Managing blood sugar -
People may also refer to sugars and starches as simple and complex carbs. Simple carbs primarily consist of one type of sugar. The body breaks these carbohydrates down very quickly, which causes blood sugar to rise rapidly.
Complex carbohydrates consist of three or more sugars that are linked together. They result in a more gradual release of sugar into the body, meaning that blood sugar levels do not rise rapidly after a person eats them.
Some people may use the glycemic index GI to help them monitor how much sugar and carbohydrate they eat, which will, in turn, help them manage their blood sugar levels. The GI measures and ranks various foods by how much they cause blood sugar levels to rise.
Low GI foods describe those that score 55 or lower on the index. These foods include:. Reaching a moderate weight can help a person better manage their diabetes. The ideal weight range for a person varies among individuals, but a doctor can help provide guidance.
Evidence notes a link between obesity and type 2 diabetes. Research also highlights the relationship between obesity and insulin resistance.
Insulin is the hormone that is responsible for allowing glucose in the blood to enter cells. At most meals, a person should follow portion guidelines. Eating a suitable portion size can make it easier to manage weight and control blood sugar levels. Many factors, such as weight, body composition, and activity levels, play a role in determining the ideal portion sizes.
A doctor or dietitian can offer more specific advice on appropriate portion sizes for a person. Exercise has many health benefits and can help a person manage their blood sugar levels.
Notably, exercise can help by increasing insulin sensitivity, allowing muscle cells to use the hormone more effectively to take up glucose and use it for energy. This can help lower blood sugar in the short term. Proper hydration is crucial for health, and it can help a person control their blood sugar levels.
Dehydration is the term for the body having less water than it requires. It can cause blood sugar levels to spike, as less water in the body means that there is a higher concentration of sugar in the blood. Therefore, taking on more fluids can help lower blood sugar.
However, it is important to hydrate with water, as other beverages — such as fruit juices and sodas — can cause blood glucose to increase further.
Some people may consider using herbal supplements to help control their blood sugar. Although some research suggests that they may have a positive effect, more evidence is necessary to support these claims.
Additionally, some herbs can interact with other medications and result in side effects. As such, a person should discuss any supplements with a doctor before taking them. Stress has a significant effect on blood sugar levels.
The body releases stress hormones when it is under tension, such as when a person is ill or experiencing emotional stress, and these hormones can raise blood sugar levels. Evidence notes that managing stress through exercise and allowing time for rest and relaxation can help lower blood sugar levels.
Getting adequate sleep can help with diabetes management. Evidence indicates that most adults should aim for 7 or more hours of sleep per night.
Insufficient sleep can have various effects on the body, including :. If we combine this information with your protected health information, we will treat all of that information as protected health information and will only use or disclose that information as set forth in our notice of privacy practices.
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Diabetes is a serious disease. Following your diabetes treatment plan takes total commitment. Careful management of diabetes can lower your risk of serious or life-threatening complications.
Make physical activity part of your daily routine. Regular physical activity can help prevent prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. It can also help those who already have diabetes to maintain better blood sugar control.
A minimum of 30 minutes of moderate physical activity — such as brisk walking — most days of the week is recommended. Aim for at least minutes of moderate aerobic physical activity a week.
Getting regular aerobic exercise along with getting at least two days a week of strength training exercises can help control blood sugar more effectively than does either type of exercise alone. Aerobic exercises can include walking, biking or dancing. Resistance training can include weight training and body weight exercises.
Also try to spend less time sitting still. Try to get up and move around for a few minutes at least every 30 minutes or so when you're awake. Keep your vaccinations up to date. High blood sugar can weaken your immune system. Get a flu shot every year.
Your provider may recommend the pneumonia and COVID vaccines, as well. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC also currently recommends hepatitis B vaccination if you haven't previously had it and you're an adult ages 19 to 59 with type 1 or type 2 diabetes.
The most recent CDC guidelines suggest vaccination as soon as possible after diagnosis with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. If you are age 60 or older, have been diagnosed with diabetes, and haven't previously received the vaccine, talk to your provider about whether it's right for you.
If you drink alcohol, do so responsibly. Alcohol can cause either high or low blood sugar. This depends on how much you drink and if you eat at the same time. If you choose to drink, do so only in moderation — one drink a day for women and up to two drinks a day for men — and always with food.
Remember to include the carbohydrates from any alcohol you drink in your daily carbohydrate count. And check your blood sugar levels before going to bed. Many substances have been shown to improve the body's ability to process insulin in some studies.
Other studies fail to find any benefit for blood sugar control or in lowering A1C levels. Because of the conflicting findings, there aren't any alternative therapies that are currently recommended to help everyone to manage blood sugar.
If you decide to try any type of alternative therapy, don't stop taking the drugs that your provider has prescribed. Be sure to discuss the use of any of these therapies with your provider.
Make sure that they won't cause bad reactions or interact with your current therapy. Also, no treatments — alternative or conventional — can cure diabetes. If you're using insulin therapy for diabetes, never stop using insulin unless directed to do so by your provider. Living with diabetes can be difficult and frustrating.
Sometimes, even when you've done everything right, your blood sugar levels may rise. But stick with your diabetes management plan and you'll likely see a positive difference in your A1C when you visit your provider.
Good diabetes management can take a great deal of time and feel overwhelming. Some people find that it helps to talk to someone. Your provider can probably recommend a mental health professional for you to speak with. Or you may want to try a support group.
Sharing your frustrations and triumphs with people who understand what you're going through can be very helpful. And you may find that others have great tips to share about diabetes management.
Your provider may know of a local support group. You can also call the American Diabetes Association at DIABETES or the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation at CURE You're likely to start by seeing your health care provider if you're having diabetes symptoms.
If your child is having diabetes symptoms, you might see your child's health care provider. If blood sugar levels are very high, you'll likely be sent to the emergency room. If blood sugar levels aren't high enough to put you or your child immediately at risk, you may be referred to a provider trained in diagnosing and treating diabetes endocrinologist.
Soon after diagnosis, you'll also likely meet with a diabetes educator and a registered dietitian to get more information on managing your diabetes. Preparing a list of questions can help you make the most of your time with your provider.
For diabetes, some questions to ask include:. Diabetes care at Mayo Clinic. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic Press. This content does not have an English version.
This content does not have an Arabic version. Diagnosis Type 1 diabetes FAQs Endocrinologist Yogish Kudva, M. Care at Mayo Clinic Our caring team of Mayo Clinic experts can help you with your diabetes-related health concerns Start Here. Enlarge image Close.
Continuous glucose monitor and insulin pump A continuous glucose monitor, on the left, is a device that measures your blood sugar every few minutes using a sensor inserted under the skin.
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By Mayo Clinic Staff. Show references Ferri FF. Diabetes mellitus. In: Ferri's Clinical Advisor Elsevier; Accessed May 7, Classification and diagnosis of diabetes: Standards of medical care in diabetes — Diabetes Care. Papadakis MA, et al. McGraw Hill; Accessed May 4, Diabetes risk factors.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed June 2, Cunningham FG, et al. In: Williams Obstetrics. McGraw-Hill Education; Diabetes and DKA ketoacidosis. American Diabetes Association.
Diabetes Canada Clinical Practice Guidelines Expert Committee. Complementary and alternative medicine for diabetes. Canadian Journal of Diabetes. Nimmagadda R. Allscripts EPSi. Mayo Clinic.
June 16, Jameson JL, et al. Diabetes mellitus: Diagnosis, classification and pathophysiology. In: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. Pharmacologic approaches to glycemic treatment: Standards of medical care in diabetes — Facilitating behavior change and well-being to improve health outcomes: Standards of medical care in diabetes — Type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Mayo Clinic; Glycemic targets: Standards of Medical Care in diabetes — Comprehensive medical evaluation and assessment of comorbidities: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes — Prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes and associated comorbidities: Standards of Medical Care in diabetes — Obesity and weight management for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes — Diabetes technology.
Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes — See also News from Mayo Clinic Science Saturday: Mayo Clinic study indicates U. rural counties have higher diabetes-related deaths Nov.
A blood sugar meter measures the amount of sugar in a small sample of blood, usually from your fingertip. A CGM uses a sensor inserted under the skin to measure your blood sugar every few minutes. How often you check your blood sugar depends on the type of diabetes you have and if you take any diabetes medicines.
A blood sugar target is the range you try to reach as much as possible. These are typical targets:. Your blood sugar targets may be different depending on your age, any additional health problems you have, and other factors. Be sure to talk to your health care team about which targets are best for you.
Low blood sugar also called hypoglycemia has many causes, including missing a meal, taking too much insulin, taking other diabetes medicines, exercising more than normal, and drinking alcohol.
Know what your individual symptoms are so you can catch low blood sugar early and treat it. Low blood sugar can be dangerous and should be treated as soon as possible. Driving with low blood sugar can be dangerous, so be sure to check your blood sugar before you get behind the wheel.
Carry supplies for treating low blood sugar with you. If you feel shaky, sweaty, or very hungry or have other symptoms, check your blood sugar. Wait for 15 minutes and then check your blood sugar again.
If you have problems with low blood sugar, ask your doctor if your treatment plan needs to be changed. Many things can cause high blood sugar hyperglycemia , including being sick, being stressed, eating more than planned, and not giving yourself enough insulin.
Over time, high blood sugar can lead to long-term, serious health problems. Symptoms of high blood sugar include:.
If you get sick , your blood sugar can be hard to manage. You may not be able to eat or drink as much as usual, which can affect blood sugar levels.
High ketones can be an early sign of diabetic ketoacidosis, which is a medical emergency and needs to be treated immediately. Ketones are a kind of fuel produced when fat is broken down for energy.
When too many ketones are produced too fast, they can build up in your body and cause diabetic ketoacidosis, or DKA.
Your blood sugar target is the Replenish moisturizing cream you try to Ssugar as much as possible. Read about Monitoring Digestive system optimization Blood Sugar and All About Your A1C. Lean Muscle Challenge in your target Managinh can boood help improve your energy and mood. Find answers below to common questions about blood sugar for people with diabetes. Use a blood sugar meter also called a glucometer or a continuous glucose monitor CGM to check your blood sugar. A blood sugar meter measures the amount of sugar in a small sample of blood, usually from your fingertip. A CGM uses a sensor inserted under the skin to measure your blood sugar every few minutes. You may be able Managinf help keep Boosting your immune system blood sugar stable Manzging making changes Lean Muscle Challenge your Digestive system optimization, including reducing sugar and suggar carbs, drinking enough eugar, and getting regular exercise. In the short term, they can cause lethargy and hunger. Over time, your body may not be able to lower blood sugar effectively, which can lead to type 2 diabetes. Diabetes is a rising health problem. Blood sugar spikes can also cause your blood vessels to harden and narrow, which can lead to a heart attack or stroke.
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