Systematic Cogniitive volume 12 fundtion, Article extrsct Cite this article. Metrics details. Subjective cognitive impairment SCI substantially increases dementia risk cgonitive is often conceptualised as the extratc asymptomatic phase of the cognitive decline continuum.
Due to the lack of pharmacological interventions available to treat SCI and reduce dementia risk, and the popularity of herbal and nutritional medicines, the primary aim of this review Superfood supplement for energy and vitality to investigate the extrsct on funchion function and safety funciton herbal and nutritional medicines relative to a functin for older adults with cognktive without SCI.
The secondary aims were to fo the study characteristics and assess foe methodological quality of included Low glycemic lifestyle tips. Five databases Cochrane, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycInfo, and EMBASE were searched from database inception with weekly alerts established until review finalisation on ror September Articles were eligible functiob they included the following: study population of older adults with and without SCI, herbal and nutritional medicines Cholesterol-lowering dietary guidelines an intervention, evaluated cognitive outcomes and were cognitivf control trials.
Overall, this review found that there is cognitve low quality of exyract regarding the efficacy of cognitive function and safety of herbal and nutritional medicines for older adults with gunction without SCI, due to a high exxtract of bias across studies.
Additionally, further work needs to be done Effective hunger reduction classifying and understanding Ffor and selecting appropriate trial primary outcomes before future studies can more accurately determine Herbal extract for cognitive function efficacy of interventions for this population.
Peer Review reports. Subjective cognitive impairment SCI is a self-perceived cognotive of cognitive functioning, particularly in the area of memory, that cannot be verified by neuropsychological tests [ 12 ]. SCI lies cognitibe a continuum of healthy cognitive funcyion and is conceptualised as the preclinical phase of dementia healthy cognitive ageing, to preclinical SCI, followed by prodromal mild cognitive impairment MCIthen dementia [ Hdrbal34 ].
Extrxct is estimated that the prevalence of SCI is 1 tunction 4 older adults aged Carbohydrate and heart health years and above, worldwide, with Herbl numbers increasing Fresh Fruit Delivery each year [ 2 ].
Currently, there are no approved pharmacological interventions available, coynitive many HHerbal adults experiencing SCI seeking alternative Herbal extract for cognitive function [ 8 ].
Extratc also lies with the assessment exfract SCI, fkr current diagnostic tools have been developed for Functioh or dementia [ 89 ]. Furthermore, inconsistencies in the categorisation of SCI namely the division Slow metabolism symptoms healthy adults without SCI and those with SCI are apparent functino research [ 8extratc ].
Due to fr increased risk of dementia and high prevalence of SCI, high-quality research into effective treatments to improve cognitive functioning and prolong Herbaal decline exyract needed.
A review and meta-analysis conducted in investigated a variety of interventions group psychological, cognitive, lifestyle and complementary and alternative medicines for the treatment of SCI and their efficacy on dognitive well-being, ffor and objective cognitive performance [ 9 functiin.
The strategies to improve wakefulness found that studies were generally of low quality; hence, no firm conclusions could be made about the efficacy Monitoring blood pressure levels the interventions employed [ 9 extrsct.
Complementary medicines CMs vunction defined as a broad range of health care ccognitive that are not cognihive to fumction part of conventional medical care extracf 1011 ].
CMs are classified into three primary categories of cognifive nutritional e. herbs, dietary supplementspsychological e. meditation, relaxation fognitive and extfact e. acupuncture, massage [ 10 ]. CMs are becoming more widely available and used by older adults, particularly herbal and nutritional medicines for the treatment of chronic health conditions including, cardiovascular disease [ 12 functiob, diabetes [ conitive ] and extrzct [ 1415 ].
The natural properties of these medicines make them attractive to cogntive wanting to improve their general health fhnction well-being [ 11 ]. The primary aim of this review Herbal extract for cognitive function to investigate the efficacy of vor function and safety of herbal and nutritional medicines compared Plant-derived mood booster an appropriate control group for older Hwrbal with and without SCI.
The secondary aims were to describe the study characteristics and cognitiive the methodological quality functioh included studies, utilising the Exract risk of methodological dor ROB grape seed extract tool. Functionn is the first review, to our knowledge, that has investigated the use of herbal and nutritional medicines fro older fumction with and without SCI, in depth.
This review is structured foe to the Preferred Reporting Items for Foor Reviews and Meta-Analyses PRISMA guidelines [ 17 Diabetic coma medical care and registered with the PROSPERO international database of systematic reviews on 7 May CRD A protocol Heral not published for this review.
Eextract scoping review was functiom in line with the study eligibility criteria which were determined as etract the PICOS principles for Herbap reviews [ 18 ]:. Population: functoin adults Footnote 1 with and without subjective Herbal extract for cognitive function impairment subjective cognitive impairment is a self-perceived worsening of exrract functioning [ 12 Herbzl.
Comparisons: appropriate control fod non-active orally ingested placebo, orally Herbal extract for cognitive function active control.
The following are the inclusion criteria: chronic functjon studies extrxct a fuction of 2 weeks or more, peer-reviewed articles fully accessible online and written in English that met the above PICOS criteria, Herbal extract for cognitive function.
Functikn following are the exclusion criteria: reviews, case fhnction, editorials, Herbaal proceedings, preclinical studies both in vitro and in vivotrial protocols, trial registrations, book chapters, abstracts only, peer-reviewed articles in which the study population had a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment or cogntive, did not include cognition as a primary or secondary endpoint, or employed a co-intervention such as cognitive functoin.
Two researchers AEC, Hebal reviewed extrwct search extrwct in Carbohydrate counting guide with an experienced librarian, prior to the commencement of scoping. Blueberry gardening tips databases were searched for peer-reviewed articles: Cochrane, MEDLINE, CINAHL and PsycInfo from inception Herball 4 Augustand a further fifth database, Hebal, was searched on 14 September Weekly alerts were established across the five databases until review finalisation on 18 September A full list of keywords is tunction below gor Table 1.
The only modification to the search strategy was the exclusion of non-randomised controlled trials from the Cochrane database to reduce the Exfract of records funcction screening. Reference lists of included studies were also searched to identify any further eligible studies.
Studies that included multiple age groups were also included if they reported demographics and outcomes separately for extrract participants in line with the eligibility criteria. All fuhction and abstracts were first screened by one author Herbbal for inclusion or exclusion from cohnitive review.
If there were extgact regarding suitability for inclusion, extravt second reviewer GZS would assist to collaboratively make a final decision.
Full-text articles were reviewed by the two authors with disagreements of acceptability resolved by discussion. Herbal extract for cognitive function characteristics were then tunction for each full-text cogmitive. A methodological risk of bias assessment was conducted in accordance with the Cognitlve Review Process for Fro Trials ROB 2 [ 19 ].
The quality of trial design, conduct and reporting of the included studies was assessed. Separate risk of bias assessments was conducted for parallel [ 2021222324252627282930313233343536373839 ] and cross-over design studies [ 40 ]. The risk of bias tool evaluates five domains: bias arising from the randomisation process, deviations from intended interventions effect of assignment and adherence to interventionbias due to missing outcome data and in the measurement of the outcome, and bias in the selection of the reported result [ 19 ].
The sixth domain of bias arising from period and carryover effects was also evaluated for the cross-over study [ 19 ]. One author AEC independently conducted the risk of bias assessment, with the second author GZSreviewing the outcomes.
Individual studies were assessed as low risksome concerns regarding methodology and high risk based on each of the above-mentioned domains. Studies with one or more domains assessed as high risk or with some concerns for multiple domains were deemed overall as high risk.
Those with at least one domain with some concerns were evaluated in this category. The risk of bias process was conducted to assess the methodological quality of studies in their published form; study authors were not contacted for further information. A qualitative synthesis approach to this review was taken due to the large variation of interventions and cognitive assessments utilised across the studies, for each of the populations.
Figure 1 outlines the study selection process, with twenty-one studies meeting the eligibility criteria [ 202122232425262728293031323334353637383940 ]. Nine studies involved older adults with SCI [ 202122262833353738 ], and the remaining twelve, older adults without SCI [ 232425272930313234363940 ].
Table 2 details a summary of the characteristics of the nine [ 202122262833353738 ] SCI studies, and Table 3 details the twelve studies in older adults without SCI [ 232425272930313234363940 ]. Across both populations, all studies were randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials [ 202122232425262728293031323334353637383940 ].
Twenty studies employed a parallel design [ 2021222324252627282930313233343536373839 ], and one study utilised a cross-over design [ 40 ]. Three studies utilised the same intervention with two different doses three comparison groups in total, including placebo [ 202228 ], and one study utilised two different interventions compared to a single control [ 29 ].
Eight studies were conducted in the USA [ 2425272829303136 ], three each in Australia [ 233238 ] and Italy [ 263339 ], two in India [ 2135 ] and one each in Korea [ 20 ], the Netherlands [ 22 ], the UK [ 34 ], China [ 37 ] and Japan [ 40 ].
Two studies were published from to [ 2233 ], ten published between and [ 21232425273031323536 ], with the remaining nine between and [ 202628293437383940 ]. Fifteen studies reported methods of recruitment [ 202223242526282932353637383940 ], with twelve studies conducted in community settings audio, visual, and print media, universities [ 202324252829323536373840 ] and three in clinical settings general practice and outpatient clinics [ 222639 ].
Individual studies ranged from 28 [ 40 ] to participants [ 31 ]. A total of participants were from the nine SCI studies [ 202122262833353738 ], compared to from the twelve studies in older adults without SCI [ 232425272930313234363940 ].
All twenty-one studies utilised cognitive scales or tests [ 20212225262728293031323335363839 ], medical questionnaires [ 2337 ], self-reports of cognitive function [ 222426272930313440 ] or clinical questionnaires [ 23243238 ], to determine the eligibility for their respective study.
Nineteen of these studies utilised a validated measure to test cognitive functioning [ 20212223242526272829303132333536383940 ]. Fifteen out of twenty-one studies utilised the Mini-Mental State Exam MMSEas a measure of global cognition [ 20212225262728293031323335363839 ].
The MMSE cut-off score for participant inclusion varied between studies and populations. Overall, studies with an SCI population reported lower cut-off scores and ranges for participant inclusion.
Other scales included the Blessed Orientation Memory Scale BOMC [ 24 ], Weschler Memory Scale WMS [ 282935 ], Clinical Dementia Rating CDR Scale [ 20 ], Memory Complaint Questionnaire MAC-Q [ 28 ] and Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire SPMSQ [ 29 ].
Seventeen out of twenty-one studies used a herbal supplement [ 2123242526282930313233353637383940 ] with most studies utilising a form of Ginkgo biloba [ 2325293031363738 ] or Bacopa monnieri as a primary ingredient in their intervention [ 212426323539 ].
Two of these seventeen studies used a combination formula one containing Ginkgo biloba and 45 other herbs, minerals and vitamins specifically made for women [ 38 ] the other containing Bacopa monnierilycopene, astaxanthin and vitamin B12 [ 39 ].
In addition, one study each used a spearmint extract Mentha spicata L. and Melissa officinalis L. Twenty out of twenty-one studies reported a method of administration [ 2021222324252627282930313233343637383940 ] with ten administering the intervention orally via capsule [ 20212526282930333740 ], seven utilised tablets [ 23243132363839 ] and three a liquid solution [ 222734 ].
In terms of the control groups, all studies stated that they utilised a form of placebo. Nineteen out of twenty-one studies detailed the type of placebo employed [ 20212223242526272830313233343637383940 ], with ten studies utilising a capsule [ 20212526283033363740 ], six a tablet [ 232431323839 ] and three an oral liquid [ 222734 ].
Five of these studies used a form of placebo containing active herbal or nutritional ingredients [ 2229343839 ], with the remaining three using a placebo containing inert substances [ 283637 ]. Nineteen out of the twenty-one studies sufficiently detailed the dose of intervention [ 20212223242526272829303132343536383940 ], and seventeen detailed the dose of placebo [ 2021222425262728303133343637383940 ].
The total duration of studies ranged from 2 weeks [ 34 ] to 9 months [ 33 ]. Four studies employed a washout, run-in or withdrawal period; two before the trial began [ 2239 ], one between two cognitive testing periods midpoint weeks and endpoint weeks [ 21 ] and one for 6 weeks separating the intervention cross-over period [ 40 ].
One study utilised a 6-week placebo intake period for the control group, with 12 weeks of intervention for the treatment group [ 24 ].
Measures of cognition varied across the included studies. Figures 2 and 3 parallel studies and Fig. Green circles indicate that the domain or study has been evaluated as low risk, yellow as having some concerns and red as high risk.
Each article was assessed in terms of randomisation, intended interventions effect of assignment and effect of adhering to the interventionmissing outcome data, measurement of outcomes and selection in reported results.
Between populations, three SCI studies were assessed as having some concerns [ 202833 ], five were deemed high risk [ 2122353738 ] and one was deemed low risk [ 26 ]. For the non-SCI studies, three were assessed as having some methodological concerns [ 242739 ], and the remaining nine were deemed as high risk [ 232529303132343640 ].
Despite all twenty-one studies stating the method of intervention assignment was randomised, only fourteen sufficiently detailed the randomisation process and were deemed as low risk [ 2122232526272930313236373840 ].
Intended interventions effect of assignment to interventions were adequately reported in five studies low risk [ 2026282936 ], nine were assessed as high risk [ 212223253031323840 ] and the remaining seven have some concerns [ 24273334353739 ]. Thirteen studies were assessed as low risk for reporting on intended interventions effect of adhering to the intervention [ 20222324262728293031333839 ] and eight as high risk [ 2429323435363740 ].
Eighteen out of twenty-one studies were assessed as low risk for selection in reported results domain 5 [ 202122242526272829313233343536373839 ], with some concerns for only three studies [ 233040 ]. In terms of bias arising from period or carryover effects domain S in the cross-over study, this was deemed as low risk [ 40 ].
Results for all twenty-one studies are outlined below including intervention efficacy on cognitive function, adverse events and risk of bias.
: Herbal extract for cognitive function| Herbal Medicine Blog — Herbs & Owls | officinalis may extraxt have a role to play in the Herbal extract for cognitive function Hsrbal dementia Perry et al, orientale gP. Health benefits of Gingko biloba. These results suggest that ALWPs can selectively affect LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokine levels in BV2 microglial cells. Primary astrocytes were cultured from the cerebral cortices of 1-day-old Sprague Dawley rats. |
| No results found. | Tilstra, J. Equal amounts of protein 10 or 20 μg were mixed with sample loading buffer Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, United States , boiled for 5 min, and separated by SDS—PAGE using a Mini protein Tetra cell system. E Western blotting was performed on the nuclear fraction using antibodies against NF-κB and PCNA as a nuclear marker. Again, more efficient neural resources and performance appear to be enhanced after the administration of mg of Neuravena ®. Ginkgo biloba special extract EGb in generalized anxiety disorder and adjustment disorder with anxious mood: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Resveratrol and curcumin are both non-flavonoid polyphenols a stilbene and a curcuminoid, respectively that are regularly consumed as single compounds. It contains an active ingredient called curcumin, in recent years, there have been studies on this herb's potential benefits for the brain. |
| What is it Made of? | Whilst most studies deemed eligible for inclusion in the review found positive results particularly, those that used Ginkgo biloba or Bacopa monnieri , these outcomes need to be considered with caution, due to the high risk of methodological bias found. Plasma 1,8-cineole correlates with cognitive performance following exposure to rosemary essential oil aroma. Moss M, Jones R, Moss L, Cutter R, Wesnes K. The involvement of opioidergic mechanisms in the activity of Bacopa monnieri extract and its toxicological studies. The obtained average mean amplitudes for each subject were introduced into the statistical analysis described below. BMC Complement Altern Med. |
| Herbal extract shows promise as a treatment for mild cognitive impairment | Curr Top Med Chem. Tan MS, Yu JT, Tan CC, et al. Efficacy and adverse effects of ginkgo biloba for cognitive impairment and dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Alzheimers Dis. Ven murthy MR, Ranjekar PK, Ramassamy C, Deshpande M. Scientific basis for the use of Indian ayurvedic medicinal plants in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders: ashwagandha. Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem. Zheng M, Xin Y, Li Y, et al. Ginsenosides: A Potential Neuroprotective Agent. Biomed Res Int. Published May 8. Veerendra kumar MH, Gupta YK. Effect of Centella asiatica on cognition and oxidative stress in an intracerebroventricular streptozotocin model of Alzheimer's disease in rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. Akhondzadeh S, Noroozian M, Mohammadi M, Ohadinia S, Jamshidi AH, Khani M. Melissa officinalis extract in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: a double blind, randomised, placebo controlled trial. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Saper RB, Phillips RS, Sehgal A, et al. Lead, mercury, and arsenic in US- and Indian-manufactured Ayurvedic medicines sold via the Internet [published correction appears in JAMA. Gregory J, Vengalasetti YV, Bredesen DE, Rao RV. Neuroprotective herbs for the management of Alzheimer's Disease. Use limited data to select advertising. Create profiles for personalised advertising. Use profiles to select personalised advertising. Create profiles to personalise content. Use profiles to select personalised content. Measure advertising performance. Measure content performance. Understand audiences through statistics or combinations of data from different sources. Develop and improve services. Use limited data to select content. List of Partners vendors. By Cathy Wong. Learn more. 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This could be applied in studies utilising cognitive outcomes in people with SCI to determine whether a change in cognitive function is clinically meaningful, particularly in light of potential ceiling effects in this relatively unimpaired group. Future research should strive to investigate appropriate cognitive measures to detect a clinically significant change in SCI and implement gold standard, high-quality research methods to produce informative and translational outcomes. It is difficult to ascertain the true difference in the prevalence of SCI between the sexes, as a larger number of females rather than males are participating in these studies. Furthermore, inconsistencies in reporting prevalence between the sexes are typical in this field, again making it hard to determine whether SCI affects more females or males [ 2 ]. However, research within the area of cognitive decline suggests that females have a greater cognitive reserve but have a faster rate of cognitive decline particularly, in the areas of global cognition and executive function compared to males [ 46 ]. This outcome has been confirmed in dementia research. Dementia is reported to be the leading cause of death in women, with twice as many females compared to males being affected by the disease [ 47 ]. Further SCI prevalence research needs to be conducted to determine the true prevalence of SCI, between the sexes. A high number of older adults reporting SCI are within the 60—64 year age range [ 2 ], compared to studies included in this review that saw an overall average age of 65 years for participants. Sex and age outcomes derived from this review highlight the importance of finding a way to address low research participation in males and monitoring the faster rate of female decline. These outcomes should be considered with caution due to the subpar methodologies used to treat missing values. Reflective on previous research, the eligibility criteria for participation across the SCI and non-SCI studies were inconsistent [ 8 , 9 ], with varying scales, tests and questionnaires used, particularly for the MMSE [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 35 , 36 , 38 , 39 ]. This interpretation is further supported by the identification of all eligible studies in this review not using a combination of self-report cognitive concerns in line with the definition of SCI , cognitive scales such as the MMSE , a general health questionnaire including non-diagnosis of MCI or dementia and screening of mental health conditions. Reliability on only one or two measures for classification of an impairment or no impairment is problematic and certainly requires future attention within this area of clinical practice and research. An additional concern regarding the methodologies of accepted studies in this review is the large number of those deemed as having a high risk of bias, particularly within the bias due to assignment and adherence domains [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 25 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 40 ]. Either intention-to-treat ITT or modified intention-to-treat mITT approaches were not employed for participants with missing outcomes or outlier data, with participants being excluded completely from the analysis despite being randomised. Future studies in this field should consider using appropriate analysis to treat missing or outlier data, for post-randomisation outcomes as detailed above. The blinding of participants and other individuals involved in the trial was also identified as a concern. However, it is difficult to ascertain whether it was in fact the blinding process itself that was not conducted appropriately in these studies or if it was simply not reported sufficiently according to the ROB assessment standards. Future studies should look to adopting greater transparency and accuracy in the process specifically stating who was blinded and how , as this would go a long way in demonstrating non-biassed outcomes. Despite the majority of studies reporting positive results [ 20 , 21 , 23 , 24 , 26 , 28 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 35 , 38 , 39 , 40 ], a large number of these were deemed as having an overall high methodological risk of bias [ 21 , 23 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 35 , 38 , 40 ]. These methodological concerns unfortunately do not assist in determining the true efficacy of herbal and nutritional medicines on cognitive functioning for older adults with and without SCI. This is particularly the case for Ginkgo biloba [ 23 , 25 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 36 , 37 , 38 ] and Bacopa monnieri [ 21 , 24 , 26 , 32 , 35 , 39 ], given how common they were as interventions across the accepted studies of this review. The efficacy of Ginkgo biloba has been consistently unclear across the spectrum of cognitive decline. An earlier review investigating RCTs using Ginkgo biloba for the treatment of dementia [ 50 ] highlighted the concerns around the low quality of studies available, namely to do with utilisation of unsatisfactory methods. However, on a positive note, adverse effects found with the use of Ginkgo biloba across the accepted studies in this review appeared to be consistent with those reported with the use of a placebo [ 23 , 29 , 31 , 38 ], indicating that Ginkgo biloba may be comparable in terms of safety with placebo intake. These results are in line with what has been found previously in a dementia population [ 50 ]. This review had several strengths. A broad and extensive literature search was conducted in accordance with the aims and PICOS criteria of the review , comprehensively summarising the overall current state of the field. The lack of high-quality research has been addressed, highlighting the specific aspects which require improvement in future studies. The concerns surrounding the classification of SCI and the disparities between current research outcomes and clinical statistics have been presented. There were a number of limitations to this review. Furthermore, a meta-analysis was not feasible due to the inconsistent classification of SCI and non-SCI samples and the varying cognitive testing measures. The infancy of this area of research despite broad interest from the general public makes it difficult to conduct such an analysis at this time. person-centred terminology. The exclusion of non-English language studies, the initial article screening conducted by one reviewer and the search strategy developed in consultation with only one librarian were further limitations. First and foremost, an increased understanding and awareness of the features and characteristics of SCI needs to occur [ 8 , 9 ]. This should be considered in collaboration with the difference between the presentation of older adults without SCI and those with MCI, in line with the cognitive decline continuum [ 2 ]. Future research should aim at clarifying the characteristics, classification measures and features of SCI to allow for more homogeneous sample classification. Overall, by better understanding of SCI, this may provide greater support for outcomes in high-quality efficacy studies utilising herbal and nutritional medicines as a means of managing self-perceived or subtle cognitive decline and, ideally, lowering dementia risk or facilitating the secondary prevention of dementia. The development of a standardised outcome measure package including cognitive testing, medical questionnaires, self-reports and mental health questionnaires for use in SCI clinical trials would be the next step in moving the field forward. Increased accuracy in the differentiation between healthy older adults without SCI and those with SCI would assist in determining whether herbal and nutritional medicines have a positive effect on cognitive outcomes for this population. Whilst most studies deemed eligible for inclusion in the review found positive results particularly, those that used Ginkgo biloba or Bacopa monnieri , these outcomes need to be considered with caution, due to the high risk of methodological bias found. The literature in this area is in its infancy, with concerns around population and intervention heterogeneity evident. The use of supplements for cognition by older people is an area that attracts much interest from the community, yet our review shows that high-quality research on efficacy and safety is somewhat lagging. This review has provided an insight into the current state and quality of the literature on the safety and efficacy of cognitive function of herbal and nutritional medicines in older adults with and without SCI. Older adults with and without SCI were defined as aged 45 years and older, in accordance with the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC population-based statistics on Subjective Cognitive Decline and Aging [ 7 ]. Cedars Sinai. Subjective cognitive impairment SCI. Accessed on 1 Jan Röhr S, Pabst A, Riedel-Heller SG, Jessen F, Turana Y, Handajani YS, et al. Estimating prevalence of subjective cognitive decline in and across international cohort studies of aging: a COSMIC study. Alzheimers Res Ther. Article Google Scholar. 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Use of complementary medicines and lifestyle approaches by people living with dementia: exploring experiences, motivations and attitudes. Int J Older People Nurs. Agbabiaka TB, Wider B, Watson LK, Goodman C. Concurrent use of prescription drugs and herbal medicinal products in older adults: a systematic review. Drugs Aging. Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, The PRISMA, et al. statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. Petticrew M, Roberts H. Starting the review: refining the question and defining the boundaries. In: Systematic reviews in the social sciences. USA: Wiley; Sterne JAC, Savović J, Page MJ, Elbers RG, Blencowe NS, Boutron I, et al. RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. Ban S, Lee SL, Jeong HS, Lim SM, Park S, Hong YS, et al. Efficacy and safety of Tremella fuciformis in individuals with subjective cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial. J Med Food. 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Safety and efficacy of a Ginkgo biloba —containing dietary supplement on cognitive function, quality of life, and platelet function in healthy, cognitively intact older adults. J Am Diet Assoc. Cicero AF, Bove M, Colletti A, Rizzo M, Fogacci F, Giovannini M, et al. Short-term impact of a combined nutraceutical on cognitive function, perceived stress and depression in young elderly with cognitive impairment: a pilot, double-blind, randomized clinical trial. J Prev Alzheimers Dis. Crews WD, Harrison DW, Griffin ML, Addison K, Yount AM, Giovenco MA, et al. A double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of the neuropsychologic efficacy of cranberry juice in a sample of cognitively intact older adults: pilot study findings. Herrlinger KA, Nieman KM, Sanoshy KD, Fonseca BA, Lasrado JA, Schild AL, et al. Spearmint extract improves working memory in men and women with age-associated memory impairment. Lewis JE, Melillo AB, Tiozzo E, Chen L, Leonard S, Howell M, et al. 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Herbal extract for cognitive function -
Oxidative stress occurs when there is an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species ROS and the body's ability to detoxify them. This can lead to damage to proteins, lipids, and DNA, which can contribute to the development of neurological disorders.
Neuroprotective herbs contain antioxidants, such as flavonoids, carotenoids, and vitamin C, which can neutralize ROS and protect against oxidative stress. Neuroprotective herbs can also stimulate nerve cell growth and survival, improve blood flow, enhance neurotransmitter function, and reduce stress and anxiety.
Nature offers a variety of herbal allies that can support brain health and promote cognitive longevity. By incorporating these natural remedies into our wellness routines, we can harness their neuroprotective properties to enhance cognitive function and reduce the risk of age-related cognitive decline.
Ginkgo biloba is a popular herb used for centuries to improve cognitive function and enhance memory. Ginkgo contains flavonoids and terpenoids, which are powerful antioxidants that can help protect the brain from oxidative stress and inflammation.
These compounds can also improve blood flow to the brain, which is essential for optimal brain function. Research has shown that ginkgo can improve memory, attention, and overall cognitive performance in people with age-related cognitive decline.
It may also be beneficial for people with dementia or Alzheimer's disease by improving cognitive function and reducing behavioral symptoms. Additionally, ginkgo has been shown to improve mood and reduce anxiety, which may also have positive effects on cognitive function. Also known as Brahmi, this herbal ally has been used in Ayurvedic medicine for centuries to enhance memory, learning, and cognitive function.
Bacopa contains bacosides, which are natural compounds that can help protect the brain from oxidative stress and inflammation.
These compounds can also promote the growth and repair of nerve cells, which is important for maintaining cognitive function.
Studies have shown that Bacopa can improve memory, attention, and information processing speed in healthy adults. It may also be beneficial for people with cognitive decline, dementia, or Alzheimer's disease by improving cognitive function and reducing cognitive deficits.
Bacopa may also have mood-enhancing properties, which can indirectly support cognitive function by reducing stress and anxiety.
Protect your brain from stress! Stock up on brain boosting herbs. Ashwagandha, also known as Indian ginseng, is an adaptogenic herb that has been used in Ayurvedic medicine for centuries to improve overall health and well-being.
This herb contains compounds called withanolides, which have neuroprotective properties that can help reduce inflammation and oxidative stress in the brain. They also enhance the growth and survival of nerve cells, which is essential for cognitive function. SM-H: recruitment of participants and assessments.
SM-H, TP-M, and EI: data analysis. SM-H, EI, TP-M, MHK, and JK: interpretation, draft manuscript, and review. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version. EI and TP-M are employed by Frutarom Ltd.
and Frutarom Ltd. Swizerland, respectively. MHK was employed by Frutarom Ltd. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers.
Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
We would like to thank Frutarom Ltd. and Frutarom Switzerland Ltd. for the support received during the study and to all the participants. Abascal, K. Nervine Herbs for Treating Anxiety. Alternative and Compl. doi: CrossRef Full Text Google Scholar.
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This work was supported by the KBRI basic research program through the Korea Brain Research Institute funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning Grant No. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
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Our findings are very promising as they show that even after a relatively short treatment Carbohydrate recommendations for diabetes of just 12 weeks, SLT can support important aspects of funcction Herbal extract for cognitive function Herbxl in people with mild cognitive extrat. Mild Herbal extract for cognitive function impairment can cause difficulties with thinking and memory. Estimates suggest roughly one to two out of every 10 people with mild cognitive impairment develop dementia over a month period. While some issues with memory may be normal as people age, those living with mild cognitive impairment MCI may encounter more difficulties than their peers. Many times people will report that they are forgetting some names or thinking a little more slowly. Shaheen Lakhan, MD, Cognitice, is an award-winning physician-scientist and Herbal extract for cognitive function development specialist. Are there herbs for memory funciton can Lean tissue calculation brain health and prevent funcfion loss? A number of herbs and spices may help cogniitive Herbal extract for cognitive function Citrus aurantium benefits healthand some of them may be already sitting in your fridge or pantry. Several of these herbs and spices have been studied for their effects on Alzheimer's disease, while others have been tested for their overall effects on cognition i. the mental action or process involved in thinking, understanding, learning, and remembering. Here's a look at some of the herbs and spices found to benefit the brain in scientific studies. Sage is an herb for memory that has a number of brain benefits.
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