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Water vs. sports drinks: Is one better for you?Isotonic drink preferences -
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In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript. The popularity of these palatable high sugar and acidic drinks has implications for children's oral health. Background Sports drinks intended to improve performance and hydrate athletes taking part in endurance sport are being marketed to children, for whom these products are not intended.
Popularity among children has grown exponentially. Worryingly they consume them socially, as well as during physical activity. Sports drinks are high in sugar and are acidic. Product marketing ignores the potential harmful effects of dental caries and erosion.
Method One hundred and eighty-three self-complete questionnaires were distributed to four schools in South Wales. Children in high school years 8 and 9 aged 12—14 were recruited to take part. Questions focused on use of sports drinks, type consumed, frequency of and reason for consumption and where drinks were purchased.
Most respondents purchased the drinks from local shops More boys claimed to drink sports drinks during physical activity Whereas more girls claimed to drink them socially Conclusion A high proportion of children consumed sports drinks regularly and outside of sporting activity.
Dental health professionals should be aware of the popularity of sports drinks with children when giving health education advice or designing health promotion initiatives. Samantha Watt, Thomas A. José J. Muros, Emily Knox, … Mikel Zabala. Julie Gallagher, Paul Ashley, … Ian Needleman.
Sports drinks have become more popular over recent years with the younger generation. But, now runners are being encouraged to 'drink ahead of thirst' 3 with the recognition that hydration is associated with performance.
Sports drinks are designed to improve performance and hydrate elite adult athletes taking part in endurance and intense sporting events. It is the latter which is the most cause for concern, 5 particularly among children aged under The marketing of sports products has become a multibillion-dollar industry.
Certain marketing campaigns have even misled consumers into incorrectly concluding that the drinks contained no carbohydrates or additives. If consumed socially and in large quantities, sports drinks can lead to serious problems, such as obesity, diabetes, heart disease and gout, 7 as well as poor oral health.
Sports drinks contain both free sugars and acids, 4 hence these drinks have the ability to cause both dental caries and erosion. There is a strong relationship between eating foods high in 'free' sugars and dental caries.
The frequency and duration of sports drinks consumption are also important factors impacting on dental health. However, these drinks still have an acid content that can lead to erosion of enamel.
A study conducted in the dental clinic at the Olympic Park during the London Olympics assessed the general oral hygiene of participating athletes. This is a much higher prevalence than the experience of 'tooth wear' recorded by the UK Adult Dental Health Survey in 18 for similarly aged adults.
While the Olympic athletes came from the five continents 17 the authors reported no significant difference in erosion by continental location or ethnicity. They also reported a link between the frequency of sports drinks use and dental erosion in anterior teeth.
There is confusion over the difference between energy and sports drinks. An energy drink is marketed for its mental stimulant effect and contains high levels of substances such as caffeine, taurine and glucoronolactone.
The amount of sports drinks consumed by these American children also increased, from millilitres per day to millilitres per day during the same timeframe. Few studies have investigated the use of sports drinks in children, their knowledge about the product and the impact they may have on their oral health.
The aim of this study was to investigate the use of and knowledge surrounding sports drinks by year-old school children in South Wales, UK. This paper reports on consumption aspects only; the knowledge component is reported separately.
This study consisted of a questionnaire survey of year-old school children recruited from a convenience sample of four secondary schools in South Wales.
Schools were selected to reflect the range of deprivation experienced within the area according to the Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation, WIMD School A was a private school; School B a comprehensive school, whose catchment area draws from the most deprived areas in Wales; Schools C and D were also comprehensive schools, but their catchment area drew from a more mixed demographic.
Prior to the commencement of this study ethical approval was gained from the Dental School Research Ethics Committee at Cardiff University. A focus group of eight adolescents aged 12—16 was undertaken to inform the questionnaire design. Participants were informally asked whether they drank sports drinks and why?
With information gained from the focus group, a self-complete anonymous questionnaire was designed containing mainly closed questions, allowing categories to be analysed efficiently and with minimum bias.
Children from school years 8 12—13 years old and 9 years old were invited to take part in the study from each of the selected schools. Headmasters from each school were asked to nominate one class per school year to take part. A combination of school consent, parental negative consent and child assent was used in this study.
Respondents were told that participation was voluntary before they completed the questionnaire. One researcher DB was present at each school to distribute and collect the questionnaires and also to answer any questions about the project.
The data were analysed using appropriate descriptive and inferential statistics, such as frequency distributions and chi-squared test for categorical variations with an alpha value of 0.
Statistical analysis was performed with IBM SPSS Statistics Version 20 software. Demographic details of the schools and the number of participants from each school and year are presented in Table 1. One hundred and eighty-three questionnaires were distributed among the four schools.
The majority, Almost half of these respondents drank sports drinks more than once a week The modal consumption frequency was two to three times a week Fig. Reported frequency of sports drinks consumption, for the respondents who reported drinking them. Drink type consumed, by the respondents who reported drinking them respondents could report drinking more than one type.
All but one response to the 'Other' category were 'energy' drinks, not marketed as 'sports' drinks.
The only 'other' sports drink was an unbranded isotonic drink. The purchase locations for the sports drinks are presented in Figure 3 ; there were locations mentioned by respondents who reported drinking them, allowing multiple purchase location responses.
Location of purchase, identified by the respondents who reported drinking sports drinks respondents could report more than one location.
Most of the sports drinks were being purchased in local shops, with Supermarkets were also popular with 78 mentions, which equated to The four mentions of 'Other' were; bakery, Home Bargains, Spar and Lidl. Respondents were asked in which situation they drank sports drinks, limited to five categories which were isolated during the focus group discussion Fig.
There was a clear gender difference; far more boys than girls consumed sports drinks during physical activity and at meal times Fig. The majority of boys However, more girls drank sports drinks at home These results reflect responses to respondents' participation in sport.
Results showed that The most popular reason for consuming sports drinks was the taste of the product Energy and hydration were reasons given by The fact that sports drinks enhance performance was only stated by Reason for consumption, identified by the respondents who reported drinking sports drinks respondents could report more than one reason.
Approximately one third When questioned how much they would spend, the majority would spend between 50p and £1 for a sports drink The results obtained indicate that a high proportion of adolescents in South Wales are consuming sports drinks.
Both the prevalence and the frequency of consumption in this age group appear to have increased in recent years. However, just under half of the sample reported drinking LSV ® which was not separately identified by the Mintel data — this may be a reflection of the fact that LSV ® is labelled as an Energy Drink but marketed as ' a functional beverage, specially developed for periods of increased mental and physical exertion.
This mirrors findings of the US Healthy Eating Research Review in 2 and Food Standards Australia New Zealand in , 32 which found people were consuming these drinks simply because they tasted nice. Taste of these sports drinks was the primary factor given by this group of 12—year-olds and appears to be the main reason why they appeal to younger consumers.
Improvements in physical performance was given as a reason for drinking by a minority of participants, even though over The results also showed that about a half of the respondents who drink sports drinks claim to drink them socially.
This is likely to be linked to the fact that consumer independence is well developed and also the fact that the influence of peers while socialising is particularly strong for this age-group.
In the UK in recent years holistic food and health policies 35 , 36 have come to the fore, where local government, health and third sector agencies work together to address food, health and exercise. These can involve whole school approaches to food and health and the promotion of healthier choices in leisure centres.
While the majority of participants claimed to drink sports drinks, it became apparent that there was some confusion over the definition of a sports drink versus an energy drink. However, from a dental and wider health perspective these two drinks types have similar detrimental effects due to their high free sugar unless sugar free content and low pH.
In supermarkets and local shops, sports drinks are sold alongside other sugar sweetened beverages. This could indicate to children and parents that they are meant for use by everyone. Where these drinks are sold in shops should be re-assessed, so as to ensure people do not misunderstand the purpose of the product.
The prices of these drinks also needs to be considered; the recent lobby by Public Health England 39 and others for a sugar tax on sugar sweetened beverages was successful in March The fact that sports drinks are so popular with children because of their sweet taste as opposed to reasons associated with sport which are tenuous should add weight to the case for an excise duty on sweetened beverages incorporating sports drinks.
A high proportion of children consumed sports drinks regularly and outside of sporting activity. Sports and energy drinks — Executive Summary: UK. Mintel Group ltd: London, Healthy Eating Research.
Consumption of sports drinks by children and adolescents. pdf accessed September Cohen D. The truth about sports drinks. BMJ ; : e Article Google Scholar. Noble W, Donovan T, Geissberger M. Sports drinks and dental erosion, CDA Journal ; 39 : — PubMed Google Scholar.
Schnieder M B, Benjamin H J. Sports drinks and energy drinks for children and adolescents: are they appropriate? Paediatrics ; : — Heneghan C, Howick J, O'Neill B et al. The evidence underpinning sports performance products: a systematic assessment. BMJ ; 2 : e Google Scholar. Department of Nutrition at Harvard School of Public Health.
Sugary Drinks and Obesity Fact Sheet. Burt B A, Pai S. Sugar consumption and caries risk: A systematic review.
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Oral health and impact on performance of athletes participating in the London Olympic Games: a cross-sectional study. Br J Sports Med ; 47 : —8. White D, Pitts N, Steele J, Sadler K, Chadwick B. In reality, individual preferences, lifestyle, and training goals often determine the most practical solution.
Find what works for you. There are six main electrolytes — sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphate, and magnesium. Here are two articles on the electrolytes the human body loses the most during exercise — sodium and potassium.
For events that go far and long ultramarathons, ironman triathlon, or peak bagging , you might need more than just sugar and salt. After all, We deplete more than just carbohydrates and electrolytes during exercise. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and are critical to many bodily systems.
BCAAs, in particular, are crucial components in the muscle repair process and delaying muscle fatigue during running. These micro-nutrients govern a vast range of human body functions. Vitamins B complex and C are commonly included in sports drinks. Vitamin B complex, consisting of eight B vitamins, is responsible for metabolizing nutrients, red blood cell growth, energy levels, eyesight, brain function, digestion, nerve function, hormone and cholesterol production, and cardiovascular health, to name a few.
Vitamin C protects cells and supports blood vessels, bones, cartilage health, etc. Caffeine has well-documented benefits, such as delaying muscle fatigue, improving nerve signal transmission, and enhancing mood and focus.
However, it has side effects like gastrointestinal stress, frequent urination, insomnia, and substance dependence.
If you regularly consume caffeine, the effects of caffeinated sports drinks may be negligible. To get a real performance boost on race day, we recommend cutting out caffeine for at least days before a race. The digestive tract begins with the mouth, meaning your taste buds play a part in how well your body will handle a sports drink and whether it may cause gastrointestinal issues.
On race day, you will be going hard; a lot can happen when you are tested physically and mentally. So control what you can control and be kind to your taste buds and eliminate preventable discomforts such as fuel with subpar flavors. But hopefully, the following tips are helpful. A daily bottle of sugary water is definitely not what anyone would call a healthy diet.
A carbohydrate-rich breakfast hours before should be sufficient. Sports drinks are better reserved for big workouts, long efforts, and race days. However, if you have a high sweat rate and concentration, you can consider sports drinks low in carbohydrates and designed for replenishing electrolytes, especially in the scorching summer heat.
If you plan to use sports drinks in a race, pick a few workouts that simulate your event to practice fueling. If you are a marathoner, it might be a 30km progression run or a rust-busting half-marathon. RUNIVORE is dedicated to helping runners reach their optimal potential through research and dissemination of information about diet, training, race strategies, and other helpful running related info.
What are sports drinks? How are sports drinks processed in the human body? How to choose sports drinks? When choosing sports drinks, consider these three criteria: Activity type Nutrition facts Flavor Activity — What are you fueling for? And here are four rules of thumb: A fit runner can store up to minutes worth of glycogen when running at marathon to near lactic threshold paces.
If your activity is under 90 minutes, you may not need to refuel during exercise. At easier efforts, glycogen depletion is also slower. Consume 1 g of carbohydrate per kg of body weight per hour.
For example, a 60 kg athlete should take 60 g of carbohydrates per hour. Recent studies suggest that the body can process up to g of carbohydrates per hour. Gradually increasing your carbohydrate intake during training is recommended to handle a larger amount of the macro-nutrient.
Just like your lungs, heart, and legs, your digestive system requires training as well. Every g of carbohydrates require ml of water to process. The sodium lost during running ranges from less than mg per liter to over mg for those who sweat heavily.
Sweat rates also vary widely, but the average adult sweat about 1 to 1. Obviously, variables such as humidity and temperature can alter your sweat rate. Nutrition facts- What are sports drinks made of, and what are the key nutrients?
Carbohydrates This macro-nutrient is the primary fuel for endurance athletes. There are two schools of thought regarding carbohydrate sources: Sugar is sugar.
Or Natural over synthetic. Electrolytes There are six main electrolytes — sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphate, and magnesium. Branded-chain amino acids BCAA For events that go far and long ultramarathons, ironman triathlon, or peak bagging , you might need more than just sugar and salt.
Vitamins These micro-nutrients govern a vast range of human body functions. Caffeine Caffeine has well-documented benefits, such as delaying muscle fatigue, improving nerve signal transmission, and enhancing mood and focus.
Start with your favorite foods. If you enjoy the tartness of citrus fruits, lemon- and orange-flavored sports drinks may work well for you. Determine your consistency preference. Some sports drinks are effervescent, while others may be thicker. Try different options during workouts to see which agrees with you.
If you follow a clean diet, try sports drinks with natural ingredients.
Isotonic drink preferences drnik many perferences of sports prefereces on the market. But Mindfulness and focus to figure out Isotonic drink preferences one suits your needs prfeerences best? In this article, we help you to select the right sports drink for your needs and adventures. In everyday life, we lose approximately two litres of water per day via breathing, sweating, toilet visits and digestion. But during sports, we lose up to two litres in an hour. The Isotonic drink preferences oreferences your sports drink can Iotonic affect how your body absorbs it—and depending Pre-game meal best practices your goals, sweat precerences, Isotonic drink preferences event, Diabetes management resources can make a big difference in the success of your hydration strategy! Tonicity is a metric used to compare the thickness of one solution to another. Why human blood? Whether a drink is hypotonic lower concentration than bloodisotonic about the same concentration or hypertonic higher concentration affects how quickly you can absorb it into your bloodstream. This determines how much energy i.
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