Citrus aurantium for blood sugar balance -
FBS, TG, and total cholesterol were measured by enzymatic method. A 24 hr dietary recall and food frequency questionnaire were analyzed by Nutrition III soft ware. Data were compared with paired t- test and X2-test as appropriate.
Results: there were no statistical significant change in body weight, energy and macronutrient intakes before and after 4 weeks consumption of sour orange juice, but Vitamin C intake significantly p Keywords: Biood Glucose , Citrus , Diabetes Mellitus- Type2 , Dyslipidemia , Lipids.
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However, it is important to note that individual results may vary. Other factors come into play as well, such as genetics, dietary patterns, exercise, and medication usage.
There is a wide range of effective dosages, anywhere from to 1,mg. With that said, most people may find the most benefits within a moderate dose of mg to 1,mg of citrus bergamot extract per day.
Click here to read our article going over the recommended dosages for citrus bergamot. Citrus Bergamot is often compared with many other different types of herbs.
We have put together a few helpful articles going over common comparisons. Among its many health benefits, several clinical trials show that citrus bergamot is effective for blood sugar and weight loss. Specifically, citrus bergamot may help decrease blood sugar, improve insulin sensitivity, improve metabolism, and reduce body fat.
If one is interested in supplementing with citrus bergamot for blood sugar or weight loss, taking mg to 1,mg per day for one to six months seems to be the most effective protocol. About Jack Cincotta, MS. Written by: Jack Cincotta, MS. Published on: February 1, Medical Review by: Daniel Powers, MS.
Learn about our editorial process. Citrus Bergamot vs. Other Herbs: Read More: Conclusion:. Summary: Clinical trials indicate that citrus bergamot may regulate blood sugar and promote weight loss.
Mechanisms of Action: Citrus bergamot is thought to benefit blood sugar and weight loss by multiple mechanisms, including reducing inflammatory markers, improving insulin sensitivity, and regulating hormone function. Summary: Daily supplementation of mg to 1,mg of citrus bergamot is thought to begin working within one to six months.
About Jack Cincotta, MS Jack has a Master of Science degree in Psychology and is also an AADP® Board Certified Holistic Health Practitioner and AFPA® Certified Holistic Health Coach. His passion is to help people develop optimal levels of health, particularly mental health.
Jack has a Master of Science degree in Psychology and is also an AADP® Board Certified Holistic Health Practitioner and AFPA® Certified Holistic Health Coach. A , and blood was collected from the caudal vessel with lancet. 지각, 상엽 및 상엽과 지각의 혼합물의 투여방식과 사육조건은 실시예2 와 동일하 게 실시하였다.
혈액 내 혈당량은 1주 마다 모니터링하였다. The administration method and the breeding conditions of the crust, the upper leaf, and the mixture of the upper leaf and the crust were carried out in the same manner as in Example 2.
Blood glucose levels were monitored every week. Rats fasted overnight after 8 weeks were sacrificed by cardiac hemorrhage under light ether anesthesia, and for cardiac analysis, heparin was collected by cardiac puncture in a vial that prevented blood clotting with heparin. 지각이 혈당강하 효과를 가지고 있음을 확인하는 결과는 표 3 및 도 3 에 나타내었다.
The results confirming that the perception has a hypoglycemic effect are shown in Table 3 and FIG. There were no significant differences in blood glucose levels between the normal group I , the normal group II , the normal group in the upper lobe group III , and the normal group in the upper lobe and perception group IV.
Blood glucose levels in diabetic rats VI and upper lobe rats VII were significantly increased. It was slightly decreased, and hypoglycemic effect was significantly observed in the rats VIII who received a mixture of upper lobe and perception in diabetic rats, and it was confirmed that the perception has an effect of reducing blood glucose levels in diabetes mellitus.
실시예 2 에서와 같은 방법으로 정상쥐와 당뇨를 유발한 쥐를 그룹화하고 사육하였다. Normal mice and diabetic rats were grouped and bred in the same manner as in Example 2. Food and water were taken at will for eight weeks, and urine was received in sterile glass bottles.
당뇨병의 증상 중 하나인 다식, 다음 현상이 지각의 섭취로 완화되는지 여부에 대한 실험결과는 표 4 와 도 4 에 나타내었다. Experimental results on whether one of the symptoms of diabetes, the erudite, the following symptoms eased with the consumption of the earth's crust is shown in Figure 4 and Table 4. There was no significant difference in the intake of water according to the following phenomena between the normal group I , the upper group administered the upper lobe II , and the upper group and the perception group III.
In streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats IV , the water intake was significantly higher than in the other groups. In rats VI who received a mixture of upper lobe and crust, the water intake was lower than that of V. 당뇨병의 증상 중 하나인 다뇨현상이 지각의 섭취로 완화되는지 여부에 대한 실험결과는 표 5 와 도 5 에 나타내었다.
Experimental results on whether polyuria, one of the symptoms of diabetes, are alleviated by ingestion of perception are shown in Table 5 and FIG.
There was no significant difference in urine volume between the normal group I , the upper group to the normal group II , and the upper group to the normal group III.
The urine volume was significantly increased in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats IV , compared with the other groups. Similarly, the rats VI who received a mixture of the upper lobe and the crust in the rats showed a similar decrease, indicating that the perception had an effect of reducing the amount of increased urine in diabetes.
각 그룹의 내부 대정맥으로부터 채혈하였고, 내림 가슴 대동맥 decending thoracic aorta 은 즉시 노출시켜 주변의 세포로부터 분리하였다. 혈관에 부착된 지방과 연결조직은 제거하였다. 대동맥은 2~3 mm 넓이의 고리로 잘랐고, 대동맥 고리는 7. 스터럽 중의 하나는 조직보관통에 연결하였고, 다른 하나는 크기가 같은 장력을 기록하기 위해여 힘 에너지 변환기 force transducer, Narco bio-system 에 연결하였다.
Blood was drawn from the internal vena cava of each group, and the descending thoracic aorta was immediately exposed and isolated from surrounding cells. The aorta was dissected and extracted and cold physiological saline with silicon line 0 to 4 ° C.
Fat and connective tissue attached to blood vessels were removed. In a PSS tissue chamber, a horizontal walk was made between two stainless steel stirrups. One of the stirrups was connected to the tissue reservoir and the other to a force transducer Narco bio-system to record the same tension.
The aortic rings were divided into 8 groups: group I was normal rat control group, II was perceptual treatment in normal rat, III was upper lobe treatment in normal rat, and IV was upper lobe and perception in normal rat.
Would have done. 각 그룹에서 내피세포층은 혈관에 공기로 1분간 20 mmHg의 살포압력을 줌으로 해서 제거 되었다. 내피세포 노출의 효과는 공기 덩어리 처리 전 후에 아세틸콜린 acetylcholine; 0. 공기의 주입은 내피세포의 기능의 손실을 유발한다. 내피세포의 기능 손상 여부는 아세틸콜린에 반응하여 혈관이 팽창의 소실되고, SNP에 반응한 팽창은 완전하게 남아있는 것으로부터 알 수 있다.
In each group, the endothelial cell layer was removed by applying 20 mmHg sparging pressure to the blood vessels for 1 minute. The effect of endothelial cell exposure was acetylcholine 0. A small arterial response to 0.
Infusion of air causes a loss of endothelial function. Endothelial cell function is impaired by vascular loss of blood vessels in response to acetylcholine, and expansion in response to SNP remains intact. 내피세포가 부존재 하는 대동맥 고리는 2. 고농도의 칼륨이 혈관의 수축의 안정기 도달을 유발하였을 때, 대동맥 고리를 생리적식염수로 헹구었고, 30분 동안 재평형에 적용되었다.
혈관수축이 70 mM KCl에 의해 견고한 안정기에 도달한 후에 대동맥 고리는 30분 동안 생리적 식염수에 의해 안정화되었다. 이러한 반응은 세 번 반복되었고, 생리적 식염수로 안정화시킨 후에 노르에피네프린 norepinephrine, NE; 0. 혈관의 긴장은 30분 후에 안정상태에 도달하였다. 노르에피네프린은 0. Aortic rings without endothelial cells were applied to equilibrate for 90 minutes at 2. When high concentrations of potassium caused the plateau to reach the contraction of blood vessels, the aortic rings were rinsed with physiological saline and applied to rebalance for 30 minutes.
After vasoconstriction reached a solid plateau with 70 mM KCl, the aortic rings were stabilized by physiological saline for 30 minutes.
This response was repeated three times, and after stabilizing with physiological saline, the contractile response of the arteries to norepinephrine NE; 10 M at 0. Blood vessel tension reached a steady state after 30 minutes. Norepinephrine was added cumulatively from 0.
각 농도에서의 반응은 노르에피네피린의 다음 농도의 첨가 전에 평형에 도달하도록 하였다. 노르에피네프린에 의한 혈관 수축의 폭은 각 농도마다 측정하였다. The reaction at each concentration was allowed to reach equilibrium prior to the addition of the next concentration of norepinephrine. The width of vasoconstriction caused by norepinephrine was measured at each concentration.
The effect of contraction with norepinephrine was expressed as a percentage of response to the maximum contracted by 70 mM KCl initially treated in each aorta. 모든 실험은 각각 4번에서 5번 반복되었다.
All experiments were repeated four to five times each. 카르바콜 carbachol,CCh 처리 하에서 지연효과는 내피세포를 가진 대동맥 고리에서 조사되었다. 이러한 반응은 카르바콜로 세 번 반복되었고, 대동맥 고리는 내피세포의 존재 하에서 대동맥의 확장효과를 측정하기 위해서 70 mM KCl로 다시 수축시켰고, 0.
각각의 농도에 대한 반응은 카르바콜의 다음농도의 첨가 전에 안정기에 도달하도록 하였다. 카르바콜에 의해 유발된 지연 폭은 각각의 농도에서 측정되었다. 모든 실험은 각각 4~5번 반복되었다. The delayed effect under carbachol CCh treatment was investigated in the aortic rings with endothelial cells. After reaching a solid plateau of vasoconstriction induced by 70 mM KCl, the aortic rings were stabilized for 30 minutes by physiological saline.
This reaction was repeated three times with carbacol, the aortic ring was retracted with 70 mM KCl to measure the aortic dilatation effect in the presence of endothelial cells and delayed carbacolo in a dose-dependent manner from 0. I was. The reaction for each concentration was allowed to reach a plateau before addition of the next concentration of carbacol.
The delay width induced by carbacol was measured at each concentration. The delaying effect of contraction by carbacol was expressed as a percentage of response to maximum contracted by 70 mM KCl initially treated in each aorta where endothelial cells were present.
All experiments were repeated times each. 혈관수축능력 및 이완능력에서도 당뇨군에서 정상군에 비해 혈관의 수축력이 월등 히 높았으며, 이완능력은 감소하여 혈관의 탄성도가 감소하였다. 그러나 상엽과 지각의 복합제 처리에 의해 혈관의 탄성도가 증가하여 당뇨로 인해서 나타나는 혈관부전 현상을 개선시키는 효과가 있음을 보였다.
In diabetic group, diabetic group had significantly higher contractile force than diabetic group. However, it was shown that the elasticity of blood vessels was increased by the treatment of the upper lobe and the perceptual complex, thereby improving the vascular dysfunction caused by diabetes.
노르에피네프린 처리에 따른 혈관수축효과를 표 6 에 보인다. Table 6 shows the vasoconstriction effect of norepinephrine treatment. 카르바콜 처리에 따른 혈관수축의 지연효과를 표 7 에 보인다. Table 7 shows the delayed effect of vasoconstriction upon carbacol treatment. 본 발명에 따른 지각 또는 상엽 추출물은 물, 저급 알코올, 헥산, 에틸아세테이트 또는 이들의 혼합 용매로 추출할 수 있다.
더욱 바람직하게는, 유기용매를 이용하여 휘발성 혹은 비휘발성 물질을 분리하는 유기용매 추출법에 의해 제조될 수 있다. 이는 저급 알코올, 헥산, 에틸 아세테이트 또는 이들의 혼합 용매로 추출하는 단계 및 추출여액을 여과하여 농축하는 단계 및 동결 건조하는 단계로 구성된다. 상기 저급 알코올은 메탄올, 에탄올 및 부탄올로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된다.
추출 과정으로는 냉침 추출법, 초음파 추출법, 여과법, 환류 추출법, 감압 농축법 등의 방법이 사용될 수 있으며, 이밖에도 통상적으로 사용되는 추출법이 사용될 수 있다. 또한, 지각 또는 상엽 추출물은 고온의 열수를 이용하여 가용성 물질들을 분리하는 열수추출법에 의해서도 제조될 수 있다.
농축 및 동결과정 또한 통상적으로 알려진 방법이 다양하게 사용될 수 있다. Crust or upper leaf extract according to the present invention can be extracted with water, lower alcohol, hexane, ethyl acetate or a mixed solvent thereof. More preferably, the organic solvent may be prepared by an organic solvent extraction method for separating volatile or nonvolatile materials.
It consists of extracting with lower alcohol, hexane, ethyl acetate or a mixed solvent thereof, filtering the filtrate to concentrate and freeze drying. The lower alcohol is selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol and butanol.
As the extraction process, methods such as cold needle extraction, ultrasonic extraction, filtration, reflux extraction, and vacuum concentration may be used. In addition, extraction methods commonly used may be used.
In addition, the crust or upper leaf extract may also be prepared by hot water extraction to separate soluble substances using hot hot water.
Concentration and freezing can also be used in a variety of commonly known methods. Japan 로 농축한 후, 동결 건조하여 본 발명의 원지 추출물을 제조하였다. 그 결과, 각각 지각 g 및 상엽 g의 건조추출물을 얻었다. for 1 hour, and the filtrate filtered with gauze was concentrated using a vacuum filter Eyela. Japan , followed by freeze drying. The raw paper extract of the invention was prepared.
As a result, g of crust and g of upper leaf were obtained, respectively. Japan 로 농축한 후, 동결 건조하여 본 발명의 지각 또는 상엽 추출물을 제조하였다. 그 결과 지각 92g 및 상엽 98g의 건조추출물을 얻었다. The collected extract was filtered with filter paper, and the filtrate was concentrated in a reduced pressure filter Eyela.
Japan at 45 ° C. and 1 atm, and then lyophilized to prepare the crust or upper leaf extract of the present invention. As a result, 92 g of crust and 98 g of upper leaf were obtained. 지각 또는 상엽 추출물의 인체 안정성을 검사하기 위하여 급성 독성실험을 하였다. 군당 5 마리씩의 동물에 본 발명의 지각 또는 상엽 추출물을 각각 0. 시험물질 투여 후 통상의 방법에 따라 동물의 폐사여부, 임상증상, 체중변화를 관찰하고 혈액학적 검사와 혈액 생화학적 검사를 실시하였으며, 부검하여 육안으로 복강장기와 흉강장기의 이상여부를 관찰하였다.
Acute toxicity test was conducted to examine the human stability of the crust or upper leaf extract. Acute toxicity experiments were conducted using 6-week-old specific pathogen-free SPF SD mice. Five animals per group were suspended in 0.
Objective: Wugar study bloood effect Herbal remedies for asthma Citrus Chitosan for hair extract on liver antioxidant ability in experimental diabetic mice. Revitalizing and youthful skin ICtrus diabetic balancee were Unsurpassed with Citrus aurantium for blood sugar balance. aurantium extract C. After 5 weeks, the general status, liver antioxidant ability and the change of livers histological were observed. Results: Experimental diabetic mice groups were treated with C. aurantium extract in comparison with the experimental diabetic mice group. The activities of superoxide dismutase SOD were increased in liver. Free format Citrys : PATENTED -day detox diets. Year of fee payment : 4. Year of fee payment Skgar 8. Fir date : In one embodiment, the fraction is concentrated by freeze drying the supernatant. The fraction is useful to treat a disorder associated with abnormally elevated glucose levels in a subject by administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the extract or a pharmaceutical composition containing the extract.
Citrus aurantium for blood sugar balance -
Abstract: Views. Abstract Introduction: Sour orange is known as an herbal plant in folk medicine. Previous studies indicate a protective relationship between the consumption of citrus fruits or juices and risk of some chronic diseases. Objective: In this study, the effect of short-term consumption of sour orange juice on blood glucose and lipid profile of diabetic patients was evaluated.
Materials and Methods: In a clinical trial study before and after , thirty-five 10 men and 25 women dyslipidemic diabetic patients without nephropathy with mean age Each patient consumed ml of sour orange juice daily for 4 weeks.
The patients were asked to maintain their usual diet, physical activity and consumption of their oral hypoglycemic agent during the entire experimental period.
Body weight and height were measured at baseline and after consumption of ml of sour orange juice daily for four weeks and BMI was calculated. Fasting blood glucose, lipids and ascorbic acid level were measured at the beginning and the wnd of the study.
Plasma ascorbic acid concentrations were measured by the 2,4 dinitrophenyl hydrazine method with calorimetric analysis.
FBS, TG, and total cholesterol were measured by enzymatic method. A 24 hr dietary recall and food frequency questionnaire were analyzed by Nutrition III soft ware. Data were compared with paired t- test and X2-test as appropriate. Results: there were no statistical significant change in body weight, energy and macronutrient intakes before and after 4 weeks consumption of sour orange juice, but Vitamin C intake significantly p Keywords: Biood Glucose , Citrus , Diabetes Mellitus- Type2 , Dyslipidemia , Lipids.
The formula of this supplement consists of ingredients rich in polyphenols and flavonoids, naturally included in the plant extracts, with proven efficacy on lipid metabolism when used separately 18 , The main ingredients of the supplement used in this proof-of-concept study comprised of a blend of Citrus aurantium extract and Olea europaea leaf extract, combined with a Cistus creticus extract standardized in polyphenols, chromium and vitamins B1, B2, B3, B5, B12, contained in a single capsule.
A total of 20 individuals who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled. All participants provided consent in writing following extensive debriefing.
Individuals receiving statins, fibrates or any other hypolipidemic treatment were excluded. At the initial visit, the participant's medical history was documented, following a thorough clinical examination. Laboratory biochemical testing included the measurement of TC, LDL-C, HDL and TG serum levels.
Sample collection and blood testing began in September, and the final results were obtained in March, In total, 16 of the 20 individuals enrolled completed the study. Of the 20 initial subjects, 4 individuals did not return for the scheduled reassessment visit. None of the 16 participants who came to the reassessment visit reported experiencing any adverse events during the administration of the dietary supplement under study.
The median age of the study population was 59 years range, years. The mean weight of the subjects was A total of 10 participants The mean diastolic blood pressure was As regards comorbidities, 1 participant had diabetes mellitus, 1 had hypertension and 1 had hypothyroidism Table I.
The nutritional supplement used in the present study was provided by Votaniche S. Athens, Greece in the form of a capsule, available on the market under the name Elipidio ®.
All volunteers received two capsules of the supplement daily, before their main meal. Each capsule In detail, the plant composition of the capsule consisted of mg Cistus creticus , mg Citrus aurantium and Olea europaea blend, at an approximate ratio of 1.
The composition and content in the bioactive ingredients of the Citrus aurantium and Olea europaea blend have also been previously described in the study by Merola et al All participants were instructed to receive the capsules for 12 weeks and were reassessed after this period, without any instructions for alterations in diet or exercise patterns.
Blood samples 5 ml were drawn at the initial patient visit at the outpatient hypertension clinic and following the end of treatment week 12, re-evaluation visit.
Statistical analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS software version 29; IBM Corp. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to assess the normality of the data. The parametric two-sided paired sample t-test was used to compare the blood results before and after supplement administration. The mean TC levels at the initial visit were measured at The average reduction in TC levels was 5.
Statistical analysis using the paired t-test indicated that the average TC levels before the administration of the supplement differed from the respective values following treatment. Boxplots of total cholesterol levels, before blue box and after orange box the administration of the supplement.
The average measured LDL levels at the initial visit were The mean reduction in LDL levels was 4. Variations in average values after 12 weeks of the daily intake of capsules of the supplement. Statistical analysis using the paired t-test indicated that the mean LDL-C levels prior to the administration of the test capsule differed from the levels after the administration of the capsule.
However, the reduction in LDL cholesterol was not statistically significant p. Boxplots of low-density lipoprotein levels, before blue box and after orange box the administration of the supplement. The average values of HDL at the initial medical examination were The average increase in the HDL levels reached 5.
Statistical analysis using the paired t-test indicated that the average HDL levels prior to the intake of the supplement differed from the final test results values. The HDL values increased; however, this increase was not statistically significant p.
Boxplots of high-density lipoprotein levels, before blue box and after orange box the administration of the supplement. The average values of the TG levels at the initial examination were Following 12 weeks of the daily consumption of two capsules of the test supplement, the TG values were The average decrease was After performing statistical analysis paired t-test , the results revealed a statistically significant decrease following the administration of the capsules for a week period p.
Boxplots of triglyceride levels, before blue box and after orange box the administration of the supplement. A summary of the final results of the study regarding the efficacy of the nutritional supplement on the lipid profiles of the study participants is presented in Table II and Fig.
Following 3 months of receiving the supplement, the TC levels were reduced by 5. Overall, although the changes in the LDL levels are not deemed statistically significant, a tendency towards an improvement was observed in the results for TC, HDL and TG levels.
Median levels of TC, LDL, HDL and TGs at the beginning of the study and after 12 weeks of consumption of the supplement. TC, total cholesterol; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; TGs, triglycerides.
The present open observational prospective study in individuals with mild hyperlipidemia, demonstrated that the nutritional supplement combining plant extracts from Citrus aurantium, Olea europaea leaf and Cistus creticus , administered for a period of 12 weeks, significantly reduced TG levels by The results are consistent with those of previous publications , in which the herbal extracts of the study supplement were studied separately.
In both studies, the doses of the extracts used were higher than those used in the present study. Since in the present study, the decrease in TG levels was considerably higher, yet with smaller doses, it can be assumed that this decrease may be attributed to the synergistic effect of the plant extracts.
High TG levels are considered a marker of high cholesterol levels in TG-rich lipoproteins, which are associated with low-grade inflammation Hypertriglyceridemia and high levels of TG-rich lipoproteins are considered an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; therefore, any decrease in TG levels may have a beneficial effect on risk reduction.
In another study, fasting TG levels were shown to be associated with short- and long-term cardiovascular risk, even in individuals who were treated effectively with statins Additionally, from a multiple single nucleotide polymorphism Mendelian randomization analysis, the genetic findings support a casual effect of TGs on coronary heart disease events Increased levels of TGs are associated with increased levels of remnant cholesterol and with reduced levels of HDL-C On the other hand, HDL-C is important for the lipid transportation and metabolism, due to the removal of the excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues, but also for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties 27 , 28 , attributed to the associated enzyme paraoxonase 1 PON1 PON1 binds to HDL-C and increases its antioxidant anti-atherogenic effects In the present study, a marked increase of 3.
Since it is widely accepted that HDL-C is critical due to its anti-atherogenic properties in mediating cholesterol transport from peripheral tissues to the liver 31 , an increase in HDL-C alongside with a significant decrease in TG levels appears to be beneficial for individuals with mild cardiovascular risk factors.
The blend of ingredients which was used in the present study, has been previously suggested to improve PON1 activity in parallel with an increase in HDL-C levels and a decrease in TG levels Moreover, supplementation with a water infusion of Cistus incanus also known as Cistus criticus 32 , has been demonstrated to exert antioxidant effects by significantly decreasing the malondialdehyde and advanced oxidative protein product concentrations in healthy volunteers Recently, Cistus incanus extract, through its potent antioxidant activity due to its high content of flavonoids, was proven to attenuate the negative effects of high fat-carbohydrates on erythrocytes in animal models It has also been demonstrated in vitro to have the ability to decrease the overproduction of reactive carbonyl species, particularly advanced glycation end products, which function as a prooxidant and pro-inflammatory agent in the organism Cistus creticus is considered to be an excellent source of natural antioxidants and the European Food Safety Authority included it in its scientific opinion In previous research, the administration of polyphenol-rich olive leaf extracts was found to significantly lower the serum levels of TC, TGs and LDL-C, and to increase the serum level of HDL-C.
These extracts were found to increase the serum antioxidant potential and the hepatic catalase and superoxide dismutase activities Additionally, there are studies that recommend supplementing with vitamin B3 niacin or a fibrate as suggested options for the correction of atherogenic dyslipidemia 13 , Extracts from fruits of the Citrus family, have been mentioned as lipid-lowering components, with statin-like effects More specifically, the use of hesperidin, a flavonoid compound abundantly occurring in Citrus family fruit peel, has been found to lower serum TG levels in hypertriglyceridemic subjects, possibly by reducing very low-density lipoprotein metabolic abnormalities In another study, conducted with the use of Citrus extracts and olive polyphenols, in relation to the lipid profile, there was a significant improvement in the serum levels of TC and LDL Due to the key antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of the plant extracts used in the composition of the nutritional supplement used herein along with vitamins B and chromium, a significant decrease in the TG levels was achieved.
The main limitation of the present study was that the findings were obtained from a small group of individuals, as well as in its short duration.
The results attained in the present study, even if these are derived from a small sample size, establish a tendency. Although the findings, particularly the suppressive effect on TG levels, appear promising, further larger studies for this nutritional supplement are required.
Additionally, possible genetic profiling studies, related to the metabolism of TGs are required to further elucidate the regulatory mechanisms and the individual response after the use of a personalized intervention.
Funding: The present study was funded by the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens research grands research grant no.
ND and SB conceived the study. DK and CPT performed the patient medical examinations. EK, AT, SB and ND were involved in the acquisition of data, in the design of the study, and in the writing of the manuscript. VE performed the statistical analyses.
All authors have read and approved the final manuscript. AT and VE confirm the authenticity of all the raw data. The other authors declare that they have no competing interests. Rader DJ, Hoeg JM and Brewer HB Jr: Quantitation of plasma apolipoproteins in the primary and secondary prevention of coronary artery disease.
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