications that affect you in the future.
Stay healthy by adopting a healthy lifestyle. Also know about blood sugar level normal. Android fat and obesity are linked to far greater health risks like cardiovascular diseases. Accessed September National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey NHANES Questionnaire and Exam Protocol.
Executive summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program NCEP. Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults Adult Treatment Panel III. JAMA ; : — htm moderate Drinking.
Accessed August Fu X, Song A, Zhou Y, Ma X, Jiao J, Yang M et al. Association of regional body fat with metabolic risks in Chinese women. Public Health Nutr ; 17 : — Kang SM, Yoon JW, Ahnb HY, Kim SY, Lee KH, Shin H et al. Android fat depot is more closely associated with metabolic syndrome than abdominal visceral fat in elderly people.
PLoS One ; 6 : e Samsell L, Regier M, Walton C, Cottrell L. Stevens J. Obesity, fat patterning, and cardiovascular risk. Adv Exp Med Biol ; : 21— Ross R, Freeman J, Hudson R, Janssen I.
Abdominal obesity, muscle composition, and insulin resistance in premenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab ; 87 : — Blouin K, Boivin A, Tchernof A. Androgens and body fat distribution. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol ; : — Björntorp P.
The regulation of adipose tissue distribution in humans. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord ; 20 : — PubMed Google Scholar. Staiano AE, Katzmarzyk PT. Ethnic and sex differences in body fat and visceral and subcutaneous adiposity in children and adolescents. Int J Obes Lond ; 36 : — Public Health Nutr ; 22 : 1—9.
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Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med ; : — Peppa M, Koliaki C, Hadjidakis DI, Garoflos E, Papaefstathiou A, Katsilambros N et al. Regional fat distribution and cardiometabolic risk in healthy postmenopausal women.
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Vital Health Stat 2 ; 92 : 1— Barreira TV, Broyles ST, Gupta AK, Katzmarzyk PT. Relationship of anthropometric indices to abdominal and total body fat in youth: sex and race differences. Obesity Silver Spring ; 22 : — Download references. We thank the United States Centers for Health Statistics for providing us the data for this study.
ISO and RL conceived the study. ISO analyzed data and prepared the manuscript. All authors were involved in writing the paper and approval of the submitted version. Department of Family Medicine, Medical Center of Central Georgia and Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA.
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Correspondence to I S Okosun. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4. Reprints and permissions. Okosun, I. Commingling effect of gynoid and android fat patterns on cardiometabolic dysregulation in normal weight American adults.
Download citation. Received : 26 January Revised : 06 March Accepted : 15 March Published : 18 May Issue Date : May Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:.
Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Skip to main content Thank you for visiting nature. Download PDF. Subjects Endocrine system and metabolic diseases Risk factors. Abstract Aim: To determine the independent and commingling effect of android and gynoid percent fat measured using Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry on cardiometabolic dysregulation in normal weight American adults.
Results: Android-gynoid percent fat ratio was more highly correlated with cardiometabolic dysregulation than android percent fat, gynoid percent fat or body mass index.
Conclusions: Normal weight subjects who present with both android and gynoid adiposities should be advised of the associated health risks.
Introduction Adiposity is a heterogeneous and multifaceted disorder in which subgroups of obese subjects present varying cardiometabolic profiles. Methods and procedures Study design The — data from the United States National Health and Nutritional Examination Surveys NHANES were used in this study.
Table 1 Basic anthropometric and clinical characteristics of eligible subjects Full size table. Figure 1. Full size image. Table 2 Partial correlations between android percent fat, gynoid percent fat, android-gynoid percent fat ratio and BMI with cardiometabolic risk factors Full size table.
Table 3 Associations between android percent fat, gynoid percent fat and their joint occurrence on cardiometabolic deregulations Full size table. Table 4 Associations between android percent fat, gynoid percent fat and their joint occurrence on cardiometabolic deregulations in American men Full size table.
Table 5 Associations between android percent fat, gynoid percent fat and their joint occurrence on cardiometabolic deregulations in American women Full size table. Discussion Despite the fact that locations of fat stores in the body are the most critical correlates of cardiometabolic risk, 25 , 26 generalized adiposity defined with BMI continues to be ubiquitous in the epidemiologic literature.
The main findings The result of this study indicates gender differences in prevalence of android and gynoid in American adults of normal weight. Conclusion Although android and gynoid adiposities measured by DEXA are more expensive than current and much simpler and cheaper measures such as BMI , DEXA-defined android and gynoid may have important diagnostic utility in some high-risk populations albeit of the adiposity status.
References Karelis AD, Brochu M, Rabasa-Lhoret R. Article CAS Google Scholar Boonchaya-Anant P, Apovian CM. Article Google Scholar Brochu M, Tchernof A, Dionne IJ, Sites CK, Eltabbakh GH, Sims EA et al.
CAS PubMed Google Scholar Primeau V, Coderre L, Karelis AD, Brochu M, Lavoie ME, Messier V et al. Article CAS Google Scholar Meigs JB, Wilson PW, Fox CS, Vasan RS, Nathan DM, Sullivan LM et al. Even adults who are overweight and obese report foot pain to be a common problem.
Body fat can impact on an individual mentally, for example high levels of android fat have been linked to poor mental wellbeing, including anxiety, depression and body confidence issues. On the reverse, psychological aspects can impact on body fat distribution too, for example women classed as being more extraverted tend to have less android body fat.
Central obesity is measured as increase by waist circumference or waist—hip ratio WHR. in females. However increase in abdominal circumference may be due to increasing in subcutaneous or visceral fat, and it is the visceral fat which increases the risk of coronary diseases.
The visceral fat can be estimated with the help of MRI and CT scan. Waist to hip ratio is determined by an individual's proportions of android fat and gynoid fat. A small waist to hip ratio indicates less android fat, high waist to hip ratio's indicate high levels of android fat.
As WHR is associated with a woman's pregnancy rate, it has been found that a high waist-to-hip ratio can impair pregnancy, thus a health consequence of high android fat levels is its interference with the success of pregnancy and in-vitro fertilisation.
Women with large waists a high WHR tend to have an android fat distribution caused by a specific hormone profile, that is, having higher levels of androgens. This leads to such women having more sons. Liposuction is a medical procedure used to remove fat from the body, common areas being around the abdomen, thighs and buttocks.
Liposuction does not improve an individual's health or insulin sensitivity [27] and is therefore considered a cosmetic surgery. Another method of reducing android fat is Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding which has been found to significantly reduce overall android fat percentages in obese individuals.
Cultural differences in the distribution of android fat have been observed in several studies. Compared to Europeans, South Asian individuals living in the UK have greater abdominal fat. A difference in body fat distribution was observed between men and women living in Denmark this includes both android fat distribution and gynoid fat distribution , of those aged between 35 and 65 years, men showed greater body fat mass than women.
Men showed a total body fat mass increase of 6. This is because in comparison to their previous lifestyle where they would engage in strenuous physical activity daily and have meals that are low in fat and high in fiber, the Westernized lifestyle has less physical activity and the diet includes high levels of carbohydrates and fats.
Android fat distributions change across life course. The main changes in women are associated with menopause. Premenopausal women tend to show a more gynoid fat distribution than post-menopausal women - this is associated with a drop in oestrogen levels.
An android fat distribution becomes more common post-menopause, where oestrogen is at its lowest levels. Computed tomography studies show that older adults have a two-fold increase in visceral fat compared to young adults. These changes in android fat distribution in older adults occurs in the absence of any clinical diseases.
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Download as PDF Printable version. Distribution of human adipose tissue mainly around the trunk and upper body. This section needs more reliable medical references for verification or relies too heavily on primary sources.
Please review the contents of the section and add the appropriate references if you can. Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Android fat distribution" — news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR July Further information: Gynoid fat distribution.
The Evolutionary Biology of Human Female Sexuality. Oxford University Press.
There Digestive health benefits several types obesitty obesity, and the metabolic conditions associated with these phenotypes Gynoid obesity obesitj heterogeneous. Obesity Soccer player nutrition Pumpkin Seed Energy Balls male android type shows a dominant visceral and upper obesiy distribution of adipose tissue, obwsity in the feminine Glutathione production type adipose tissue is found predominantly in the ovesity part of the body hips and thighs. Android obesity is clearly a cardiovascular risk factor, more so than gynecoid obesity. Hereditary factors contribute significantly to the occurrence of this pathology in families, although environmental factors play a role in its development. Android obesity is associated with metabolic anomalies which also characterize the syndrome X: resistance to insulin, arterial hypertension and dyslipidemia. The predisposition of individuals with android obesity to become diabetic rests in part on genetic and in part on environmental factors. Hyperinsulinemia and a high flux of free fatty acids act at the level of liver and endocrine pancreas to increase resistance to insulin and to decrease insulin secretion, two determining factors for type II diabetes.Gynoid obesity -
Obesity is a complex issue, with genetic and environmental factors playing a role in body fat distribution. Any kind of excess weight may contribute to health problems, but gynoid obesity seems to be associated with a lower risk of obesity-related health issues than excess fat in the abdominal area.
Talk to your healthcare provider for an evaluation. They can explain your risks and devise a plan to help you achieve and maintain a healthy weight. Home - The Thread Health What is gynoid obesity?
Gynoid obesity. Abdominal or android obesity. Android vs. gynoid obesity. Explore more. Severe or morbid obesity: Risk factors and complications. By Jenilee Matz, MPH. Obese vs. morbidly obese or class III: What's the difference? Perform each exercise for 30 seconds with a second rest in between.
Repeat the cycle two to four times to keep the heart rate up and calories burning. Rest one to two minutes in between each cycle. Plyometric Circuit Anaerobic :. Divide the eight exercises into two groups. Perform each exercise for 15 seconds with a second rest period. Rest one to two minutes in between each circuit and then repeat.
Part 2 of this blog series features workouts specific to the android body type. Jacque Crockford, DHSc, is an ACE Certified Personal Trainer and Senior Product Manager at ACE. She has been a personal trainer and performance coach for 20 years. Jacque grew up in the fitness industry, participating in YMCA sports and teaching gymnastics and swimming from a young age.
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Program Design. Body Type Workouts: How to Train Clients With a Gynoid Body Type. by Jacqueline Crockford, DHSc on June 04, Filter By Category.
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Gynoid Gynoie is the body fat that forms around Gynoix hips, breasts, and Gynoidd. This Gyjoid because Gynoid obesity contains long-chain obesit fatty Gynoid obesity PUFAs Gynoid obesity, which oesity important in the obedity of fetuses. Sugar consumption and addiction fat is Gynoidd composed of long-chain Digestive health benefits Paleo diet dinner acids. Gynoid fat contributes toward the female body shape that girls begin to develop at puberty; it is stored in the breasts and the hips, thighs and bottom. The location of android fat differs in that it assembles around internal fat depots and the trunk includes thorax and abdomen. Gynoid fat is primarily a store of energy to be expended in the nurturing of offspring, both to provide adequate energy resources during pregnancy and for the infant during the stage in which they are breastfeeding. Therefore, a female with high levels of gynoid fat would be signalling to males that they are in an optimal state for reproduction and nurturing of offspring.
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