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Hans Johan Breidablik, Åge Diseth and Eivind Meland were responsible for planning, organising and conducting the longitudinal survey.
Anne-Lene Norman and Emma Bjørnsen performed the data collection in cooperation with school staff, health nurses and health coordinators in the participating municipalities. This work was supported by the Norwegian Data Inspectorate who helped with data punching and organising data files.
The former county of Sogn og Fjordane paid for administrative costs related to the study. Otherwise, this research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.
Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Research Group for General Practice, Årstadveien 17, , Bergen, Norway. Department of Research and Development, District General Hospital of Førde, , Førde, Norway.
Center for Evidence-Based Practice, Western Norway University of Science, Inndalsveien 28, , Bergen, Norway. Faculty of Health, VID Specialized University, Fyllingsdalen, Bergen, Norway. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar.
EM and H-JB participated in planning and performing the survey. EM performed the analyses and drafted the first manuscript. FT participated in data analyses and together with H-JB and GBS participated in developing the text with relevant references.
All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Correspondence to Eivind Meland. All protocols were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.
Student participation was confidential and voluntary. Informed written consent was obtained from both parents and students. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
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Reprints and permissions. Meland, E. et al. How body concerns, body mass, self-rated health and self-esteem are mutually impacted in early adolescence: a longitudinal cohort study. BMC Public Health 21 , Download citation. Received : 27 November Accepted : 02 March Published : 12 March Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:.
Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Skip to main content. Search all BMC articles Search. Download PDF. Abstract Background Impaired self-rated health SRH and self-esteem SE in adolescents are associated with increased body mass index BMI.
Methods A longitudinal cohort study of Norwegian high school students, with SRH, SE and BMI as primary outcomes.
Results Body and weight concerns had unfavourable effects on SRH and SE, which both had favourable effects on each other. Conclusions This study confirms that body concerns had unfavourable effects on subjective health, and that positive self-concepts predicted a leaner body.
Background According to most researchers in the field, being overweight or obese during childhood and adolescence is associated with non-communicable diseases and even with mortality [ 1 ]. Specifically, we set out to examine: a How body weight and body shape concerns predicted SRH and SE in a general adolescent population after 2 years; b How the reciprocal associations between these outcomes were during the 2 years; and c How predictors influenced change in the outcomes during the two-year time span.
Methods Participants We invited all municipalities in the former county of Sogn og Fjordane in western Norway to participate in the survey, and all except one accepted the invitation.
Full size image. Table 1 Sex, age, socioeconomic status family affluence , self-rated health, self-esteem, BMI, and body concerns among students from Sogn og Fjordane surveyed at two time-points and Full size table. Results We compared the cohort participants in the present study with all study participants in the study from grades 8 and 10 see Fig.
Table 2 Temporal causal and residual change analyses of predictors in with self-rated health in as outcome. Table 3 Temporal causal and residual change analyses of predictors in with self-esteem in as outcome among boys.
Table 4 Temporal causal and residual change analyses of predictors in with self-esteem in as outcome among girls. Table 5 Temporal causal and residual change analyses of predictors in with BMI LogBMI as outcome.
Discussion Objectives and main findings We set out to examine how body weight and body shape concerns predicted SRH and SE in a general adolescent population after 2 years; how the reciprocal associations between these outcomes were during the 2 years; and how predictors influenced change in the outcomes during the two-year time span.
What is already known on this topic SE and SRH were reciprocally related in the present study. What this study adds Overall, it appears that dissatisfaction and body distress may hinder attempts to lose weight, although multiple factors might confound this association [ 31 ].
Limitations and strengths of this study The weaknesses of the study include the large proportion of students lost to follow-up, and possibly also the context of the study being set in mostly rural districts of western Norway.
Conclusion In conclusion this study confirms that BMI, SE SRH, body shape and body weight concerns were reciprocally associated with complex inter-relations. Key points Obesity in childhood and adolescence is associated with later health loss The causality of this association is complex and insufficiently understood In an early adolescent general population self-rated health and self-esteem predicted a leaner body Body shape and weight concerns predicted deteriorating self-rated health and self-esteem Weight focus may have unwanted side effects Health promotion should build on positive self-concepts and body acceptance.
Abbreviations BMI: Body Mass Index SE: Self-esteem SRH: Self-rated health SES: Socio-economic status HBSC: Health in School-Aged Children. References Reilly JJ, Kelly J. Article CAS Google Scholar Bacon L, Aphramor L.
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Article Google Scholar Download references. Acknowledgements Hans Johan Breidablik, Åge Diseth and Eivind Meland were responsible for planning, organising and conducting the longitudinal survey. Funding The former county of Sogn og Fjordane paid for administrative costs related to the study. Author information Authors and Affiliations Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Research Group for General Practice, Årstadveien 17, , Bergen, Norway Eivind Meland Department of Research and Development, District General Hospital of Førde, , Førde, Norway Hans Johan Breidablik Center for Evidence-Based Practice, Western Norway University of Science, Inndalsveien 28, , Bergen, Norway Frode Thuen Faculty of Health, VID Specialized University, Fyllingsdalen, Bergen, Norway Gro Beate Samdal Authors Eivind Meland View author publications.
View author publications. Ethics declarations Consent to publication Not applicable. Ethics approval All protocols were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. Competing interests None declared. Supplementary Information. Additional file 1. Rights and permissions Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.
About this article. Cite this article Meland, E. Copy to clipboard. BMC Public Health ISSN: Body mass, weight control behaviours, weight perception and emotional well being in a multiethnic sample of early adolescents.
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Poorthuis AMG, Thomaes S, van Aken MAG, Denissen JJA, Orobio de Castro B. Dashed hopes, dashed selves? A sociometer perspective on self-esteem change across the transition to secondary school. Soc Dev. Download references. We thank all colleagues and staff at the Student Health Service of the Department of Health for their assistance and collaboration.
The study was funded by the Health and Health Services Research Fund, Food and Health Bureau, Hong Kong SAR, grant number School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 7 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. WJG conceived and conducted the analysis and drafted the initial draft. DYTF developed the study methodology, interpreted the results and drafted the manuscript. MPW and THL critically reviewed the manuscript for important intellectual content.
TWHC contributed to data collection and critically reviewed the manuscript. SYH designed the original study, acquired the data and critically reviewed the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Correspondence to Daniel Yee Tak Fong. The study was carried out in accordance with the guidelines and regulations laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material.
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Reprints and permissions. Gong, W. et al. BMC Public Health 22 , 31 Download citation. Received : 11 June Accepted : 01 December Published : 06 January Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:. Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.
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Thank you for visiting nature. You Fistribution using sistribution browser version with effective strategies for controlling blood glucose support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date Antioxidant vegetable varieties or turn welf-esteem Electrolyte Information mode in Internet Explorer. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript. Self-perception of body size seems to be not always in line with clinical definitions of normal weight, overweight and obesity according to Word Health Organization classification. The effect of self-perception of body size disturbances and body dissatisfaction may be the development of eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa or binge eating disorder—a major risk factor of obesity development.
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