Ongoing research in sports nutrition -
Injury and Recovery? Nutrition Strategies pic. Prone to stress fractures? Consider your sports nutrition. Weight bearing exercise is generally good for bone health, because bone responds to the stress of exercise by becoming stronger.
Female athletes who are underweight and amenorrheic often have decreased bone mineral density and are at increased risk for fractures reduced estrogen limits the amount of calcium absorbed and laid down in bone. Also, late menarche more common in female athletes has a negative impact on bone health and increases stress fracture risk.
Although a variety of factors contribute to fractures, recent research suggests that what an athlete eats before, during, and after exercise can influence bone turnover.
Making the right choices could potentially offset bone loss and prevent stress fractures. Carbohydrates during exercise might benefit bones. Researchers found that compared to placebo, runners who ingested carbohydrates during their run had reduced markers of bone resorption breakdown.
Journal of Applied Physiology, October Another strategy for bone health is a calcium-rich meal before exercise. A study in female cyclists found that eating a dairy-rich meal 90 minutes before riding can counter bone loss.
PLOS ONE, May Maudsley Family Based Treatment with Dr. Kimberly Sogge. SPECIAL ISSUE of International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism: International Olympic Committee Dietary Supplements — Expert Group Meeting Volume 28, Issue 2, March Copyright © www. All Rights Reserved. Premium WordPress Plugins.
Skip to content I enjoy keeping up-to-date with the latest nutrition, sports science, and disease-prevention research. For a general overview of nutrition for athletic performance that puts the latest research in context, check out this page.
If you are looking for good sports nutrition resources, check out this page. Carbohydrates Carbs, not fats, boost half-marathon race performance, study finds.
Study authors conclude that for best race performances, endurance athletes should use dietary strategies that maximize carbohydrate availability before and during competition.
Journal of Applied Physiology, Nov Higher carbohydrate intake reduces overtraining symptoms Asker Jeukendrup, mysportscience. com Carbohydrate drinks, gels and bars: Why two carbs are better than one Peak Performance UK Does Carb Loading Make a Difference?
A Step Towards Personalized Sports Nutrition: Carbohydrate Intake During Exercise. Jeukendrup, A; Sports Med 44 Suppl 1 :S25—S33 Exercising in the heat? Low-carbing for endurance: the oxygen problem Examine.
com Ketogenic diets for athletes Asker Jeukendrup, mysportscience. A low-carb diet can hurt your training without you even realizing it. Nice review of Australian study looking at glycogen Matt Fitzgerald Higher carbohydrate intake reduces overtraining symptoms Asker Jeukendrup, mysportscience.
com Carbs Are Not the Enemy: Oversimplification Is John Berardi, PhD Why carbohydrates are critical for top performance in athletes Iñigo San Millán, PhD Carbohydrate needs of athletes AIS Fact Sheet Are Ketogenic Diets Effective for Athletes?
Jill Parnell, No Baloney Athletes avoiding gluten or grains — is there good evidence? Sheila Kealey Carbohydrate supplementation during exercise : Does it help? How much is too much? Asker Jeukendrup, PhD, FACSM The truth about low-carb diets for athletes Outside Magazine Is there any evidence to support low carb diets for physical performance or weight loss?
Jill Parnell, PhD, No Baloney Carb controversy: why low-carb diets have got it all wrong Brian St Pierre, Precision Nutrition Athletes Staying Away From Carbs: Really? Nancy Clarke, RD Eating for Performance Foods That Might Boost Athletic Performance A Complete Guide to Proper Marathon Nutrition Asker Jeukendrup 4 Foods that might boost athletic performance.
Some research is suggesting that certain foods could have performance enhancing benefits; the foods include watermelon, beet juice , blackcurrants, and cherry juice. This week, Anita Bean provides a nice overview of the research on these foods.
uk Can food make you a better runner? This is an impressive display of information, with food sports nutrition advice. projects to break the 2-h marathon barrier, a reflection of the perceived value of this putative innovation.
Combining emerging technologies are ideal to better our understanding of performance and to objectively test the impact of nutritional strategies in laboratory or real performance environments Table 1. Such innovations will also allow other sports, beyond the mainly studied endurance sports cycling and running, to be evaluated in terms of sports nutrition impact.
The utilization of these technologies, and co-ordinated research, may allow for the rapid generation of large data sets across many other types of sport that have yet to be included in sports nutrition research.
As such, this approach will i speed our knowledge of sports that are difficult to study, ii gain data from regional populations under-represented in the literature, and iii inform the advice of how specific nutrition guidelines maybe transferred to the field.
Table 1. For example, apps, devices, and entire ecosystems are being developed and destined to improve the quality of dietary intake methods and therefore the accurately of athletes' daily energy intake EI Ferrara et al.
These technological developments may enable the energy availability EA of individual athletes i. Correspondingly, a more comprehensively study of the athlete in situ would be possible. Thus, this approach represents an unprecedented opportunity to mitigate many unresolved issues in the field of sports nutrition such as relative energy deficiency in sport RED-S Mountjoy et al.
Such concerns have prompted the International Federation of Sports Medicine FIMS to create a global standard for wearable devices in sport and fitness Ash et al. Organizations involved in sports nutrition also have the opportunity to engage in quality assurance processes to safeguard the credibility of the innovations in sports nutrition.
However, a key question is if there is an added value of personalized nutrition vs. general guidelines? Importantly, technology innovations will allow the individual response to a sports nutrition intervention to be determined.
For instance, to find the individual recommendation of carbohydrate and fluid during exercise, we need knowledge about the energy demands of the sport, sweat losses, gastrointestinal limits, personal taste preferences and every element of the event.
This needs to include research on different sport categories and target groups. This also presents the opportunity to follow athletes over a longer period of time, without associated human labor or time costs.
For instance, to establish the extent to which an individual responds to different nutritional interventions, we need to conduct repeated testing in the same individual on several occasions.
And the more complex the sport and its environment, the more test repetitions may be needed to establish the magnitude of impact of an intervention. It is also imperative that we determine athlete compliance with prescribed nutritional interventions.
Such data will allow the evaluation of education and behavior change strategies, which may also provide opportunity for personalization.
The research on personalized sports nutrition will undoubtedly be the focus in the near future due to the technological advances in genomics technologies such as genetic sequencing. For instance, is has been suggested that the impact of DNA sequencing will become on a par with that of the microscope Shendure et al.
Sports nutrition and sports science are encouraged to use these powerful technologies and to keep up with rapid developments to increase the chances of finding the best solutions possible. Such technologies are routinely used in biomedical research and precision medicine applications, such as for cancer, stroke and Alzheimer's disease, thus, vital lessons can be learned and transferred to sports nutrition.
At present, the use of genetic testing in both sports nutrition and sports science is at a very early stage. The consensus in the scientific literature being that genetic testing in sport science has very low clinical utility and should not be sold Guasch-Ferré et al.
This is in contrast to the ever-increasing number of companies selling genetic testing, supported by unfounded claims Webborn et al. The market value of genetic testing; USD The identification of relevant non-invasive biomarkers are attractive to athletes and practitioners, due to the speed and increased frequency of collection vs.
traditional blood draws or questionnaires. Given recent technological breakthroughs, there are exciting opportunities for sports nutrition research to take gigantic leaps in the near future. Until now, most sports nutrition and sports physiology studies are performed in controlled laboratory environments and often study the effect of single nutrients.
egg whites on post exercise muscle protein synthesis van Vliet et al. New study designs should focus on real life settings that are strictly monitored with use of new technological advances, apps, and systems.
As such, with a clear overview of nutritional demands of the sport and individual factors of impact, the extent of real-life effects of sports nutrition elements can be established.
Beyond the physiological impact of nutrients, there is also opportunity for sports nutrition research to study of cognitive and mental performance Habay et al. This shift will require sports nutrition researchers and nutritionists to adopt and further develop technological methods to allow the psychobiological determinants of performance to better defined.
New research paradigms and technologies could revolutionize sports nutrition research from small landmark studies of the s with mainly the authors as subjects taking muscle biopsies on themselves Bergström and Hultman, , to the use of big data and collaboration between large groups of researchers.
Examples of the latter are studies identifying genes implicated in hand grip strength involving over , subjects Willems et al. The field of sports nutrition has the opportunity to adopt such collaborative practices combined with the application of the new and established technologies see Table 1.
It is reasonable to suggest that this approach will inevitably become the mainstay of personalized medicine, where treating the individual will be the norm rather than the average. If sports nutrition can embrace these challenges, it will thrive as an essential discipline and its relevance recognized in other fields Oikawa et al.
While innovations are necessary and appealing, there needs to be a considered approach to implementation. Soon almost any parameter will be able to be measured or inferred, yet the use of such data especially during live performances remains to be explored. Caution is encouraged when moving from too little or no assessment to over monitored and scheduled, as a result of too much feedback and reliance on devices.
Tracking may also be potentially stressful Andersen et al. When evolving sports nutrition research with new technological advances, it is important to continuously question the application to practice as well as the reliability and reliance of devices. The integration of new technologies in elite populations will also require closer collaborations between research and practitioners, and then directly to the athlete and coach Bartlett and Drust, However, multidisciplinary sport science and medicine teams do not come without challenges and clear communication, roles and responsibilities are essential Dijkstra et al.
Finally, impactful implementation of these innovations and technological developments especially in elite athletic populations is going to require the continued and better integration of behavioral change psychology in sports nutrition.
A recent systematic review highlighted some of the most effective behavioral strategies used in sports nutrition Bentley et al. Innovation is at the core of sports nutrition research and has pushed the field forward even before sports nutrition was recognized as a separate discipline.
We are at a critical juncture in the evolution of this discipline primed to utilize new technologies to support the success of specific sports and individual athletes. Sharing data in new and more efficient ways, integrating field based physiological measures, and personalized prescriptions are key opportunities to advance sports nutrition.
However, technological advances should not be used in haste and must first be evaluated to determine their functionality and value to the athletes health and performance.
In summary, nutrition is but one of many complex and integrated sport performance determinants, and the impact of any new intervention should be assessed along a risk-reward continuum.
All authors listed have made a substantial, direct, and intellectual contribution to the work and approved it for publication. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position or policy of PepsiCo, Inc. IR and MK are employees of the Gatorade Sports Science Institute, a division of PepsiCo, Inc.
KJ, TS, and YP, received speaking honoraria, for the GSSI ECSS pre-conference symposium which inspired this article. YP is the founding member of the Sub2 project www. All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers.
Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher. Andersen, T.
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I enjoy Visceral fat and nutrient absorption up-to-date Onfoing the latest nutrition, sports im, and disease-prevention Strength-building foods. Remember, Balanced diet plan nutrltion study can make a dramatic headline, it often takes years of reesarch and different kinds of studies to show how something is affecting our health. Below are links to recent research or well-presented articles that caught my attention. Currently there is no good evidence to suggest that low-carb diets improve performance in athletes. Avoiding carbohydrates is more likely to decrease performance. Nutritional Support for Exercise-Induced Injuries. Nice review article summarizing the evidence to date about nutrition for sports injuries.
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