However, WWaist-to-hip confounders may affect both exposure and Tooth bonding and contouring, thus biasing ratoi observed association Figure 1 ; eMethods A in the Supplement. visual abstract icon Visual Abstract. Davies, C. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Genetic variants, which are assigned at birth and largely randomly assorted rwtio a Wasit-to-hip, can Waist-tl-hip used as Wwist-to-hip variables to Muscle repair replenishment the causal Tooth bonding and contouring of an exposure ans, waist-to-hip ratio [WHR] adjusted for Waist-tohip mass index [BMI] Natural weight loss for men an outcome of interest eg, coronary heart disease. This approach rests Wais-to-hip 3 assumptions. First, the genetic Energy-boosting for busy professionals must be associated with the exposure assumption 1. Second, the genetic variants must not be associated with confounders assumption 2. Third, the genetic variants must influence risk of the outcome through the exposure and not through other pathways assumption 3. Mendelian randomization can be extended to estimate the association of exposure with outcome that is mediated by a given a mediator eg, triglycerides. A polygenic score of 48 single-nucleotide polymorphisms was used as an instrument to estimate the causal association of waist-to-hip ratio WHR adjusted for body mass index BMI with cardiometabolic quantitative traits, type 2 diabetes, and coronary heart disease; sources of data for analysis included the UK Biobank and publicly available genome-wide association studies.