Lycopene and diabetes -
One such example is tomato. Yes, tomato is a fruit, at least in the botanical sense. Interestingly, several fruits are known to be rich in metabolites or bioactive compounds such as carotenoids, polyphenols, and terpenes; tomato is one of them.
Tomatoes contain lycopene, a type of compound which falls into the triterpene category. It is believed that lycopene benefits far exceed what was previously assumed. It is an open secret that tomatoes have a low GI value. It typically means that this fruit does not result in blood sugar spikes.
The reason being it releases its miniscule sugar content gradually, in small amounts, minimising the risk of a jump in glucose levels. Moreover, its fibrous core is known to keep diabetic patients satiated for longer, reducing food intake. For people with pre-diabetes and healthy individuals, adding tomatoes to a daily diet can lower the risk of T2D type-2 diabetes.
Studies have shown that metabolic disorders such as T2D diabetes are caused due to insulin sensitivity or inefficient production of this hormone by the pancreas. A diet rich in tomatoes and fruits containing lycopene not only prevents an increase in blood sugar levels, especially in individuals who consume large amounts of carbs, but also reduces insulin intolerance.
This, in turn, improves insulin efficiency and thereby reduction in hepatic glycogen content. Tomato soup benefits also include reduced insulin sensitivity.
Lycopene is a powerful antioxidant. This compound, along with other phytochemicals, not only offers that fiery colour to certain fruits but is a perfect dietary add-on to combat advanced glycation events caused by medicines such as Metformin.
The antioxidant property of lycopene neutralizes the imbalance between the free radicals and anti-oxidative defence. This reduces the risks of coronary heart disease and cancer by fighting pathogenic threats. The health benefits of tomatoes do not revolve around lycopene alone.
This fruit is also rich in folate, vitamin C, beta-carotene, vitamin A, and potassium. These micronutrients, along with carotenoids, offer an oxidative shield. What does this mean for healthy individuals in general and people with diabetes in particular? The answer is reduced swelling. Benefit — 5.
So, how do tomatoes support a healthy heart, especially in people with diabetes? There are many reasons. However, before we delve into them, you must understand that people with diabetes are always at risk of cardiovascular issues in the long run. Now, coming back to the reasons, lycopene typically improves lipid profile.
Individuals who consume decent amounts of tomatoes benefit from lower internal inflammation, blood pressure, and atherosclerosis, the three major causes of cardiovascular upheavals. The reason behind this belief is its anti-oxidative property.
On the other hand, lycopene as a suppressor of age-related illnesses has already been concluded in several lengthy and complex experiments. The culprit is actually glycoxidation, caused by free radicals, resulting in a build-up of plaques in brain tissues.
Tomato juice benefits may appear mystical and unbelievable, but it is a potent concoction nevertheless. Although dietary tomatoes are rich in lycopene, the dried and paste variants provide a concentrated source of this lipophilic carotenoid.
Did you know that just an ounce of dried tomatoes contains more than 12, mcg of lycopene? However, if you are averse to this fruit, fret not. Altinova et al. In the study, the role of cytokines on diabetes and the effects of lycopene on the levels of cytokine in the groups with diabetes were examined.
TNF-α increased in the lycopene and lycopene-diabetes group with regard to the control group, but this increase was not statistically significant. Additionally, IL-2 was slightly high in the diabetic group with regard to the other groups.
Also, there was no difference in the levels of IL-6 among the groups, but IL increased a bit in the other groups, especially in the diabetes-lycopene and diabetes groups in comparison with the control group.
But this increase was not statistically important. Similar results on many cytokines in diabetes have been obtained, and it has been concluded that cytokine parameters cannot be used in the evaluation of the pathogenesis of diabetes.
It is considered that the HDL level decreased in the group with diabetes compared to the control group and that the decrease observed in the diabetes-lycopene and diabetes groups might be related to the decrease of cholesterol level in these groups. Again, the level of LDL decreased in the lycopene group in comparison with the other groups.
That the level of cholesterol with lycopene is low in regard to the other groups indicates that lycopene has characteristics that lower the level of cholesterol as well.
Because of the cholesterol-lowering feature of lycopene, levels of LDL and HDL were low in the lycopene group. The combination of diabetes and lycopene does not have an impact on cytokines. On the other hand, the fact that there is an increase in lycopene in the diabetes-lycopene group and a significant decrease in the diabetes group considering the results obtained from the level of PON enzyme, it can be concluded that these are significant indications that diabetes has oxidative and lycopene has preventive qualities.
Considering that oxidative stress has a role in forming diabetes and its complications, such alternative methods as lycopene and supportive treatment approaches should be researched and developed. Abbot CA, Mackness MI, Kumar S, Boulton AJ, Durrington PN Serum paraoxonase activity, concentrations and phenotype distribution in diabetes mellitus its relationship to serum lipids and lipoproteins.
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Med J Ege Univ 11 1 :1—5. Download references. This article has been summarized from the doctoral thesis with the same title. We thank Yüzüncü Yıl University Chairmanship of Scientific Projects for their financial support SBE-D Health Service Vocational School of Higher Education, University of Giresun, Giresun, Turkey.
Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Yüzüncü Yıl, Van, Turkey. Department of Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Yüzüncü Yıl, Van, Turkey. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar.
Correspondence to Sevim Çiftçi Yegin. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits any use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author s and the source are credited.
Reprints and permissions. Yegin, S. Effect of Lycopene Application in Rats with Experimental Diabetes Using Lipoprotein, Paraoxonase and Cytokines. J Membrane Biol , — Download citation.
Received : 15 March Accepted : 04 June Published : 19 June Issue Date : August Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:. Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative.
Download PDF. Abstract This study was conducted with the purpose of researching the effect of lycopene application on lipoprotein, paraoxonase PON and cytokines that are projected to be used in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes by making experimental diabetes.
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Introduction Diabetes is an ever-growing chronic metabolism defect all over the world Seghrouchni et al. Materials and Methods Material and Experiment Groups Animals were provided by University of Yüzüncü Yıl Experimental Animal Unit. Statistical Analysis All data were analyzed using ANOVA and the SAS program SAS Institute, Cary, NC.
Results The levels of data belonging to the four groups are presented in Table 1. Table 1 Results of PON, HbA 1c , triglyceride, cholesterol, VLDL, HDL, LDL and cytokine in the DM, DM-lycopene, lycopene and control groups Full size table. Discussion DM is a metabolic and endocrine disease emerging due to absolute or dependent insulin deficiency or due to insulin resistance and characterized by a carbohydrate lipid and protein metabolism disorder.
Conclusion The combination of diabetes and lycopene does not have an impact on cytokines. References Abbot CA, Mackness MI, Kumar S, Boulton AJ, Durrington PN Serum paraoxonase activity, concentrations and phenotype distribution in diabetes mellitus its relationship to serum lipids and lipoproteins.
Lu Wang, Simin Liu, Aruna D. Pradhan, JoAnn E. Manson, Julie E. Buring, Lycopene and diabetes. Michael Gaziano, Howard Adaptogenic energy elixir. The authors LLycopene a nested case-control Ane from daibetes among Wnd women aged 45 years or older and free from cardiovascular disease and cancer to examine the prospective association among plasma lycopene, other carotenoids, and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. During 10 years of follow-up, cases of incident type 2 diabetes were selected and individually matched on age ±1 year and follow-up time to nondiabetic controls.
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