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This article was published in a supplement supported by the Gatorade Sports Science Institute GSSI. The supplement was guest edited by Lawrence L. Spriet, who attended a meeting of the GSSI expert panel XP in March and received honoraria from the GSSI for his participation in the meeting.

He received no honoraria for guest editing the supplement. Spriet selected peer reviewers for each paper and managed the process. Clyde Williams, PhD also attended the GSSI XP meeting in March and received honoraria from the GSSI, a division of PepsiCo, Inc.

Ian Rollo is an employee of the Gatorade Sports Science Institute, a division of PepsiCo, Inc. The views expressed in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position or policy of PepsiCo Inc.

School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, England, LE11 3TU, UK. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Correspondence to Clyde Williams.

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4. Reprints and permissions. Williams, C. Carbohydrate Nutrition and Team Sport Performance. Sports Med 45 Suppl 1 , 13—22 Download citation. Published : 09 November Issue Date : November Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:.

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Advanced Search. Skip Nav Destination Close navigation menu Article navigation. Volume 57, Issue Suppl. Physiological Characteristics of Match Play in Team Sports. Achieving Ideal Physique for Team Sports. Fuel for Training Adaptation, Recovery and Match Preparation. Fuel and Fluid for Match Play.

Supplements and Sports Foods for Team Sports. Practical Nutrition Considerations for the Team Athlete. Disclosure Statement. Article Navigation. Review Articles February 22 Nutrition in Team Sports Subject Area: Endocrinology , Further Areas , Nutrition and Dietetics , Public Health. Iñigo Mujika ; Iñigo Mujika.

a USP Araba Sport Clinic, Vitoria-Gasteiz, and. b Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain;. This Site.

Google Scholar. Louise M. Burke Louise M. c Sports Nutrition, Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, A. Ann Nutr Metab 57 Suppl. Article history Published Online:. Cite Icon Cite. toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu.

toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest. Table 1 Factors related to nutrition that could produce fatigue or suboptimal performance in team sports.

View large. View Large. Table 2 Risk factors and strategies to manage unwanted gain of body fat among players in team sports adapted from Burke [24]. Table 3 Fuel requirements for training and match play adapted for team players adapted from Burke and Cox [ 39 ].

Table 4 Opportunities to drink during a match play in selected team sports adapted from Burke and Hawley [32]. Table 5 Sports foods and supplements that are of likely benefit to team sport players adapted from Burke [24]. The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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Reilly T: Football; in Reilly T, Secher N, Snell P, Williams C eds : Physiology of Sports. London, Spon, , pp — Tang JE, Moore DR, Kujbida GW, Tarnopolsky MA, Phillips SM: Ingestion of whey hydrolysate, casein, or soy protein isolate: effects on mixed muscle protein synthesis at rest and following resistance exercise in young men.

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Zehnder M, Muelli M, Buchli R, Kuehne G, Boutellier U: Further glycogen decrease during early recovery after eccentric exercise despite a high carbohydrate intake. Eur J Nutr ;— Burke L: Field-based team sports; in Burke L ed : Practical Sports Nutrition. Champaign, Human Kinetics Publishers, , pp — Burke LM: Fuelling strategies to optimise performance — Training high or training low?

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Effective nutrition and hydration strategies during workouts and games depend on how long each session lasts, the environmental conditions, and whether you are training or competing just once or multiple times on the same day.

It takes minutes of high-intensity activity to become almost completely depleted of your glycogen stores. If the activity is going to be less than minutes and you are well-nourished beforehand , focus on water.

This will help with replenishing glycogen, as well as any sodium losses. For individuals exercising for more than an hour or in the heat, a sports drink or other carbohydrate source may be appropriate to maintain performance.

When ingesting carbohydrate during exercise, you should consume no more than grams of carbohydrates per hour. Many sports drinks contain g per 8 oz of fluid and carbohydrate gels have anywhere from g per packet. Sports beans contain 25 g of carbohydrate per packet.

Ample water intake is extremely important for any athlete — recreational or competitive. Nutrition post-workout or game is also very important, because it promotes recovery by replenishing glycogen stores and helping repair muscle damage.

Recovery starts fairly close to when you finish your activity. Therefore, within about minutes, focus on protein and carbohydrate foods or drinks. Consume a ratio of or of protein to carbohydrate.

Consuming a combination of carbohydrate and protein is ideal for aiding in muscle recovery and repair, improving recovery time, providing energy and potentially decreasing soreness. A sweat loss of more than 2 percent of your pre-activity, normally hydrated body weight has been shown to negatively affect your athletic performance, and more so in a hot and humid environment.

Use the following strategies to avoid significant dehydration:. Posted In Basketball , Healthy Living , Nutrition , Sports Medicine. Written by SHN Staff. November 14, Pre-activity nutrition Pre-activity nutrition is divided into two main time frames, based on when practices and games are scheduled.

Pre-activity meal hours before grams of carbohydrates High in lean protein Low in fiber and fat fl.

milk, juice or sports drink Example: Grilled chicken, brown rice, corn, green beans, salad and vanilla pudding With less time, try something smaller, lower in fat and fiber, like instant oatmeal with fruit and milk, or an apple with nuts or peanut butter.

The amount you need depends on the type of activity, your body size and the duration of your activity. After training or playing sports, your body is ready to store energy again, repair muscles and re-hydrate.

This is why it is important to eat a carbohydrate-rich meal or snack after training or exercising intensely for more than an hour. Here are some examples of carbohydrate-rich meals and snacks:. Your portion size will depend on how intense or long your training session was, and your body weight.

If you plan on training or exercising twice in one day or on back-to-back days, try to eat this carbohydrate-rich meal or snack within 30 minutes of finishing your session. There are many dietitians that specialize in sports nutrition. They can work with you to set personalized targets for carbohydrate, fat and protein intake before, during and after training or playing your sport.

They will consider various factors such as, the intensity and duration of your exercise, your training goals, your culture and preferences and medical history when making recommendations. A dietitian will also give you advice on hydration and if supplements are needed.

Connect with a dietitian today! Eating a balanced amount of carbohydrate, fat and protein is important to exercise and play sports at your best. Planning your meals and snacks before, during and after training or exercising will help you perform at your best.

Connect with a dietitian for personalized advice. Sports nutrition: Facts on hydration Sports nutrition: Facts on sports drinks Sports nutrition: Facts on vitamins and minerals Sports nutrition: Facts on sports supplements This article was written and reviewed by dietitians from Dietitians of Canada.

The advice in this article is intended as general information and should not replace advice given by your dietitian or healthcare provider. Dietitians look beyond fads to deliver reliable, life-changing advice. Want to unlock the potential of food? Connect with a dietitian.

Home Articles Physical Activity Sports Nutrition: How Much Carbohydrate, Fat and Protein Do I Need? How much carbohydrate, fat and protein do I need? Follow these overall tips to make sure you are getting the carbohydrate, fat and protein you need: For most athletes, high fat diets are not recommended so that you can get more carbohydrate for fuel and protein for muscle growth and repair.

Eat regular meals and snacks throughout the day. Use small amounts of unsaturated fats like olive, canola or soybean oil. How much protein do I need?

What should I eat before playing a sport? Here are some examples: Peanut butter on toast and a glass of low fat milk or fortified plant-based beverage Fruit and yogurt smoothie and a cereal bar Oatmeal with almonds, low fat milk or fortified plant-based beverage and a banana Cheese and crackers plus grapes Small lean hamburger on a bun with lettuce and tomato, a side salad and low fat milk Turkey, vegetable and cheese sandwich and a fruit Tofu stir fry on rice Scrambled eggs in a wrap with a fruit salad Rice congee with a boiled egg and fruit Cottage cheese with carrots, whole grain crackers and a fruit Your portion size will depend on how intense or long your training session will be and your body weight.

What should I eat during sports? What should I eat after I play sports? Here are some examples of carbohydrate-rich meals and snacks: One banana plus a cup of low fat milk or fortified plant-based beverage A smoothie made with fruit and low fat yogurt Grilled salmon or chicken breast with rice and vegetables Pasta with meat or lentil sauce and a salad Tofu and vegetable stir fry on rice Tuna salad sandwich on whole grain bread with a fruit salad Your portion size will depend on how intense or long your training session was, and your body weight.

How can a dietitian help? Bottom line Eating a balanced amount of carbohydrate, fat and protein is important to exercise and play sports at your best. You may also be interested in: Sports nutrition: Facts on hydration Sports nutrition: Facts on sports drinks Sports nutrition: Facts on vitamins and minerals Sports nutrition: Facts on sports supplements This article was written and reviewed by dietitians from Dietitians of Canada.

The advice in this article is intended as general information and should not replace advice given by your dietitian or healthcare provider Last Update — February 6, water or sports drink Example: Banana and peanut butter, yogurt and small amounts of granola, cereal and milk, granola bar, etc.

Nutrition during training or competition Effective nutrition and hydration strategies during workouts and games depend on how long each session lasts, the environmental conditions, and whether you are training or competing just once or multiple times on the same day.

Nutrition during activity Drink oz. Recovery Nutrition post-workout or game is also very important, because it promotes recovery by replenishing glycogen stores and helping repair muscle damage.

Post-activity meal High in whole grain carbohydrates High in lean protein Good amount of fiber and fats fl. chocolate milk, smoothie, sports drink, water Example: in. Hydration A sweat loss of more than 2 percent of your pre-activity, normally hydrated body weight has been shown to negatively affect your athletic performance, and more so in a hot and humid environment.

Use the following strategies to avoid significant dehydration: If you are thirsty, you are probably already somewhat dehydrated. Minimize pre-activity body water deficits by drinking regularly throughout the day.

Check the color of your urine. A darker color, similar to apple juice, signifies you are dehydrated. A color closer to lemonade means you are properly hydrated. Determine your sweat rate by weighing yourself before and after a training session and competition on different days in different environments to get an average rate of sweat loss.

The difference in body weight divided by time will give you an estimate of sweating rate. After activity, for every one pound lost, drink ounces of fluids before the next bout, unless you only have a short recovery time. If you are a heavy sweater, incorporate salty snacks into your diet, as the salt encourages you to drink and helps to distribute and retain ingested water.

Bottom line Make sure you come to practice properly hydrated by consuming fluids regularly throughout the day. Focus on fueling appropriately for your sport. Timing matters. In order to meet your energy and nutrient needs, eat every three to four hours.

Include a variety of foods in your daily diet. Incorporate whole grains, lean meats, and fruits and vegetables in most meals. Make sure to try out new food and drink options in practices or workouts — not on game day.

This helps you determine what choices work best for you and what your body is able to tolerate, without undue risk to your game-day performance.

The right nutrition and hydration plan can be a game-changer. SHN Staff Sanford Health News is your site for health news from the experts at Sanford Health. SHN staff is a team of Midwest-Emmy-winning journalists bringing you trustworthy information on healthy living, health care, scientific research, health conditions and medical innovation.

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