Vitamin C and exercise-induced oxidative stress -
Mason SA, Baptista R, Della Gatta PA et al High-dose vitamin C supplementation increases skeletal muscle vitamin C concentration and SVCT2 transporter expression but does not alter redox status in healthy males.
Cobley JN, McHardy H, Morton JP et al Influence of vitamin C and vitamin e on redox signaling: implications for exercise adaptations. Poulab E, Sajedinia H, Hafezi F et al The effect of a four-week acute vitamin C supplementation on the markers of oxidative stress and inflammation following eccentric exercise in active men.
Int J Basic Sci Appl Res — Gomez-Cabrera M-C, Domenech E, Romagnoli M et al Oral administration of vitamin C decreases muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and hampers training-induced adaptations in endurance performance.
Am J Clin Nutr — Nikolaidis MG, Kerksick CM, Lamprecht M, McAnulty SR Does vitamin C and e supplementation impair the favorable adaptations of regular exercise?
Paulsen G, Hamarsland H, Cumming KT et al Vitamin C and E supplementation alters protein signalling after a strength training session, but not muscle growth during 10 weeks of training. Bates CJ, Jones KS, Bluck LJC Stable isotope-labelled vitamin C as a probe for vitamin C absorption by human subjects.
Levine M, Padayatty SJ, Espey MG Vitamin C: a concentration-function approach yields pharmacology and therapeutic discoveries.
Adv Nutr — Davison G, Gleeson M The effects of acute vitamin C supplementation on cortisol, interleukin-6, and neutrophil responses to prolonged cycling exercise. Eur J Sport Sci — Bohlooli S, Rahmani-Nia F, Babaei P, Nakhostin-Roohi B Influence of vitamin C moderate dose supplementation on exercise-induced lipid peroxidation, muscle damage and inflammation.
Med Dello Sport — Righi NC, Schuch FB, De Nardi AT et al Effects of vitamin C on oxidative stress, inflammation, muscle soreness, and strength following acute exercise: meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials.
Eur J Nutr. Eur J Nutr —9. Margaritelis NV, Kyparos A, Paschalis V et al Reductive stress after exercise: the issue of redox individuality. Redox Biol — Gore M, Fiebig R, Hollander J et al Endurance training alters antioxidant enzyme gene expression in rat skeletal muscle.
Can J Physiol Pharmacol. Hollander J, Fiebig R, Gore M et al Superoxide dismutase gene expression in skeletal muscle: fiber-specific adaptation to endurance training.
Lambertucci RH, Levada-Pires AC, Rossoni LV et al Effects of aerobic exercise training on antioxidant enzyme activities and mRNA levels in soleus muscle from young and aged rats. Mech Ageing Dev. Lawler JM, Powers SK, Van Dijk H et al Metabolic and antioxidant enzyme activities in the diaphragm: effects of acute exercise.
Respir Physiol. Hollander J, Fiebig R, Gore M et al Superoxide dismutase gene expression is activated by a single bout of exercise in rat skeletal muscle. Hitomi Y, Watanabe S, Kizaki T et al Acute exercise increases expression of extracellular superoxide dismutase in skeletal muscle and the aorta.
Peake JM, Markworth JF, Nosaka K et al Modulating exercise-induced hormesis: does less equal more? Li L, Kang C, Zhang Y Exercise-induced hormesis and skeletal muscle health. Radak Z, Ishihara K, Tekus E et al Exercise, oxidants, and antioxidants change the shape of the bell-shaped hormesis curve.
Ito N, Ruegg UT, Kudo A et al Activation of calcium signaling through Trpv1 by nNOS and peroxynitrite as a key trigger of skeletal muscle hypertrophy.
Nat Med. Abruzzo PM, Esposito F, Marchionni C et al Moderate exercise training induces ros-related adaptations to skeletal muscles. Jager S, Handschin C, St J, Spiegelman BM AMP-activated protein kinase AMPK action in skeletal muscle via direct phosphorylation of PGC-1a.
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA — Article PubMed PubMed Central CAS Google Scholar. Lira VA, Benton CR, Yan Z, Bonen A PGC-1a regulation by exercise training and its influences on muscle function and insulin sensitivity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab E—E Jung S, Kim K Exercise-induced PGC-1α transcriptional factors in skeletal muscle.
Integr Med Res — Ji LL Exercise-induced modulation of antioxidant defense. New York Acad Sci — Leeuwenburgh C, Hollander J, Leichtweis S et al Adaptations of glutathione antioxidant system to endurance training are tissue and muscle fiber specific.
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol — Powers SK, Criswell D, Lawler J et al Influence of exercise and fiber type on antioxidant enzyme activity in rat skeletal muscle. Criswell D, Powers S, Dodd S et al High intensity training-induced changes in skeletal muscle antioxidant enzyme activity.
Powers SK, Criswell D, Lawler J et al Rigorous exercise training increases superoxide dismutase activity in ventricular myocardium. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol.
Hellsten Y, Svensson M, Sjödin B et al Allantoin formation and urate and glutathione exchange in human muscle during submaximal exercise. Inal M, Akyüz F, Turgut A, Getsfrid WM Effect of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism on free radical generation swimmers.
Med Sci Sports Exerc —7. Mastaloudis A, Leonard SW, Traber MG Oxidative stress in athletes during extreme endurance exercise. Miyazaki H, Oh-ishi S, Ookawara T et al Strenuous endurance training in humans reduces oxidative stress following exhausting exercise.
Eur J Appl Physiol —6. Vider J, Lehtmaa J, Kullisaar T et al Acute immune response in respect to exercise-induced oxidative stress. Pathophysiology — Chevion S, Moran DS, Heled Y et al Plasma antioxidant status and cell injury after severe physical exercise.
Aguiló A, Tauler P, Fuentespina E Antioxidant response to oxidative stress induced by exhaustive exercise. Physiol Behav —7. McAnulty SR, McAnulty L, Pascoe DD et al Hyperthermia increases exercise-induced oxidative stress.
Sureda A, Tauler P, Aguiló A et al Relation between oxidative stress markers and antioxidant endogenous defences during exhaustive exercise. Free Radic Res — Steinberg JG, Ba A, Brégeon F et al Cytokine and oxidative responses to maximal cycling exercise in sedentary subjects.
Goto C, Nishioka K, Umemura T et al Acute moderate-intensity exercise induces vasodilation through an increase in nitric oxide bioavailiability in humans. Am J Hypertens — Serrano E, Venegas C, Escames G et al Antioxidant defence and inflammatory response in professional road cyclists during a 4-day competition.
Berzosa C, Cebrián I, Fuentes-Broto L et al Acute exercise increases plasma total antioxidant status and antioxidant enzyme activities in untrained men.
J Biomed Biotechnol Kabasakalis A, Kyparos A, Tsalis G et al Blood oxidative stress markers after ultramarathon swimming.
J Strength Cond Res 25 3 — Turner JE, Hodges NJ, Bosch JA, Aldred S Prolonged depletion of antioxidant capacity after ultraendurance exercise. Nikolaidis MG, Kyparos A, Dipla K et al Exercise as a model to study redox homeostasis in blood: the effect of protocol and sampling point.
Quindry JC, Mcginnis G, Kliszczewiscz B Environmental temperature and exercise-induced blood oxidative stress. Kabasakalis A, Tsalis G, Zafrana E, Loupos D Effects of endurance and high-intensity swimming exercise on the redox status of adolescent male and female swimmers.
Sureda A, Mestre-Alfaro A, Banquells M et al Exercise in a hot environment influences plasma anti-inflammatory and antioxidant status in well-trained athletes. J Therm Biol — Wadley AJ, Chen Y-W, Lip GYH et al Low volume—high intensity interval exercise elicits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in humans.
J Sports Sci —9. Ryu JH, Paik IY, Woo JH et al Impact of different running distances on muscle and lymphocyte DNA damage in amateur marathon runners. J Phys Ther Sci — Roh H, Cho S, So W et al Effects of different fluid replacements on serum HSP70 and lymphocyte DNA damage in college athletes during exercise at high ambient temperatures.
Kim DE, Paik IY, Cho SY et al Effects of long-term aerobic exercise on the antioxidant system and lymphocyte DNA damage by triathlon distance. J Mens Health. Martin A, Millet G, Osredkar D et al Effect of pre-term birth on oxidative stress responses to normoxic and hypoxic exercise.
Alessio HM, Hagerman AE, Fulkerson BK et al Generation of reactive oxygen species after exhaustive aerobic and isometric exercise. Groussard C, Rannou-Bekono F, Machefer G et al Changes in blood lipid peroxidation markers and antioxidants after a single sprint anaerobic exercise. Groussard C, Machefer G, Rannou F et al Physical fitness and plasma non-enzymatic antioxidant status at rest and after a wingate test.
Can J Appl Physiol — Ramel A, Wagner K-H, Elmadfa I Plasma antioxidants and lipid oxidation after submaximal resistance exercise in men.
Eur J Nutr —6. Goldfarb AH, Bloomer RJ, Mckenzie MJ Combined antioxidant treatment effects on blood oxidative stress after eccentric exercise.
Bloomer RJB, Goldfarb AHG, Wideman LW et al Effects of acute aerobic and anaerobic exercise on blood markers of oxidative stress. J Strength Cond Res — PubMed Google Scholar.
Nikolaidis MG, Paschalis V, Giakas G et al Decreased blood oxidative stress after repeated muscle-damaging exercise. Deminice R, Trindade CS, Degiovanni GC et al Oxidative stress biomarkers response to high intensity interval trainig and relation to performance in competitive swimmers.
J Sport Med Phys Fit — El Abed K, Ammar A, Boukhris O et al Independent and combined effects of all-out sprint and low-intensity continuous exercise on plasma oxidative stress biomarkers in trained Judokas.
Ammar A, Trabelsi K, Boukhris O et al Effects of aerobic-, anaerobic- and combined-based exercises on plasma oxidative stress biomarkers in healthy untrained young adults. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Childs A, Jacobs C, Kaminski T et al Supplementation with vitamin C and N -acetyl-cysteine increases oxidative stress in humans after an acute muscle injury induced by eccentric exercise.
Thompson D, Williams C, Kingsley M et al Muscle soreness and damage parameters after prolonged intermittent shuttle-running following acute vitamin C supplementation. Dawson B, Henry GJ, Goodman C et al Effect of vitamin C and E supplementation on biochemical and ultrastructural indices of muscle damage after a 21 km run.
Nieman DC, Henson DA, McAnulty SR et al Influence of vitamin C supplementation on oxidative and immune changes after an ultramarathon. J Appl Physiol —7. Khassaf M, McArdle A, Esanu C et al Effect of vitamin C supplements on antioxidant defence and stress proteins in human lymphocytes and skeletal muscle.
Palmer FM, Nieman DC, Henson DA et al Influence of vitamin C supplementation on oxidative and salivary IgA changes following an ultramarathon.
Thompson D, Williams C, Garcia-Roves P et al Post-exercise vitamin C supplementation and recovery from demanding exercise. Tauler P, Aguiló A, Gimeno I et al Response of blood cell antioxidant enzyme defences to antioxidant diet supplementation and to intense exercise.
Eur J Nutr — Download references. Defence Fitness Academy, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Correspondence to Nursyuhada Mohd Sukri. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Reprints and permissions. Mohd Sukri, N. Does vitamin C minimise exercise-induced oxidative stress?. Sport Sci Health 17 , — Download citation.
Received : 05 August Accepted : 03 April Published : 17 April Issue Date : September Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:.
Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Abstract Oxidative stress occurs when there is an imbalance between the production of free radicals and the detoxification of these reactive products.
Access this article Log in via an institution. References Brach JS, Simonsick EM, Kritchevsky S et al The association between physical function and lifestyle activity and exercise in the health, aging and body composition study. x Article PubMed Google Scholar Nelson ME, Rejeski WJ, Blair SN et al Physical activity and public health in older adults: recommendation from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association.
Br J Sport Med — Article CAS Google Scholar Dröge W Free radicals in the physiological control of cell function. J Am Chem Soc — Article Google Scholar Aruoma OI Free radicals, oxidative stress and antioxidants in human health and disease.
J Am Oil Chem Soc 75 2 — Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Clarkson PM, Thompson HS Antioxidants: what role do they play in physical activity and health?
Am J Clin Nutr S-S Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Halliwell B Biochemistry of oxidative stress. Biochem Soc Trans — Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Phaniendra A, Jestadi DB, Periyasamy L Free radicals: properties, sources, targets, and their implication in various diseases.
Nutrients E Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar Pastor R, Tur JA Antioxidant supplementation and adaptive response to training: a systematic review.
Academic Press, London Google Scholar Kassahn KS, Crozier RH, Pörtner HO, Caley MJ Animal performance and stress: responses and tolerance limits at different levels of biological organisation.
x Article PubMed Google Scholar Sies H, Jones D Oxidative stress. Academic Press, London, pp 45—48 Chapter Google Scholar Birben E, Sahiner UM, Sackesen C et al Oxidative stress and antioxidant defense.
Free Radic Biol Med — Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar He F, Li J, Liu Z et al Redox mechanism of reactive oxygen species in exercise. M Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Wei L, Salahura G, Boncompagni S et al Mitochondrial superoxide flashes: metabolic biomarkers of skeletal muscle activity and disease.
Med Sci Sport Exerc — Google Scholar Bailey DM, Young IS, McEneny J et al Regulation of free radical outflow from an isolated muscle bed in exercising humans. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol H—H Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Powers SK, Jackson MJ Exercise-induced oxidative stress: cellular mechanisms and impact on muscle force production.
Sports Med — Article PubMed Google Scholar Di Meo S, Venditti P Mitochondria in exercise-induced oxidative stress. Biol Signals Recept — Article PubMed Google Scholar Nishino T, Okamoto K, Kawaguchi Y et al Mechanism of the conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase to xanthine oxidase: Identification of the two cysteine disulfide bonds and crystal structure of a non-convertible rat liver xanthine dehydrogenase mutant.
J Biol Chem — Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Rasmussen JT, Rasmussen MS, Petersen TE Cysteines involved in the interconversion between dehydrogenase and oxidase forms of bovine xanthine oxidoreductase.
J Dairy Sci — Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Hellsten Y, Ahlborg G, Jensen-Urstad M, Sjodin B Indication of in vivo xanthine oxidase activity in human skeletal muscle during exercise. Acta Physiol Scand — Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Sahlin K, Ekberg K, Cizinsky S Changes in plasma hypoxanthine and free radical markers during exercise in man.
Acta Physiol Scand — Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Hellsten-Westing Y, Balsom PD, Norman B, Sjödin B The effect of high-intensity training on purine metabolism in man. Acta Physiol Scand — Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Gomez-Cabrera MC et al Effect of xanthine oxidase-generated extracellular superoxide on skeletal muscle force generation.
Oxford University Press Book Google Scholar Ji LL, Leichtweis S Exercise and oxidative stress: sources of free radicals and their impact on antioxidant systems.
Age Omaha — Article CAS PubMed Central Google Scholar Bejma J, Ji LL Aging and acute exercise enhance free radical generation in rat skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol — Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Sakellariou GK, Vasilaki A, Palomero J et al Studies of mitochondrial and nonmitochondrial sources implicate nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase s in the increased skeletal muscle superoxide generation that occurs during contractile activity.
r Article Google Scholar Belcastro AN, Arthur GD, Albisser TA, Raj DA Heart, liver, and skeletal muscle myeloperoxidase activity during exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc — Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Peake JM, Neubauer O, Gatta PAD, Nosaka K Muscle damage and inflammation during recovery from exercise.
Sport Med — Article CAS Google Scholar Smith JA Neutrophils, host defense, and inflammation: a double-edged sword. J Leukoc Biol 56 6 — Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Quindry JC, Stone WL, King J, Broeder CE The effects of acute exercise on neutrophils and plasma oxidative stress.
Med Sci Sports Exerc — Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Suzuki K, Sato H, Kikuchi T et al Capacity of circulating neutrophils to produce reactive oxygen species after exhaustive exercise.
J Appl Physiol — Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Bury TB, Pirnay F Effect of prolonged exercise on neutrophil myeloperoxidase secretion. Int J Sports Med — Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Camus G, Pincemail J, Ledent M et al Plasma levels of polymorphonuclear elastase and myeloperoxidase after uphill walking and downhill running at similar energy cost.
Int J Sports Med — Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Wetzstein CJ, Shern-Brewer RA, Santanam N et al Does acute exercise affect the susceptibility of low density lipoprotein to oxidation? Free Radic Biol Med — Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Paravati S, Rosani A, Warrington SJ Physiology, catecholamines.
StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island Zouhal H, Jacob C, Delamarche P, Gratas-Delamarche A Catecholamines and the effects of exercise, training and gender. Tanaffos — PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Ghimire LV, Kohli U, Li C et al Catecholamine pathway gene variation is associated with norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations at rest and after exercise.
Pharmacogenet Genomics — Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Kruk J, Kotarska K, Aboul-Enein BH Physical exercise and catecholamines response: benefits and health risk: possible mechanisms. Free Radic Res 54 2—3 — Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Lippi G, Sanchis-Gomar F Epidemiological, biological and clinical update on exercise-induced hemolysis.
Biochem Soc Trans — Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Çimen MYB Free radical metabolism in human erythrocytes. J Biol Chem — Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Brzzeszczynska J, Pieniazek A, Gwozdzinski L et al Structural alterations of erythrocyte membrane components induced by exhaustive exercise.
Appl Physiol Nutr Metab — Article CAS Google Scholar Gwozdzinski K, Pieniazek A, Brzeszczynska J et al Alterations in red blood cells and plasma properties after acute single bout of exercise.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. Roberts LA, Beattie K, Close GL, Morton JP. Vitamin C consumption does not impair training-induced improvements in exercise performance. Int J Sports Physiol Perform.
Higashida K, Kim SH, Higuchi M, Holloszy JO, Han DH. Normal adaptations to exercise despite protection against oxidative stress. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab.
Ryan MJ, Dudash HJ, Docherty M, Geronilla KB, Baker BA, Haff GG, et al. Vitamin E and C supplementation reduces oxidative stress, improves antioxidant enzymes and positive muscle work in chronically loaded muscles of aged rats. Exp Gerontol. Nualart F, Mack L, Garcia A, Cisternas P, Bongarzone ER, Heitzer M, et al.
Vitamin C transporters, recycling and the bystander effect in the nervous system: SVCT2 versus gluts. J Stem Cell Res Ther. Dubowski KM. An o-toluidine method for body-fluid glucose determination. Clin Chem.
CAS PubMed Google Scholar. Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal Biochem. Benzie IF, Strain JJ.
Aebi H. Catalase in vitro. Methods Enzymol. Dacie JV, Lewis SM. Practical haematology. Churchill Livingstone; New York: distributed by Longman; Edinburgh. Centner C, Zdzieblik D, Dressler P, Fink B, Gollhofer A, Konig D.
Acute effects of blood flow restriction on exercise-induced free radical production in young and healthy subjects. Free Radic Res. Decroix L, Tonoli C, Soares DD, Descat A, Drittij-Reijnders MJ, Weseler AR, et al.
Acute cocoa Flavanols intake has minimal effects on exercise-induced oxidative stress and nitric oxide production in healthy cyclists: a randomized controlled trial.
Withee ED, Tippens KM, Dehen R, Tibbitts D, Hanes D, Zwickey H. Effects of Methylsulfonylmethane MSM on exercise-induced oxidative stress, muscle damage, and pain following a half-marathon: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
Peake JM. Vitamin C: effects of exercise and requirements with training. Zdrenghea D, Poanta L, Pop D, Zdrenghea V, Zdrenghea M. Physical training--beyond increasing exercise capacity.
Rom J Intern Med. Inoguchi T, Li P, Umeda F, Yu HY, Kakimoto M, Imamura M, et al. High glucose level and free fatty acid stimulate reactive oxygen species production through protein kinase C--dependent activation of NAD P H oxidase in cultured vascular cells.
Wang J, Alexanian A, Ying R, Kizhakekuttu TJ, Dharmashankar K, Vasquez-Vivar J, et al. Acute exposure to low glucose rapidly induces endothelial dysfunction and mitochondrial oxidative stress: role for AMP kinase.
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. Holmes ME, Mwanjewe J, Samson SE, Haist JV, Wilson JX, Dixon SJ, et al. Dehydroascorbic acid uptake by coronary artery smooth muscle: effect of intracellular acidification. Biochem J.
Daskalopoulos R, Korcok J, Tao L, Wilson JX. Accumulation of intracellular ascorbate from dehydroascorbic acid by astrocytes is decreased after oxidative stress and restored by propofol.
Himmelreich U, Drew KN, Serianni AS, Kuchel PW. Rumsey SC, Kwon O, Xu GW, Burant CF, Simpson I, Levine M. Glucose transporter isoforms GLUT1 and GLUT3 transport dehydroascorbic acid. J Biol Chem. Bai Y, Sigala W, Adams GR, Vaziri ND. Effect of exercise on cardiac tissue oxidative and inflammatory mediators in chronic kidney disease.
Am J Nephrol. Paik IY, Jeong MH, Jin HE, Kim YI, Suh AR, Cho SY, et al. Fluid replacement following dehydration reduces oxidative stress during recovery. Biochem Biophys Res Commun.
Giusti-Paiva A, Domingues VG. Centrally administered ascorbic acid induces antidiuresis, natriuresis and neurohypophyseal hormone release in rats. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. Callegari GA, Novaes JS, Neto GR, Dias I, Garrido ND, Dani C.
Creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase responses after different resistance and aerobic exercise protocols. J Hum Kinet. Steinberg JG, Ba A, Bregeon F, Delliaux S, Jammes Y.
Cytokine and oxidative responses to maximal cycling exercise in sedentary subjects. Med Sci Sports Exerc. Steinberg JG, Delliaux S, Jammes Y. Reliability of different blood indices to explore the oxidative stress in response to maximal cycling and static exercises.
Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. Vincent HK, Morgan JW, Vincent KR. Obesity exacerbates oxidative stress levels after acute exercise. Morillas-Ruiz J, Zafrilla P, Almar M, Cuevas MJ, Lopez FJ, Abellan P, et al. The effects of an antioxidant-supplemented beverage on exercise-induced oxidative stress: results from a placebo-controlled double-blind study in cyclists.
Eur J Appl Physiol. Goldfarb AH, Patrick SW, Bryer S, You T. Vasankari T, Kujala U, Heinonen O, Kapanen J, Ahotupa M. Measurement of serum lipid peroxidation during exercise using three different methods: diene conjugation, thiobarbituric acid reactive material and fluorescent chromolipids.
Clin Chim Acta. Gleeson M, Robertson JD, Maughan RJ. Influence of exercise on ascorbic acid status in man. Clin Sci Lond. Aird TP, Davies RW, Carson BP. Effects of fasted vs fed-state exercise on performance and post-exercise metabolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. Levine M, Conry-Cantilena C, Wang Y, Welch RW, Washko PW, Dhariwal KR, et al. Vitamin C pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers: evidence for a recommended dietary allowance. Download references. This work was supported by the National Research Council of Thailand NRCT and CMU Mid-Career Research Fellowship Program.
The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, interpretation of data and preparation of the manuscript. Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, , Thailand.
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, , USA. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. PB conceived and designed the study. MY, SK, CS, WN, PY and PB carried out all the experimental work and statistical analysis. MY, TG and PB participated in the manuscript design, interpretation and preparation of the manuscript.
All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Correspondence to Piyawan Bunpo. This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Research Committee from Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University.
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4. Reprints and permissions. Yimcharoen, M. et al.
Effects of ascorbic acid supplementation on oxidative stress markers in healthy women following a single bout of exercise. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 16 , 2 Download citation. Received : 03 May Accepted : 11 January Published : 21 January Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:.
Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Skip to main content. Search all BMC articles Search. Download PDF. Download ePub. Research article Open access Published: 21 January Effects of ascorbic acid supplementation on oxidative stress markers in healthy women following a single bout of exercise Manita Yimcharoen 1 , Suwatsin Kittikunnathum 1 , Chawannut Suknikorn 1 , Wichuda Nak-on 1 , Petcharee Yeethong 1 , Tracy G.
Abstract Background Ascorbic acid is a water-soluble chain breaking antioxidant. Methods In a crossover design with a 1 wk. Conclusion Supplementation with ascorbic acid prior exercise improves antioxidant power but does not prevent muscle damage.
Background Physical activity is an important factor in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases and regular physical exercise improves overall well-being as well as delays the ageing process [ 1 , 2 ].
Materials and methods Subjects and design The protocol was approved by the Ethics Research Committee from Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University. Full size image. Table 1 Characteristics of female subjects before exercise Full size table. Results Subject characteristics Mean body weights, BMI, maximum heart rate, percent of maximum heart rate, distance and caloric expenditure were not significantly different in AA versus placebo Table 1.
Exercise training also has been accompanied with higher activity of catalase Several dietary antioxidants have been identified which could contribute to protection against free radicals production and oxidative damage, induction of antioxidant signaling pathways, promotion of the endogenous antioxidant defense system, attenuation of oxidative stress and consequently, prevention of related disorders Currently, diets with high total antioxidant capacity and antioxidant-rich foods, are considered to be interesting approaches for prevention of several chronic diseases cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, many types of cancers, etc.
Several functions have been investigated for antioxidants to protect against ROS-mediated injuries by both endogenous and induction of exogenous antioxidants. These functions include conversion of ROS into less active molecules and induction of some important antioxidative enzymes 6.
By For the reasons discussed in previous sections, the use of antioxidants with the aim to attenuate exercise-induced oxidative stress and related consequences is one of the controversial topics regarding application of dietary antioxidants especially in supplement form. Although major investigations have indicated that antioxidants could attenuate biomarkers of exercise-induced oxidative stress and the use of antioxidant and vitamin supplement is a common phenomenon among athletes and physically active people, there are however some doubts in relation to the advantages and disadvantages of these 6 , 10 some investigations have reported beneficial effects but some others have indicated adverse outcomes following vitamin and antioxidant supplementation in athletes In the following, more important antioxidants commonly used as supplement during exercise training and the outcomes of these are discussed.
Glutathione is an endogenous Thiel group-containing antioxidant that reacts with ROS as a co-factor of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase. N-acetyl cysteine, a water-soluble precursor of glutathione, enhancing glutathione synthesis, is one of the antioxidant supplements used in exercise training In another study on rowers, N-acetyl cysteine supplementation 6 g for three days before completing 6 min of maximal exercise led to significant reduction of in vitro neutrophils ROS production below pre-exercise values A seven-day administration of N-acetyl cysteine could prevent the decrease of total antioxidant capacity as well as causing improvement of maximal oxygen uptake VO2 max and muscle fatigue Infusion of Nacetylcysteine before and during exercise showed that inhibition of ROS generation could interact with some signaling pathways involved in muscle adaptive response An interesting issue in relation to N-acetyl cysteine supplementation during exercise training is that previous studies focused mainly on its beneficial properties, whereas recent investigations involving cellular pathways, believe it may impair intrinsic muscle responses and recovery Vitamin E: Vitamin E is the primary chain-breaking antioxidant in cell membranes and other lipid-rich structures such as mitochondria, sarcoplasmic reticulum which limits lipid peroxidation Vitamin E has an important role in the conversion of superoxide, hydroxyl and lipid peroxyl radicals to less reactive forms Observations in animal models suggest that acute sub-maximal exercise reduces vitamin E concentrations in skeletal muscle and increases requirements for the vitamin Moreover this deficiency increases probable oxidative damage of lysosomal membranes and decline in endurance capacity Vitamin E supplementation in humans reduces oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and muscle soreness after exercise in some, but not all at of the all studies; for example, in one study, significant reduction of exercise-induced oxidative injury was reported by administration of mg α-tocopherol for 48 days In another study, compared to placebo supplementation, with mg α-tocopherol in competitive cyclists prevented the increase of serum malondialdehyde MDA and creatine kinase marker of membrane damage Subudhi et al.
reported that vitamin E supplementation following an intense bout of exercise could prevent urinary increase of malondialdehyde Aoi et al. found that vitamin E may reduce the infiltration of neutrophils into the muscle after exercise and significantly attenuate post-exercise increase of muscle myeloperoxidase Keong et al.
reported that although tocotrienol-rich palm vitamin E supplementation decreased lipid peroxidation at rest and during exercise training, it however did not enhance endurance running performance or prevent exercise-induced muscle damage In general, most well-controlled studies have not found an ergogenic effect of vitamin E supplementation either on performance during standard exercise tests or cardio respiratory fitness tests 40 , On the other hand, vitamin E supplementation could modulate redox-regulated adaptive responses to muscle contractions and consequently disturb optimal muscle function Vitamin C is a water soluble antioxidant that directly scavenges superoxide, hydroxyl and lipid hydro peroxide radicals, and plays an important role in recycling the vitamin E generated in membranes during oxidative stress Similar to other antioxidants, the effects of vitamin C supplementation during exercise training are controversial; it was investigated that vitamin C supplementation could reduce muscle damage and delayed-onset muscle soreness; however, a well-controlled study found no beneficial effects on either endurance or strength performance The beneficial effect of vitamin C during aerobic training may involve neutrophil monocyte accumulation in exercised muscle and secretion of cytokines including IL-1, IL-1β and TNF.
There is still controversy regarding the use of combined doses of vitamin C and vitamin E for a greater effect on stimulating IL-1β and TNF-α than doses each vitamin alone Some researchers showed that vitamin E and C decrease IL-6 response to exercise by preventing the release of IL-6 from contracting skeletal muscle In one study, six weeks of vitamin E and C supplementation prevented endurance exercise-induced lipid peroxidation but had no affect effect on inflammatory markers Colbert et al.
reported that inflammatory markers are lower in older adults with higher levels of exercise and in antioxidant users multivitamin, vitamin E or C, beta carotene regardless of exercise level Surprisingly, some researchers such as Teixeira et al.
have reported that antioxidant supplementation vitamin E and C, β-carotene, lutein, selenium and magnesium do not offer protection against exercise-mediated lipid peroxidation and inflammation and may delay muscle recovery On the other hand, Zimmermann et al.
who investigated the role of antioxidants on changes in skeletal muscle following endurance training, reported that antioxidant supplementation decreased the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as xanthine oxidase , with a variable effect of endurance training Considering current data, it seems that the more important beneficial outcomes of vitamin C supplementation in exercise training are attenuation of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction and asthma, as well as decrease in muscle damage 52 , However administration of non-physiological doses of vitamin C in healthy athletes is not recommended because of a possibility of its impairing favorable adaptation of regular exercise including redox homeostasis Polyphenols are natural phytochemical compounds including phenolic acids, flavonoids, stilbenes, lignans and polymeric lignans identified in whole plant foods.
Dietary polyphenols have potent antioxidant properties and could modulate some important cell signaling pathways NF-κB, mitogen-activated protein kinases MAPK , and nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 Nrf2 55 , The most known properties of polyphenols are scavenging of superoxide, hydroxyl and peroxyl radicals, and also inhibition of lipid peroxidation, metal iron-mediated radical formation and preventing radical mediated depletion of vitamin E and β-carotene Some protective effects against exercise-induced oxidative stress have been demonstrated by polyphenol supplements Chang et al.
reported that consuming a high-polyphenol diet purple sweet potato leaves for 7 days can modulate antioxidative status and decrease exercise-induced oxidative damage and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion In another study, combination of polyphenols catechins, chlorogenic acid, ellagic acid and quercetin enhanced the swimming performance of rats.
In this study polyphenols increased the concentration of ATP and glycogen in muscle and reduced MDA levels in the liver, muscle and blood; activities of lactic dehydrogenase and creatine phosphokinase were also decreased Oligomeric proanthcyanidins found in grapes, cocoa and apples could enhance performance of sportsmen by a protective action during physical exercise More interestingly, against other antioxidants that could impair mitochondrial redox pathways involved in exercise adaption, polyphenols induce mitochondrial adaptive redox pathways So polyphenols compared to other antioxidants may be considered as appropriate supplement for exercise training Despite in vitro and animal models indicating beneficial effects of polyphenols on exercise-induced oxidative stress, muscle damage and exercise performance, it seems more studies in humans are needed to confirm these results Carotenoids e.
β-carotenes lipid-soluble antioxidants located primarily in biological membranes, could can reduce lipid peroxidation; studies show that astaxanthin, a member of the carotenoid family, and a dark-red pigment found in the marine world of algae and aquatic animals such as salmon, red sea bream as well as in birds such as flamingo and quail, has potential health-promoting effects in the exercise-induced fatigue Ubiquinones are lipid-soluble quinon derivatives, which in reduced form act as antioxidants; ubiquinones react with ROS to prevent lipid peroxidation, and have an important role in the recycling of vitamin E Coenzyme Q10 is the predominant form of ubiquinones in humans, which is found in soybean oil, meats, fish, nuts, wheat germ and vegetables Current data regarding supplementation with ubiquinones during exercise training are inconsistent; a positive relationship between exercise capacity and concentration of coenzyme Q10 in physically active males was reported but some studies have failed to demonstrate the claimed ergogenic properties for ubiquinones, and some studies have even shown impaired performance following high-intensity and endurance tests after supplementation with coenzyme Q10 6.
Diaz-Castro et al. reported that CoQ supplementations before strenuous exercise decreased oxidative stress parameters including 8-hydroxy-2 dexyguanosine and isoprostanes levels and prevented overexpression of TNF-α after exercise In another study of young swimmers, 12 days of CoQ supplementation reduced MDA, nitric oxide and protein hydroperoxide, while increasing maximal treadmill time One study showed significant improved indexes of physical performance, while another did not report any improvement in aerobic capacity following Q10 supplementation 6.
α-Lipoic acid is an endogenous thiol and co-factor of α-dehydrogenase complexes that are reduced to dihydrolipoic acid DHLA; a potent antioxidant against all major oxy radical species following dietary supplementation; DHLA is an important agent in recycling vitamin C during oxidative stress and can be an effective glutathione substitute Supplementation with α-lipoic acid enhances muscle phosphocreatine levels and muscle total creatine concentrations and consequently has a potential enhancing effect on short-term exercise 6.
However its effects on isokinetic exercise performance are unknown. A recent study suggests that vitamin E and α-lipoic acid supplementation may in fact suppress skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis, regardless of training status Some studies have shown the benefits of lipoic acid or vitamin E supplementations in endurance trained horses Nitric oxide NO has been implicated in the improvement of exercise capacity through vascular smooth muscle relaxation in both coronary and skeletal muscle arteries as well as via independent mechanisms.
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase eNOS uses the amino acid L-arginine as a substrate to synthesize nitric oxide NO. On the other hand, antioxidants may prevent nitric oxide inactivation by oxygen free radicals 6.
Chen et al. investigated the effects of L-arginine and antioxidant supplements on exercise performance in elderly male cyclists and reported that this intervention has a potential role in improving exercise performance in the elderly Spirulina is a blue-green alga that seems to exert antioxidant properties, which are attributed to molecules such as phytocyanin, β-carotene, tocopherol, γ-linolenic acid and phenolic compounds; it has also shown a preventive effect against the skeletal damage under exercise induced oxidative stress Anthocyanins e.
chokeberry juice limit the exercise-induced oxidative damage to red blood cells, most probably by enhancing the endogenous antioxidant defense system Superoxide dismutase SOD , a key enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of superoxide anions to less reactive hydrogen peroxide, is found in some plants but has limited use due to the inactivation of the enzyme in the gastrointestinal tract.
Recently an original and modified vegetable formula made from SOD-rich melon extract has been developed as an oral route agent; this product has been investigated and seems to promote antioxidant status in professional rowers without effect on oxidative damage induced by exhaustive exercise The main minerals involved in antioxidant-related functions include copper Cu , zinc Zn , iron Fe , selenium Se and manganese Mn ; their antioxidant effects contribute to the action as co-factors for antioxidant enzymes 6.
Copper and zinc as co-factors for Cu Zn-superoxide dismutase which is responsible for eliminating superoxide radicals. Iron is an essential co-factor in the antioxidant enzyme catalase. Catalase removes hydrogen peroxide from cells 6. Increasing dietary or supplemental Fe can improve performance and may help prevent decreases in ferritin associated with exercise.
Moderate-level supplementation prevented a decrease in serum ferritin in competitive swimmers Selenium Se is a co-factor for the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase, which is responsible for removing hydrogen peroxide and other organic hydroperoxide from the cell; Results of the study of Akil et al.
indicate that acute swimming exercise in rats increased the lipid peroxidation in the brain tissue of rats, while selenium supplementation prevented the free radical formation by enhancing the antioxidant activity Manganese Mn is co-factor for manganese-superoxide dismutase, which has a role in eliminating of superoxide radicals produced by oxidative phosphorylation 6.
Trials on Magnesium Mg supplementation in athletes have shown different findings. Some studies have reported a considerable reduction in total serum creatin kinase, serum lactate concentration as well as improvement of cardio-respiratory function after Mg supplementation 6.
Current data suggest that Mg supplementation does not affect performance when serum Mg is within the range of normal values, but may improve performance when marginal or clinical Mg deficiency is present Polat et al.
showed that the combined effects of exercise and zinc supplement have a positive effect on the hematological parameters of athletes that may lead to better performance and increased endurance Although a balanced vegetarian diet high in antioxidant-rich foods has been proposed as a dietary recommendation to enhance endogenous antioxidative capacity and attenuate exercise-induced oxidative stress, studies on vegetarian athletes is lacking and there is no sufficient evidence to support this hypothesis Limited investigations have reported effects of antioxidant-rich foods on exercise-induced oxidative stress; consumption of a diet rich in Allium vegetables Allium sativum, Allium cepa, Allium fistulosum or Allium tuberosum before and after exercise training increased the ratio of reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione in rat models These findings indicate that athletes require higher intake of natural antioxidants especially antioxidant-rich foods It seems that the best recommendation regarding antioxidants and exercise is having a balanced diet rich in natural antioxidants and phytochemicals.
Regular consumption of various fresh fruits and vegetables, whole grains, legumes and beans, sprouts and seeds is an effective and safe way to meet all antioxidants requirements in physically active persons and the athletes. The increase in production of free radicals with intense physical exercise can exceed the capacity of the antioxidant defense systems in the body and induce oxidative conditions; currently however both positive and negative aspects of ROS generation in sport performance are considered.
Despite remarkable evidence of the positive effects of various vitamins and supplements in improvement of unfavorable imbalance between oxidative reactions and antioxidant equilibrium, controversial data are observed in literature; some investigators even believe that supplementation with antioxidants prevent health-promoting effects of physical exercise and may be harmful in humans or may delay muscle recovery; antioxidant supplementations may also block the positive effects of exercise on improved insulin sensitivity.
Overall, there is insufficient data supporting the effectiveness of antioxidant supplements to prevent the probably probable damages of strenuous exercise, particularly the improvement of physical exercise performance. Giustarini D, Dalle-Donne I, Tsikas D, Rossi R. Oxidative stress and human diseases: Origin, link, measurement, mechanisms, and biomarkers.
Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. Otani H. Oxidative stress as pathogenesis of cardiovascular risk associated with metabolic syndrome. Antioxid Redox Signal. Powers SK, Nelson WB, Hudson MB. Exercise-induced oxidative stress in humans: cause and consequences.
Free Radic Biol Med. Powers SK, Jackson MJ. Exercise-induced oxidative stress: cellular mechanisms and impact on muscle force production.
Physiol Rev. Kinnunen S, Atalay M, Hyyppa S, Lehmuskero A, Hanninen O, Oksala N. Effects of prolonged exercise on oxidative stress and antioxidant defense in endurance horse. J Sports Sci Med. Powers SK, DeRuisseau KC, Quindry J, Hamilton KL. Dietary antioxidants and exercise.
J Sports Sci. Powers SK, Talbert EE, Adhihetty PJ. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species as intracellular signals in skeletal muscle.
J Physiol. Jackson MJ. Free radicals generated by contracting muscle: by-products of metabolism or key regulators of muscle function? Goldstein BJ, Mahadev K, Wu X.
Exercise induces a multitude of physiological and pxidative changes in blood affecting stres redox status. Tissue ztress resulting Body composition and health exercise induces activation of inflammatory cells oxidatiive by the increased activity of myeloperoxidase MPO in circulation. Vitamin C readily scavenges free radicals and may thereby prevent oxidative damage of important biological macromolecules. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of vitamin C supplementation on oxidative stress and neutrophil inflammatory response induced by acute and regular exercise. Experiment was conducted on acute exercise group performing Bruce Treadmill Protocol BTP and regular training group.Vitamin C and exercise-induced oxidative stress -
J Exp Biol — Lushchak VI Free radicals, reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress and its classification. Chem Biol Interact — Boveris A, Oshino N, Chance B The cellular production of hydrogen peroxide. Biochem J — Sen CK Glutathione homeostasis in response to exercise training and nutritional supplements.
Mol Cell Biochem — St-Pierre J, Buckingham JA, Roebuck SJ, Brand MD Topology of superoxide production from different sites in the mitochondrial electron transport chain.
J Biol Chem — Wei L, Salahura G, Boncompagni S et al Mitochondrial superoxide flashes: metabolic biomarkers of skeletal muscle activity and disease. FASEB — Alessio HM Exercise-induced oxidative stress. Med Sci Sport Exerc — Bailey DM, Young IS, McEneny J et al Regulation of free radical outflow from an isolated muscle bed in exercising humans.
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol H—H Powers SK, Jackson MJ Exercise-induced oxidative stress: cellular mechanisms and impact on muscle force production. Physiol Rev. Vollaard NBJ, Shearman JP, Cooper CE Exercise-induced oxidative stress: myths, realities and physiological relevance.
Sports Med — Di Meo S, Venditti P Mitochondria in exercise-induced oxidative stress. Biol Signals Recept — Nishino T, Okamoto K, Kawaguchi Y et al Mechanism of the conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase to xanthine oxidase: Identification of the two cysteine disulfide bonds and crystal structure of a non-convertible rat liver xanthine dehydrogenase mutant.
Rasmussen JT, Rasmussen MS, Petersen TE Cysteines involved in the interconversion between dehydrogenase and oxidase forms of bovine xanthine oxidoreductase. J Dairy Sci — Hellsten Y, Ahlborg G, Jensen-Urstad M, Sjodin B Indication of in vivo xanthine oxidase activity in human skeletal muscle during exercise.
Acta Physiol Scand — Sahlin K, Ekberg K, Cizinsky S Changes in plasma hypoxanthine and free radical markers during exercise in man. Hellsten-Westing Y, Balsom PD, Norman B, Sjödin B The effect of high-intensity training on purine metabolism in man. Gomez-Cabrera MC et al Effect of xanthine oxidase-generated extracellular superoxide on skeletal muscle force generation.
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol —8. Wiecek M, Maciejczyk M, Szymura J et al Impact of single anaerobic exercise on delayed activation of endothelial xanthine oxidase in men and women.
Halliwell B, Gutteridge JM Free radicals in biology and medicine, 5th edn. Oxford University Press. Book Google Scholar. Ji LL, Leichtweis S Exercise and oxidative stress: sources of free radicals and their impact on antioxidant systems.
Age Omaha — Article CAS PubMed Central Google Scholar. Bejma J, Ji LL Aging and acute exercise enhance free radical generation in rat skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol — Sakellariou GK, Vasilaki A, Palomero J et al Studies of mitochondrial and nonmitochondrial sources implicate nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase s in the increased skeletal muscle superoxide generation that occurs during contractile activity.
Antioxid Redox Signal — Pearson T, Kabayo T, Ng R et al Skeletal muscle contractions induce acute changes in cytosolic superoxide, but slower responses in mitochondrial superoxide and cellular hydrogen peroxide. PLoS ONE 9:e Fielding RA, Manfredi TJ, Ding W et al Acute phase response in exercise III.
Neutrophil and IL-1β accumulation in skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. Belcastro AN, Arthur GD, Albisser TA, Raj DA Heart, liver, and skeletal muscle myeloperoxidase activity during exercise.
Suzuki K Exhaustive exercise-induced neutrophil-associated tissue damage and possibility of its prevention. J Nanomed Biother Discov — Suzuki K, Nakaji S, Yamada M et al Impact of a competitive marathon race on systemic cytokine and neutrophil responses.
Med Sci Sports Exerc — Peake JM, Neubauer O, Gatta PAD, Nosaka K Muscle damage and inflammation during recovery from exercise. Toumi H, Best TM The inflammatory response: friend or enemy for muscle injury?
Br J Sports Med — Pyne DB Regulation of neutrophil function during exercise. Smith JA Neutrophils, host defense, and inflammation: a double-edged sword. J Leukoc Biol 56 6 — Quindry JC, Stone WL, King J, Broeder CE The effects of acute exercise on neutrophils and plasma oxidative stress.
Suzuki K, Sato H, Kikuchi T et al Capacity of circulating neutrophils to produce reactive oxygen species after exhaustive exercise. Bury TB, Pirnay F Effect of prolonged exercise on neutrophil myeloperoxidase secretion. Int J Sports Med — Camus G, Pincemail J, Ledent M et al Plasma levels of polymorphonuclear elastase and myeloperoxidase after uphill walking and downhill running at similar energy cost.
Wetzstein CJ, Shern-Brewer RA, Santanam N et al Does acute exercise affect the susceptibility of low density lipoprotein to oxidation? Paravati S, Rosani A, Warrington SJ Physiology, catecholamines. In: StatPearls.
StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island. Zouhal H, Jacob C, Delamarche P, Gratas-Delamarche A Catecholamines and the effects of exercise, training and gender. Sellami M, Ben AA, Casazza GA et al Effect of age and combined sprint and strength training on plasma catecholamine responses to a Wingate-test.
Eur J Appl Physiol — Thacker JS, Middleton LE, McIlroy WE, Staines WR The influence of an acute bout of aerobic exercise on cortical contributions to motor preparation and execution.
Physiol Rep — Messan F, Tito A, Gouthon P et al Comparison of catecholamine values before and after exercise-induced bronchospasm in professional cyclists. Tanaffos — PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar.
Ghimire LV, Kohli U, Li C et al Catecholamine pathway gene variation is associated with norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations at rest and after exercise.
Pharmacogenet Genomics — Kruk J, Kotarska K, Aboul-Enein BH Physical exercise and catecholamines response: benefits and health risk: possible mechanisms. Free Radic Res 54 2—3 — Lippi G, Sanchis-Gomar F Epidemiological, biological and clinical update on exercise-induced hemolysis.
Ann Transl Med — Cooper CE, Vollaard NB, Choueiri T, Wilson MT Exercise, free radicals and oxidative stress. Çimen MYB Free radical metabolism in human erythrocytes.
Clin Chim Acta — Mohanty JG, Nagababu E, Rifkind JM Red blood cell oxidative stress impairs oxygen delivery and induces red blood cell aging. Front Physiol —6.
Nyakundi BB, Erdei J, Tóth A et al Formation and detection of highly oxidized hemoglobin forms in biological fluids during hemolytic conditions. Johnson RM, Goyette G, Ravindranath Y, Ho YS Hemoglobin autoxidation and regulation of endogenous H 2 O 2 levels in erythrocytes. Misra HP, Fridovich I The generation of superoxide radical during the autoxidation of hemoglobin.
Brzzeszczynska J, Pieniazek A, Gwozdzinski L et al Structural alterations of erythrocyte membrane components induced by exhaustive exercise. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab — Gwozdzinski K, Pieniazek A, Brzeszczynska J et al Alterations in red blood cells and plasma properties after acute single bout of exercise.
Sci World J. Steinbacher P, Eckl P Impact of oxidative stress on exercising skeletal muscle. Biomolecules — Radak Z, Hart N, Marton O, Koltai E Regular exercise results in systemic adaptation against oxidative stress.
Syst Biol Free Radic Antioxid. Valko M, Izakovic M, Mazur M et al Role of oxygen radicals in DNA damage and cancer incidence. Valko M, Rhodes CJ, Moncol J et al Free radicals, metals and antioxidants in oxidative stress-induced cancer. Reid MB, Shoji T, Moody MR, Entman ML Reactive oxygen in skeletal muscle.
Extracellular release of free radicals. Murrant CL, Reid MB Detection of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species in skeletal muscle. Microsc Res Tech — Ji LL Antioxidant signaling in skeletal muscle: a brief review.
Exp Gerontol — Morgan MJ, Liu Z Crosstalk of reactive oxygen species and NF-κB signaling. Cell Res — Yavari A, Javadi M, Mirmiran P, Bahadoran Z Exercise-induced oxidative stress and dietary antioxidants.
Asian J Sports Med —7. Gomez-Cabrera M-C, Domenech E, Viña J Moderate exercise is an antioxidant: upregulation of antioxidant genes by training.
Nikolaidis MG, Margaritelis NV, Paschalis V et al Common questions and tentative answers on how to assess oxidative stress after antioxidant supplementation and exercise.
In: Lamprecht M ed Antioxidants and redox signaling. CRC Press, pp 1— Margaritelis NV, Veskoukis AS, Paschalis V et al Blood reflects tissue oxidative stress: a systematic review. Biomarkers — Marrocco I, Altieri F, Peluso I Measurement and clinical significance of biomarkers of oxidative stress in humans.
Dalle-Donne I, Rossi R, Colombo R et al Biomarkers of oxidative damage in human disease. Clin Chem — Gulcin İ Antioxidants and antioxidant methods: an updated overview.
Arch Toxicol 94 3 — Di Meo S, Napolitano G, Venditti P Mediators of physical activity protection against ros-linked skeletal muscle damage. Int J Mol Sci — Powers SK, DeRuisseau KC, Quindry J, Hamilton KL Dietary antioxidants and exercise.
J Sports Sci — Noori S An overview of oxidative stress and antioxidant defensive system. Open Access Sci Rep —9. Reid MB Free radicals and muscle fatigue: of ROS, canaries, and the IOC. Shindoh C, DiMarco A, Thomas A et al Effect of N -acetylcysteine on diaphragm fatigue. Ferreira LF, Campbell KS, Reid MB Effectiveness of sulfur-containing antioxidants in delaying skeletal muscle fatigue.
Katz A, Hernández A, Caballero DMR et al Effects of N -acetylcysteine on isolated mouse skeletal muscle: contractile properties, temperature dependence, and metabolism. Pflugers Arch Eur J Physiol — Reid MB, Stokić DS, Koch SM et al N -acetylcysteine inhibits muscle fatigue in humans. J Clin Invest — Medved I, Brown MJ, Bjorksten AR et al N -acetylcysteine enhances muscle cysteine and glutathione availability and attenuates fatigue during prolonged exercise in endurance-trained individuals.
Slattery KM, Dascombe B, Wallace LK et al Effect of N -acetylcysteine on cycling performance after intensified training. Reardon TF, Allen DG Time to fatigue is increased in mouse muscle at 37 °C; the role of iron and reactive oxygen species.
Antioxid Redox Signal 15 9 — Debold EP Potential molecular mechanisms underlying muscle fatigue mediated by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Front Physiol —7. Close GL, Hamilton DL, Philp a, et al New strategies in sport nutrition to increase exercise performance.
Speakman JR, Selman C The free-radical damage theory: accumulating evidence against a simple link of oxidative stress to ageing and lifespan. BioEssays — Dekkers JC, van Doornen LJ, Kemper HC The role of antioxidant vitamins and enzymes in the prevention of exercise-induced muscle damage.
Vida K, Robinson N, Ives SJ Exercise performance and physiological responses: the potential role of redox imbalance. Ji LL, Gomez-Cabrera MC, Vina J Exercise and hormesis: activation of cellular antioxidant signaling pathway. Ann N Y Acad Sci — Pingitore A, Lima GPP, Mastorci F et al Exercise and oxidative stress: potential effects of antioxidant dietary strategies in sports.
Nutrition 31 7—8 — Gomez-Cabrera M-C, Viña J, Ji LL Interplay of oxidants and antioxidants during exercise: implications for muscle health. Phys Sportsmed — Theodorou A, Nikolaidis MG, Paschalis V et al No effect of antioxidant supplementation on muscle performance and blood redox status adaptations to eccentric training.
Am J Clin Nutr. Ferran M, Sanchis-Gomar F, Lavie CJ et al Do antioxidant vitamins prevent exercise-induced muscle damage? A systematic review. Antioxidants — Radak Z, Chung HY, Goto S Systemic adaptation to oxidative challenge induced by regular exercise.
Curr Top Nutraceutical Res — CAS Google Scholar. Evans WJ Vitamin E, vitamin C, and exercise. Pehlivan FE Vitamin C: an antioxidant agent.
Intech, pp 24— Finaud J, Lac G, Filaire E Oxidative stress: relationship with exercise and training. Traber MG, Stevens JF Vitamins C and E: beneficial effects from a mechanistic perspective. García-Closas R, Berenguer A, José Tormo M et al Dietary sources of vitamin C, vitamin E and specific carotenoids in Spain.
Br J Nutr — Lee SK, Kader AA Preharvest and postharvest factors influencing vitamin C content of horticultural crops. Postharvest Biol Technol — Padayatty SJ, Katz A, Wang Y et al Vitamin C as an antioxidant: evaluation of its role in disease prevention.
J Am Coll Nutr — Tauler P, Aguiló A, Gimeno I et al Influence of vitamin C diet supplementation on endogenous antioxidant defences during exhaustive exercise.
Pflugers Arch — Peake J Vitamin C: effects of exercise and requirements with training. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab — J Am Coll Cardiol. Ives SJ, Bloom S, Matias A, Morrow N, Martins N, Roh Y, et al. Effects of a combined protein and antioxidant supplement on recovery of muscle function and soreness following eccentric exercise.
J Int Soc Sports Nutr. MacRae HS, Mefferd KM. Dietary antioxidant supplementation combined with quercetin improves cycling time trial performance.
Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. Oh JK, Shin YO, Yoon JH, Kim SH, Shin HC, Hwang HJ. Effect of supplementation with Ecklonia cava polyphenol on endurance performance of college students.
Bunpo P, Anthony TG. Ascorbic acid supplementation does not alter oxidative stress markers in healthy volunteers engaged in a supervised exercise program.
Peake JM, Suzuki K, Coombes JS. The influence of antioxidant supplementation on markers of inflammation and the relationship to oxidative stress after exercise.
J Nutr Biochem. Gliemann L, Schmidt JF, Olesen J, Bienso RS, Peronard SL, Grandjean SU, et al. Resveratrol blunts the positive effects of exercise training on cardiovascular health in aged men.
J Physiol. Scribbans TD, Ma JK, Edgett BA, Vorobej KA, Mitchell AS, Zelt JG, et al. Resveratrol supplementation does not augment performance adaptations or fibre-type-specific responses to high-intensity interval training in humans. Gomez-Cabrera MC, Domenech E, Romagnoli M, Arduini A, Borras C, Pallardo FV, et al.
Oral administration of vitamin C decreases muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and hampers training-induced adaptations in endurance performance. Am J Clin Nutr. Ristow M, Zarse K, Oberbach A, Kloting N, Birringer M, Kiehntopf M, et al.
Antioxidants prevent health-promoting effects of physical exercise in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. Roberts LA, Beattie K, Close GL, Morton JP.
Vitamin C consumption does not impair training-induced improvements in exercise performance. Int J Sports Physiol Perform.
Higashida K, Kim SH, Higuchi M, Holloszy JO, Han DH. Normal adaptations to exercise despite protection against oxidative stress. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. Ryan MJ, Dudash HJ, Docherty M, Geronilla KB, Baker BA, Haff GG, et al.
Vitamin E and C supplementation reduces oxidative stress, improves antioxidant enzymes and positive muscle work in chronically loaded muscles of aged rats. Exp Gerontol. Nualart F, Mack L, Garcia A, Cisternas P, Bongarzone ER, Heitzer M, et al. Vitamin C transporters, recycling and the bystander effect in the nervous system: SVCT2 versus gluts.
J Stem Cell Res Ther. Dubowski KM. An o-toluidine method for body-fluid glucose determination. Clin Chem. CAS PubMed Google Scholar. Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction.
Anal Biochem. Benzie IF, Strain JJ. Aebi H. Catalase in vitro. Methods Enzymol. Dacie JV, Lewis SM. Practical haematology. Churchill Livingstone; New York: distributed by Longman; Edinburgh.
Centner C, Zdzieblik D, Dressler P, Fink B, Gollhofer A, Konig D. Acute effects of blood flow restriction on exercise-induced free radical production in young and healthy subjects. Free Radic Res. Decroix L, Tonoli C, Soares DD, Descat A, Drittij-Reijnders MJ, Weseler AR, et al. Acute cocoa Flavanols intake has minimal effects on exercise-induced oxidative stress and nitric oxide production in healthy cyclists: a randomized controlled trial.
Withee ED, Tippens KM, Dehen R, Tibbitts D, Hanes D, Zwickey H. Effects of Methylsulfonylmethane MSM on exercise-induced oxidative stress, muscle damage, and pain following a half-marathon: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Peake JM. Vitamin C: effects of exercise and requirements with training.
Zdrenghea D, Poanta L, Pop D, Zdrenghea V, Zdrenghea M. Physical training--beyond increasing exercise capacity. Rom J Intern Med.
Inoguchi T, Li P, Umeda F, Yu HY, Kakimoto M, Imamura M, et al. High glucose level and free fatty acid stimulate reactive oxygen species production through protein kinase C--dependent activation of NAD P H oxidase in cultured vascular cells.
Wang J, Alexanian A, Ying R, Kizhakekuttu TJ, Dharmashankar K, Vasquez-Vivar J, et al. Acute exposure to low glucose rapidly induces endothelial dysfunction and mitochondrial oxidative stress: role for AMP kinase. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. Holmes ME, Mwanjewe J, Samson SE, Haist JV, Wilson JX, Dixon SJ, et al.
Dehydroascorbic acid uptake by coronary artery smooth muscle: effect of intracellular acidification. Biochem J. Daskalopoulos R, Korcok J, Tao L, Wilson JX. Accumulation of intracellular ascorbate from dehydroascorbic acid by astrocytes is decreased after oxidative stress and restored by propofol.
Himmelreich U, Drew KN, Serianni AS, Kuchel PW. Rumsey SC, Kwon O, Xu GW, Burant CF, Simpson I, Levine M. Glucose transporter isoforms GLUT1 and GLUT3 transport dehydroascorbic acid.
J Biol Chem. Bai Y, Sigala W, Adams GR, Vaziri ND. Effect of exercise on cardiac tissue oxidative and inflammatory mediators in chronic kidney disease. Am J Nephrol. Paik IY, Jeong MH, Jin HE, Kim YI, Suh AR, Cho SY, et al. Fluid replacement following dehydration reduces oxidative stress during recovery.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. Giusti-Paiva A, Domingues VG. Centrally administered ascorbic acid induces antidiuresis, natriuresis and neurohypophyseal hormone release in rats. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. Callegari GA, Novaes JS, Neto GR, Dias I, Garrido ND, Dani C.
Creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase responses after different resistance and aerobic exercise protocols. J Hum Kinet. Steinberg JG, Ba A, Bregeon F, Delliaux S, Jammes Y. Cytokine and oxidative responses to maximal cycling exercise in sedentary subjects.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. Steinberg JG, Delliaux S, Jammes Y. Reliability of different blood indices to explore the oxidative stress in response to maximal cycling and static exercises.
Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. Vincent HK, Morgan JW, Vincent KR. Obesity exacerbates oxidative stress levels after acute exercise. Morillas-Ruiz J, Zafrilla P, Almar M, Cuevas MJ, Lopez FJ, Abellan P, et al.
The effects of an antioxidant-supplemented beverage on exercise-induced oxidative stress: results from a placebo-controlled double-blind study in cyclists. Eur J Appl Physiol. Goldfarb AH, Patrick SW, Bryer S, You T. Vasankari T, Kujala U, Heinonen O, Kapanen J, Ahotupa M. Measurement of serum lipid peroxidation during exercise using three different methods: diene conjugation, thiobarbituric acid reactive material and fluorescent chromolipids.
Clin Chim Acta. Gleeson M, Robertson JD, Maughan RJ. Influence of exercise on ascorbic acid status in man. Clin Sci Lond. Aird TP, Davies RW, Carson BP. Effects of fasted vs fed-state exercise on performance and post-exercise metabolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. Levine M, Conry-Cantilena C, Wang Y, Welch RW, Washko PW, Dhariwal KR, et al. Vitamin C pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers: evidence for a recommended dietary allowance. Download references. This work was supported by the National Research Council of Thailand NRCT and CMU Mid-Career Research Fellowship Program.
The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, interpretation of data and preparation of the manuscript.
Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, , Thailand.
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, , USA. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. PB conceived and designed the study. MY, SK, CS, WN, PY and PB carried out all the experimental work and statistical analysis.
MY, TG and PB participated in the manuscript design, interpretation and preparation of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Correspondence to Piyawan Bunpo. This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Research Committee from Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University.
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.
Reprints and permissions. Pre-VCS WS-PMF measures averaged Figure 1. The study design was a pre-post intervention day VCS period exercise-bouts 1 and 2 represent the RE bouts performed pre- and post-VCS. A, B, C, and D represent the time points salivary samples were taken, before and after each RE bout.
Figure 2. Peak muscular pushing force from the maximal-effort set before and after the VCS period. Figure 3. Peak muscular pushing force averaged from the three working sets, before and after the VCS period. Pre-VCS and post-VCS baseline measures averaged 0.
Pre-VCS measures averaged 0. No significant differences in PMF measures were calculated amongst the participants in relation to dietary vitamin C intakes.
This study reports that VCS of mg every 12 hrs for 28 days can reduce oxidative stress and increase muscular force in persons whom were naive to RE and VCS.
VCS can also substantially increase systemic vitamin C as observed via VC. The elevation of MDA after each RE bout suggests that oxidative stress was induced. MDA measures taken post-VCS decreased; this was observed before and after the respective RE bout, as well as overall, suggesting EIOS reduction.
The increased MS-PMF and WS-PMF post-VCS suggests reducing oxidative stress can affect muscular force positively in the involved population. The Biodex with the CKC attachment at 60˚ and ˚ speeds was utilized in this.
Figure 4. Free salivary malondialdehyde measures from the four separate saliva collections. Figure 5. Salivary vitamin C pre- and post-vitamin C supplementation for 28 days. study; methods and speeds have previously been researched in test-retest environments pre-post studies without intervention with no significant changes in PMF [30] [31].
The increases in PMF suggest the VCS intervention as the major contributing factor. In these respective studies, results of RE-induced muscle soreness differed as one was not reduced while the other was. Vitamin C has been shown to denitrosylate the sarcoplasmic reticulum RyR1 proteins that are S-nitrosylated [37] ; it has also been shown to attenuate S-nitrosylation [38].
RyR1 proteins are more so affected by hydrogen peroxide, a compound that does not necessarily react physiologically with vitamin C [39]. It could be possible; however, that vitamin C indirectly reacts with hydrogen peroxide products to which could affect such redox sensitive pathways.
This study did not have a control group, which should be included in future studies. A study with a group supplementing 3 g of vitamin C for 14 days observed no difference in muscle function compared to a control group [17] ; 70 eccentric contractions were performed as the exercise to induce oxidative stress.
This study and the current study used untrained persons. It is possible that the exercise performed previously was more damaging as this study had subjects perform a total of 30 concentric contractions; eccentric contractions might be more damaging.
RE experience should also be controlled. Furthermore, the muscle contraction pathway sarcoplasmic reticulum and RyR1 should be further examined with VCS. In conclusion, this study reports that mg of VCS every 12 hrs for 28 days reduced EIOS in conjunction with increased muscular force in persons naïve to RE and VCS.
No other RE bouts were performed during the VCS intervention. The salivary biomarkers, MDA and VC, were influenced in a way that has previously been witnessed in plasma, the biospecimen more often used in research.
VCS increased VC and reduced MDA. VCS was set at a dose known to limit excretion and was supplemented in persons thought to experience more detrimental effects in regards to EIOS.
Results suggest VCS could be potentially useful in RE for individuals beginning to weight train and take vitamin C supplements. Levi W. Evans and Stanley T. Omaye contributed equally to the research conducted and to the writing of this manuscript. Fan Zhang helped perform the HPLC experiments.
and Arner, E. and Jordao, A. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 31, and Apperson, K. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 34, and Cutler, R. American Journal of Physiology, , CC and Packer, L.
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, , Journal of Applied Physiology, 90, and Allen, D. Journal of Physiology, , and Getteridge, J. and Eckl, P. Biomolecules, 5, and Frei, B. In: Packer, L.
and Sauberlich, H. Methods of Enzymology, 62, and Levine, M. Annals of Internal Medicine, , and Barnett, M. The Journal of Nutrition, , SS. and Schanzer, W. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 19, Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift, 63, and Haffler, C.
Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift, 89, and Goldfarb, A. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 16, and Powell, J. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 11, and Mazraeno, E. International Journal of Pediatrics, 2, and Via, J.
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 87, and Morton, J. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 6, and MacLaren, D. British Journal of Nutrition, 95, and Katch, V.
Either Vitamin C and exercise-induced oxidative stress exerciise-induced browser doesn't Vitamin C and exercise-induced oxidative stress Javascript or it is streess turned Vitain. In the latter case, please turn on Javascript support in your web browser exeercise-induced reload this page. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness01 Dec38 4 : PMID: Phys Act Nutr27 330 Sep Cited by: 0 articles PMID: PMCID: PMC Review Articles in the Open Access Subset are available under a Creative Commons license. This means they are free to read, and that reuse is permitted under certain circumstances. 
Meiner Meinung nach wurde es schon besprochen.