Mealtime strategies -
Often, he would rather play than sit down and eat a healthy meal. But learning good mealtime habits is very important and will benefit your child for the rest of his life.
Here is a plan for structuring mealtimes and helping your child to learn these important new habits:. Before starting to feed solid foods, check to see if your baby is ready. Your child will give you cues. Your baby is ready for solid foods when he:. Most babies can usually do these things around the time they are 6 months old.
Some infants, especially premature babies, may not be ready until they are older. We continue to correct for prematurity until 2 years of age.
By starting your baby with a mealtime plan early, he or she will already be on the road to success. Ideally, by the time they are toddler-age, your child will be used to a schedule of 3 meals alongside family at mealtimes and 2 to 3 snacks a day.
Eating should always be done while seated at the table or in the highchair. Meals should not be longer than 30 minutes. There are several good reasons for this:.
This diet provides the nutrients your child needs to grow and develop as he should. Give milk with meals to make sure he gets enough calcium for strong bones and teeth. Water is good anytime. If your child refuses the healthy foods you give him, end the meal on time.
Do not offer food again until the next scheduled meal or snack. This will teach your child that he needs to eat the food you provide at the time it is given. This is a very valuable lesson for your child to learn.
If he does not eat at mealtime, he will just be hungrier for the next meal and there is a good chance he will eat what is provided. Give only water between meal and snack times.
When it is time to eat, a very hungry child is more likely to accept the foods you want him to eat. During the changeover to new liquids, it is important to watch for signs that your child is not getting enough to drink. Mealtime Success PDF. Urgent Care. In This Section. Here is a plan for structuring mealtimes and helping your child to learn these important new habits: Getting ready Before starting to feed solid foods, check to see if your baby is ready.
Patrick H, Nicklas T. J Am Coll Nutr. Dev DA, McBride BA. Academy of nutrition and dietetics benchmarks for nutrition in child care are child-care providers across contexts meeting recommendations? J Acad Nutr Diet. Dev DA, Speirs KE, McBride BA, Donovan SM, Chapman-Novakofski K. Early Child Res Q.
Elford L, Brown A. Exploring child-feeding style in childcare settings: how might nursery practitioners affect child eating style and weight? Eat Behav. Musher-Eizenman D, Holub S.
Comprehensive feeding practices questionnaire: validation of a new measure of parental feeding practices. J Pediatr Psychol. Freedman MR, Alvarez KP.
Early childhood feeding: assessing knowledge, attitude, and practices of multi-ethnic child-care providers.
Vaughn AE, Ward DS, Fisher JO, Faith MS, Hughes SO, Kremers SPJ, et al. Fundamental constructs in food parenting practices: a content map to guide future research.
Nutr Rev. Schmitt N, Kuljanin G. Measurement invariance: review of practice and implications. Hum Resour Manag Rev. Gubbels JS, Sleddens EF, Raaijmakers LC, Gies JM, Kremers SP.
The child-care food and activity practices questionnaire CFAPQ : development and first validation steps. Public Health Nutr. Ward DS, Mazzucca S, McWilliams C, Hales D. Use of the environment and policy evaluation and observation as a self-report instrument EPAO-SR to measure nutrition and physical activity environments in child care settings: validity and reliability evidence.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. Fallon M, Halloran K, Gorman K, Ward D, Greene G, Tovar A. Self-reported and observed feeding practices of Rhode Island head start teachers: knowing what not to do. Anundson K, Sisson SB, Anderson M, Horm D, Soto J, Hoffman L.
Song WO, Song S, Nieves V, Gonzalez A, Crockett ET, Larson A, et al. BMC Public Health. Sharma S, Dortch KS, Byrd-Williams C, Truxillio JB, Rahman GA, Bonsu P, et al. Nutrition-related knowledge, attitudes, and dietary behaviors among head start teachers in Texas: a cross-sectional study.
Swindle TM, Ward WL, Bokony P, Whiteside-Mansell L. J Hunger Environ Nutr. Henderson K, Grode G, Middleton A, Kenney E, Falbe J, Schwartz M. Validity of a measure to assess the child-care nutrition and physical activity environment.
Benjamin SE, Ammerman A, Sommers J, Dodds J, Neelon B, Ward DS. Nutrition and physical activity self-assessment for child care NAP SACC : results from a pilot intervention.
J Nutr Educ Behav. Seward K, Wolfenden L, Wiggers J, Finch M, Wyse R, Oldmeadow C, et al. Measuring implementation behaviour of menu guidelines in the childcare setting: confirmatory factor analysis of a theoretical domains framework questionnaire TDFQ.
Copeland KA, Sherman SN, Khoury JC, Foster KE, Saelens BE, Kalkwarf HJ. Wide variability in physical activity environments and weather-related outdoor play policies in child care centers within a single county of Ohio.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. Falbe J, Kenney EL, Henderson KE, Schwartz MB. The wellness child care assessment tool: a measure to assess the quality of written nutrition and physical activity policies. Sigman-Grant M, Christiansen E, Branen L, Fletcher J, Johnson SL. About feeding children: mealtimes in child-care centers in four western states.
Swindle TM, Patterson Z, Boden CJ. Rice ME, Grusec JE. Saying and doing: effects on observer performance. J Pers Soc Psychol. Staub E. Effects of persuasion and modeling on delay of gratification. Dev Psychol. Grusec JE, Saas-Kortsaak P, Simutis ZM. The role of example and moral exhortation in the training of altruism.
DeVellis RF. Scale development: theory and applications. Third edit. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications; Google Scholar. Davis AM, Canter KS, Stough CO, Gillette MD, Patton S. Measurement of mealtime behaviors in rural overweight children: an exploratory factor analysis of the behavioral pediatrics feeding assessment scale.
Hendy HM, Williams KE, Camise TS, Eckman N, Hedemann A. The parent mealtime action scale PMAS. Muthen B, du Toit SH. Robust inference using weighted least squares and quadratic estimating equations in latent variable modeling with categorical and continuous outcomes.
Gaskin C, Happell B. On exploratory factor analysis: a review of recent evidence, an assessment of current practice, and recommendations for future use. Int J Nurs Stud. Horn J. A rationale and test for the number of factors in factor analysis. Allison PD. Handling missing data by maximum likelihood.
Cary, NC: SAS Institute; Tavakol M, Dennick R. Int J Med Educ. Streiner DL. Starting at the beginning: an introduction to coefficient alpha and internal consistency. J Pers Assess. Benjamin Neelon SE, Briley ME.
Position of the American dietetic association: benchmarks for nutrition in child care. Ammerman A, Ward D, Benjamin S, Ball S. An intervention to promote healthy weight: nutrition and physical activity self-assessment for child care NAP SACC theory and design. Prev Chronic Dis.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar. Fletcher J, Branen L, Price B, Matthews S. Building mealtime environments and relationships. An inventory of mealtime practices for feeding young children in group settings. University of Idaho; ; Ward D, Hales D, Haverly K, Marks J, Benjamin S, Ball S, et al.
An instrument to assess the obesogenic environment of child care centers. Am J Health Behav. Lanigan JD. Hughes SO, Cross MB, Hennessy E, Tovar A, Economos CD, Power TG. Establishing cutoff points. Buck JH. The two bite Club ebook. Satter E.
Eating competence: definition and evidence for the Satter eating competence model. Wardle J, Cooke LJ, Gibson EL, Sapochnik M, Sheiham A, Lawson M. Cooke LJ, Chambers LC, Añez EV, Croker HA, Boniface D, Yeomans MR, et al. Eating for pleasure or profit. Psychol Sci. Newman J, Taylor A.
J Exp Child Psychol. Sanders MR, Patel RK, le Grice B, Shepherd RW. Children with persistent feeding difficulties: an observational analysis of the feeding interactions of problem and non-problem eaters. Health Psychol. Wardle J, Herrera M-L, Cooke L, Gibson EL.
Eur J Clin Nutr. Office of Head Start. Legislation and regulations: Head Start Program Performance Standards 45 CFR part US Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families. Accessed 18 Dec Ogata BN, Hayes D. Position of the academy of nutrition and dietetics: nutrition guidance for healthy children ages 2 to 11 years; Book Google Scholar.
Kharofa RY, Kalkwarf HJ, Khoury JC, Copeland KA. Are mealtime best practice guidelines for child care centers associated with energy, vegetable, and fruit intake?
Child Obes. Blaine RE, Davison KK, Hesketh K, Taveras EM, Gillman MW, Benjamin Neelon SE. Child care provider adherence to infant and toddler feeding recommendations: findings from the baby nutrition and physical activity self-assessment for child care baby NAP SACC study.
Vandeweghe L, Moens E, Braet C, Van Lippevelde W, Vervoort L, Verbeken S. Perceived effective and feasible strategies to promote healthy eating in young children: focus groups with parents, family child care providers and daycare assistants.
Blissett J. Relationships between parenting style, feeding style and feeding practices and fruit and vegetable consumption in early childhood. Mitchell GL, Farrow C, Haycraft E, Meyer C. Orrell-Valente JK, Hill LG, Brechwald WA, Dodge KA, Pettit GS, Bates JE. Birch LL, McPheee L, Shoba B, Steinberg L, Krehbiel R.
Learn Motiv. Hendy HM. Ann Behav Med. Ramsay SA, Branen LJ, Fletcher J, Price E, Johnson SL, Sigman-Grant M. Hughes S, Anderson C, Power T, Micheli N, Jaramillo S, Nicklas T.
Measuring feeding in low-income African—American and Hispanic parents. Hanus MD, Fox J. Assessing the effects of gamification in the classroom: a longitudinal study on intrinsic motivation, social comparison, satisfaction, effort, and academic performance. Comput Educ. Lanigan J. Costanzo PR, Woody EZ.
J Soc Clin Psychol. Sigman-Grant M, Rd P, Christiansen E, Fernandez G, Edd JF, Johnson SL, et al. Hungry Mondays: low-income children in childcare. J Hunger Environ Nutr J. Lumeng JC, Kaplan-Sanoff M, Shuman S, Kannan S.
Gooze RA, Hughes CC, Finkelstein DM, Whitaker RC. Obesity and food insecurity at the same table: how head start programs respond. Prasad V, Ioannidis JP.
Evidence-based de-implementation for contradicted, unproven, and aspiring healthcare practices. Implement Sci. Bodegom-Vos L, Davidoff F, Marang-van de Mheen PJ.
Implementation and de-implementation: two sides of the same coin? BMJ Qual Saf. National Survey of Early Care and Education Project Team. Number and Characteristics of Early Care and Education ECE Teachers and Caregivers: Initial Findings from the National Survey of Early Care and Education NSECE.
Washington, DC; Accessed 20 Mar Download references. The authors wish to acknowledge the efforts of the research team for their instrumental work and support throughout the study: Elizabeth Christiansen, Keri Nikolajewski, Elizabeth Price, Kirk Steinhorst, Ramona Beasley and Priscilla Salant.
We also wish to thank the members of our expert panel and especially the child care providers who participated in the research. We also acknowledge Geeerish Sadasivan for his assistance with formatting the manuscript. This research was supported by the National Initiative for Future Agriculture and Food Systems Grant no.
The project was also supported, in part, by the UAMS Translational Research Institute TRI , grants UL1TR and KL2TR TS through the NIH National Center for Research Resources and the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, the Arkansas Biosciences Institute, NIH P20GM TS , and NIH K01 DK TS.
Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Jack Stephens Drive, Little Rock, AR, , USA. University of Nevada Cooperative Extension, So Elizabeth Street, Salt Lake City, UT, , USA. Food and Nutrition, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, , USA.
Child, Family and Consumer Studies, Center on Disabilities and Human Development, University of Idaho, Alturas Drive, Moscow, ID, , USA.
Department of Pediatrics, Anschutz Medical Campus, Section of Nutrition, F, University of Colorado—Denver, 12, E 17th Ave, Rm , Aurora, CO, , USA. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar.
TS conceived and executed the data analysis plan for this study and made substantial contribution to drafting and revising; MSG conceived of the overarching study, contributed to the design of the instrument, and made substantial contributions to interpretation of the data as well as the drafting and revising.
LB and JF made substantial contributions to the development of the original instrument and contributed to the revising of this manuscript. SJ made substantial contributions to the design of the instrument as well as design and interpretation of the data analysis plan and the drafting and revising of this manuscript.
All authors provided final approval and agree to be accountable for all aspects of this work. Correspondence to Taren Swindle. This protocol was approved by the University of Nevada, Reno Institutional Review Board.
We conducted this study in accordance with all applicable government regulations and University of Nevada, Reno research policies and procedures. By returning surveys, all respondents provided consent. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4. Reprints and permissions. Swindle, T. et al. About feeding children: factor structure and internal reliability of a survey to assess mealtime strategies and beliefs of early childhood education teachers.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 15 , 85 Download citation. Received : 06 December Accepted : 27 August Published : 10 September Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:. Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.
Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Skip to main content. Search all BMC articles Search.
Download PDF. Research Open access Published: 10 September About feeding children: factor structure and internal reliability of a survey to assess mealtime strategies and beliefs of early childhood education teachers Taren Swindle ORCID: orcid.
Johnson 5 Show authors International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity volume 15 , Article number: 85 Cite this article Accesses 13 Citations 5 Altmetric Metrics details. Abstract Background Children spend a substantial amount of time in early care and education ECE settings and may eat a majority of their diet in this setting.
Methods Licensed ECE centers from CA, CO, ID and NV were included in this cross-sectional survey study. Conclusions The AFC Strategies and Beliefs Survey provides a promising self-report instrument with a strong factor structure consistent with the extant literature to measure practices and beliefs related to feeding and mealtimes in the ECE setting.
Methods Study design The AFC group was a consortium of nutrition and child development professionals from academic institutions in three western states.
Setting and participants A stratified random sample of licensed ECE centers from CA, CO, ID and NV was selected, and English-speaking staff from these centers who worked with children 18—60 months of age were invited to participate in the survey. Full size image. Results Participants with complete data were no different than those with incomplete data in terms of ethnicity, job description i.
Item descriptive statistics Table 1 presents sample demographics. Table 1 Demographic and personal descriptive statistics for the survey respondents Full size table. Table 2 Item pool and endorsement for structural and verbal mealtime strategies Full size table.
Table 3 Factor loadings and frequency of endorsement for structural mealtime strategies Full size table. Table 4 Factor loadings verbal mealtime strategies Full size table.
Table 5 Factor loadings beliefs about mealtime Full size table. Components and constructs of the about feeding children mealtime strategies and beliefs survey.
Discussion The AFC Strategies and Beliefs Survey was designed to assess feeding beliefs and practices of ECE providers during mealtimes in ECE centers. Structural mealtime strategies Adult Control of Foods Consumed, Bribing with Sweet Foods, and Supportive Adult Roles at Mealtime each were distinct and strong factors within Structural Mealtime Strategies.
Beliefs about mealtimes Autonomy Promoting items reflected 1 teaching about foods e. Endorsement of strategies ECE staff endorsed items consistent with Best Practice Guidance at varying rates, whereas items inconsistent with Best Practice Guidance most often received majority endorsement i.
Limitations and strengths Our systematic approach to the development of this instrument has both limitations and strengths. Conclusions The AFC Strategies and Beliefs Survey is a promising self-report instrument with a strong factor structure consistent with the extant literature to measure practices and beliefs related to feeding and mealtimes specifically in the ECE setting.
Abbreviations AFC: about feeding children BMI: Body mass index CA: California CACFP: Child and adult care food program CO: Colorado ECE: early care and education EFA: exploratory factor analysis FIML: Full Information Maximum Likelihood ID: Idaho KR: Kuder-Richardson NV: Nevada SD: Standard deviation US: United States WLSMV: weighted least squares estimation.
References National Household Education Surveys Program. Article Google Scholar Geoffroy MC, Power C, Touchette E, Dubois L, Boivin M, Séguin JR, et al. Article PubMed Google Scholar American Academy of Pediatrics. Article PubMed Google Scholar Galloway AT, Fiorito LM, Francis LA, Birch LL. Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Patton S, Dolan L, Powers S.
Article PubMed Google Scholar Johnson SL, Birch LL. PubMed CAS Google Scholar Keller K, Pietrobelli A, Johnson S, Faith M.
Article CAS Google Scholar Birch LL, Fisher JO, Davison KK. Article PubMed PubMed Central CAS Google Scholar Fisher J, Birch L. Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar Birch L, Birch D, Marlin D, Kramer L. Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar Birch L, Marlin D, Rotter J.
Article Google Scholar Hughes S, Power T, Fisher J, Mueller S, Nicklas T. Article PubMed Google Scholar Fisher J, Mitchell D, Smiciklas-Wright H, Birch L. Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Birch L, Fisher J, Grimm-Thomas K, Markey CN, Sawyer R, Johnson SL.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar Sherman J, Alexander M, Clark L, Dean A, Welter L. Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar Patrick H, Nicklas T. Article PubMed Google Scholar Dev DA, McBride BA. Article PubMed Google Scholar Dev DA, Speirs KE, McBride BA, Donovan SM, Chapman-Novakofski K.
Article Google Scholar Elford L, Brown A. Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar Musher-Eizenman D, Holub S. Article PubMed Google Scholar Freedman MR, Alvarez KP. Article PubMed Google Scholar Vaughn AE, Ward DS, Fisher JO, Faith MS, Hughes SO, Kremers SPJ, et al.
Article PubMed Google Scholar Schmitt N, Kuljanin G. Article Google Scholar Gubbels JS, Sleddens EF, Raaijmakers LC, Gies JM, Kremers SP. Article PubMed Google Scholar Ward DS, Mazzucca S, McWilliams C, Hales D. Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Fallon M, Halloran K, Gorman K, Ward D, Greene G, Tovar A.
Article PubMed Google Scholar Anundson K, Sisson SB, Anderson M, Horm D, Soto J, Hoffman L. Article PubMed Google Scholar Song WO, Song S, Nieves V, Gonzalez A, Crockett ET, Larson A, et al.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Sharma S, Dortch KS, Byrd-Williams C, Truxillio JB, Rahman GA, Bonsu P, et al. Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Swindle TM, Ward WL, Bokony P, Whiteside-Mansell L.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Benjamin SE, Ammerman A, Sommers J, Dodds J, Neelon B, Ward DS. Article PubMed Google Scholar Seward K, Wolfenden L, Wiggers J, Finch M, Wyse R, Oldmeadow C, et al. Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Copeland KA, Sherman SN, Khoury JC, Foster KE, Saelens BE, Kalkwarf HJ.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Falbe J, Kenney EL, Henderson KE, Schwartz MB. Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Sigman-Grant M, Christiansen E, Branen L, Fletcher J, Johnson SL. Article PubMed Google Scholar Swindle TM, Patterson Z, Boden CJ.
Article Google Scholar Staub E. Article Google Scholar Grusec JE, Saas-Kortsaak P, Simutis ZM. Article Google Scholar DeVellis RF. Google Scholar Davis AM, Canter KS, Stough CO, Gillette MD, Patton S. Article PubMed Google Scholar Hendy HM, Williams KE, Camise TS, Eckman N, Hedemann A.
Article PubMed Google Scholar Muthen BO, Muthen LK. Mplus Version 7. Article PubMed Google Scholar Horn J.
Article PubMed CAS Google Scholar Allison PD. Google Scholar Tavakol M, Dennick R. Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Streiner DL. Article PubMed Google Scholar Benjamin Neelon SE, Briley ME.
Article PubMed Google Scholar Ammerman A, Ward D, Benjamin S, Ball S. PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Fletcher J, Branen L, Price B, Matthews S.
Strztegies Mealtime strategies help children know what to expect when Mfaltime is time for Mealtume or snacks. For more information, watch these videos from 1, Days. Ready to feed your 6 to 24 month old? Mealtime can be a messy and fun learning experience. Your child may have about 3 meals and 2 to 3 snacks every day.
0 thoughts on “Mealtime strategies”