Transport function and regulation of mitochondrial uncoupling proteins 2 and 3. Sanchis, D. BMCP1, a novel mitochondrial carrier with high expression in the central nervous system of humans and rodents, and respiration uncoupling activity in recombinant yeast.

Mao, W. UCP4, a novel brain-specific mitochondrial protein that reduces membrane potential in mammalian cells. Tissue-dependent upregulation of rat uncoupling protein-2 expression in response to fasting or cold.

Article ADS PubMed Google Scholar. Weigle, D. Elevated free fatty acids induce uncoupling protein 3 expression in muscle: a potential explanation for the effect of fasting. Diabetes 47 , — Prusiner, S. Oxidative metabolism in cells isolated from brown adipose tissue.

Catecholamine regulated respiratory control. Bukowiecki, L. Metabolic relationships between lipolysis and respiration in rat brown adipocytes. The role of long chain fatty acids as regulators of mitochondrial respiration and feedback inhibitors of lipolysis. Jezek, P. Fatty acid cycling mechanism and mitochondrial uncoupling proteins.

Arch, J. Atypical β-adrenoceptor on brown adipocytes as target for anti-obesity drugs. Strosberg, A. Function and regulation of the beta 3-adrenoceptor. Trends Pharmacol. Susulic, V. Targeted disruption of the beta 3-adrenergic receptor gene.

Champigny, O. Beta 3-adrenergic receptor stimulation restores message and expression of brown-fat mitochondrial uncoupling protein in adult dogs. Natl Acad. USA 88 , — Article ADS CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar. Fisher, M. A selective human beta3 adrenergic receptor agonist increases metabolic rate in rhesus monkeys.

Garruti, G. Analysis of uncoupling protein and its mRNA in adipose tissue deposits of adult humans. Effect of CL,, a thermogenic beta 3-agonist, on energy balance and brown and white adipose tissues in rats.

Collins, S. Strain-specific response to beta 3-adrenergic receptor agonist treatment of diet-induced obesity in mice. Guerra, C. Emergence of brown adipocytes in white fat in mice is under genetic control. Effects on body weight and adiposity. Role of leptin in fat regulation. Nature , Haynes, W.

Receptor-mediated regional sympathetic nerve activation by leptin. Scarpace, P. Leptin increases uncoupling protein expression and energy expenditure. Satoh, N. Satiety effect and sympathetic activation of leptin are mediated by hypothalamic melanocortin system. Cusin, I. Chronic central leptin infusion enhances insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism and favors the expression of uncoupling proteins.

Effects of fasting and refeeding on the level of uncoupling protein mRNA in rat brown adipose tissue: evidence for diet-induced and cold-induced responses. Lowell, B. Development of obesity in transgenic mice after genetic ablation of brown adipose tissue. Melnyk, A. Temperature-dependent feeding: lack of role for leptin and defect in brown adipose tissue-ablated obese mice.

Ravussin, E. Reduced rate of energy expenditure as a risk factor for body-weight gain. Roberts, S. Energy expenditure and intake in infants born to lean and overweight mothers.

Zurlo, F. Skeletal muscle metabolism is a major determinant of resting energy expenditure. Simonsen, L. Thermogenic response to epinephrine in the forearm and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue. Gugneja, S. Nuclear respiratory factors 1 and 2 utilize similar glutamine-containing clusters of hydrophobic residues to activate transcription.

Virbasius, J. Activation of the human mitochondrial transcription factor A gene by nuclear respiratory factors: a potential regulatory link between nuclear and mitochondrial gene expression in organelle biogenesis.

USA 91 , — Villena, J. Demonacos, C. Mitochondrial genes as sites of primary action of steroid hormones. Steroids 61 , — Cassard-Doulcier, A.

Kozak, U. An upstream enhancer regulating brown-fat-specific expression of the mitochondrial uncoupling protein gene. Cummings, D. Genetically lean mice result from targeted disruption of the RII beta subunit of protein kinase A. Sears, I. Differentiation-dependent expression of the brown adipocyte uncoupling protein gene: regulation by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma.

Foellmi-Adams, L. Induction of uncoupling protein in brown adipose tissue. Synergy between norepinephrine and pioglitazone, an insulin-sensitizing agent.

Tai, T. Activation of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma promotes brown adipocyte differentiation. Brun, S. Activators of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha induce the expression of the uncoupling protein-3 gene in skeletal muscle: a potential mechanism for the lipid intake-dependent activation of uncoupling protein-3 gene expression at birth.

Diabetes 48 , — Aubert, J. Up-regulation of UCP-2 gene expression by PPAR agonists in preadipose and adipose cells. Puigserver, P. A cold-inducible coactivator of nuclear receptors linked to adaptive thermogenesis.

Cell 92 , — Wu, Z. Mechanisms controlling mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration through the thermogenic coactivator PGC Cell 98 , — Hosoi, Y.

Expression and regulation of type II iodothyronine deiodinase in cultured human skeletal muscle cells. Encke, D. Physiological approach to maturation of brown adipocytes in primary cell culture. Bartha, T. Porter, R. Chance, B. Mitchell, P. Keilin's respiratory chain concept and its chemiosmotic consequences.

Balaban, R. Regulation of oxidative phosphorylation in the mammalian cell. Hochachka, P. The metabolic implications of intracellular circulation. USA 96 , — McCormack, J. Role of calcium ions in regulation of mammalian intramitochondrial metabolism.

Brown, G. Control of respiration and ATP synthesis in mammalian mitochondria and cells. Block, B. Thermogenesis in muscle. O'Brien, J. Denborough, M. Malignant hyperthermia. Lancet , — Dumonteil, E. Download references. Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 99 Brookline Avenue, Boston, , Massachusetts, USA.

To arrive at the top five similar articles we use a word-weighted algorithm to compare words from the Title and Abstract of each citation. Hamann A , Münzberg H , Tafel J , Ziegler R. Dtsch Med Wochenschr , 9 , 01 Mar Cited by: 2 articles PMID: Kopecký J.

Sb Lek , 99 3 , 01 Jan Cohen P , Spiegelman BM. Diabetes , 64 7 , 07 Jun Cited by: articles PMID: PMCID: PMC Del Mar Gonzalez-Barroso M , Ricquier D , Cassard-Doulcier AM.

Obes Rev , 1 2 , 01 Oct Cited by: 56 articles PMID: van den Berg SA , van den Berg SA , van Marken Lichtenbelt W , Willems van Dijk K , Schrauwen P. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care , 14 3 , 01 May Cited by: 39 articles PMID: Contact us.

Europe PMC requires Javascript to function effectively. Recent Activity. Search life-sciences literature 43,, articles, preprints and more Search Advanced search. This website requires cookies, and the limited processing of your personal data in order to function.

By using the site you are agreeing to this as outlined in our privacy notice and cookie policy. Abstract Available from publisher site using DOI. A subscription may be required. Lowell BB 1 ,. Spiegelman BM. Affiliations 1. Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts , USA.

Authors Lowell BB 1. Share this article Share with email Share with twitter Share with linkedin Share with facebook. Abstract Obesity results when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure. Naturally occurring genetic mutations, as well as ablative lesions, have shown that the brain regulates both aspects of energy balance and that abnormalities in energy expenditure contribute to the development of obesity.

Energy can be expended by performing work or producing heat thermogenesis. Adaptive thermogenesis, or the regulated production of heat, is influenced by environmental temperature and diet.

Mitochondria, the organelles that convert food to carbon dioxide, water and ATP, are fundamental in mediating effects on energy dissipation. Recently, there have been significant advances in understanding the molecular regulation of energy expenditure in mitochondria and the mechanisms of transcriptional control of mitochondrial genes.

Here we explore these developments in relation to classical physiological views of adaptive thermogenesis. References Articles referenced by this article 93 Hart, J. Cold acclimation and the electromyogram of unanesthetized rats. Regulation of shivering and non-shivering heat production during acclimation of rats.

DAVIS TR , JOHNSTON DR , BELL FC , CREMER BJ Am J Physiol, MED: Tissue distribution of cold-induced thermogenesis in conscious warm- or cold-acclimated rats reevaluated from changes in tissue blood flow: the dominant role of brown adipose tissue in the replacement of shivering by nonshivering thermogenesis.

Foster DO , Frydman ML Can J Physiol Pharmacol, 3 MED: Influence of mild cold on 24 h energy expenditure, resting metabolism and diet-induced thermogenesis.

Dauncey MJ Br J Nutr, 2 MED: Changes in energy expenditure resulting from altered body weight. Leibel RL , Rosenbaum M , Hirsch J N Engl J Med, 10 MED: Expenditure and storage of energy in man.

Sims EA , Danforth E Jr J Clin Invest, 4 MED: Müller MJ, Bosy-Westphal A. Adaptive thermogenesis with weight loss in humans. Obesity Silver Spring. Dulloo AG. Physiology of weight regain: Lessons from the classic Minnesota Starvation Experiment on human body composition regulation.

Fothergill E, Guo J, Howard L, Kerns JC, Knuth ND, Brychta R, et al. Persistent metabolic adaptation 6 years after "The Biggest Loser" competition. Bosy-Westphal A, Schautz B, Lagerpusch M, Pourhassan M, Braun W, Goele K, et al.

Effect of weight loss and regain on adipose tissue distribution, composition of lean mass and resting energy expenditure in young overweight and obese adults. Gomez-Arbelaez D, Crujeiras AB, Castro AI, Martinez-Olmos MA, Canton A, Ordoñez-Mayan L, et al. Resting metabolic rate of obese patients under very low calorie ketogenic diet.

Nutr Metab Lond. Hopkins M, Gibbons C, Caudwell P, Hellstrom PM, Naslund E, King NA, et al. The adaptive metabolic response to exercise-induced weight loss influences both energy expenditure and energy intake. Eur J Clin Nutr. Marlatt KL, Redman LM, Burton JH, Martin CK, Ravussin E.

Persistence of weight loss and acquired behaviors 2 y after stopping a 2-y calorie restriction intervention. Am J Clin Nutr. Pourhassan M, Bosy-Westphal A, Schautz B, Braun W, Glüer CC, Müller MJ.

Impact of body composition during weight change on resting energy expenditure and homeostasis model assessment index in overweight nonsmoking adults. Nunes CL, Casanova N, Francisco R, Bosy-Westphal A, Hopkins M, Sardinha LB, et al. Does adaptive thermogenesis occur after weight loss in adults?

A systematic review. British Journal of Nutrition. Martins C, Gower B, Hill J, Hunter G. Metabolic adaptation is not a major barrier to weight-loss maintenance.

The American journal of clinical nutrition. View Article Google Scholar Doucet E, St-Pierre S, Alméras N, Després JP, Bouchard C, Tremblay A.

Evidence for the existence of adaptive thermogenesis during weight loss. Br J Nutr. Nymo S, Coutinho SR, Torgersen LH, Bomo OJ, Haugvaldstad I, Truby H, et al. Timeline of changes in adaptive physiological responses, at the level of energy expenditure, with progressive weight loss. Karl JP, Roberts SB, Schaefer EJ, Gleason JA, Fuss P, Rasmussen H, et al.

Effects of carbohydrate quantity and glycemic index on resting metabolic rate and body composition during weight loss. Maroofi M, Nasrollahzadeh J. Effect of intermittent versus continuous calorie restriction on body weight and cardiometabolic risk markers in subjects with overweight or obesity and mild-to-moderate hypertriglyceridemia: a randomized trial.

Lipids Health Dis. Peos JJ, Norton LE, Helms ER, Galpin AJ, Fournier P. Intermittent Dieting: Theoretical Considerations for the Athlete. Sports Basel. Peos JJ, Helms ER, Fournier PA, Sainsbury A.

Continuous versus intermittent moderate energy restriction for increased fat mass loss and fat free mass retention in adult athletes: protocol for a randomised controlled trial-the ICECAP trial Intermittent versus Continuous Energy restriction Compared in an Athlete Population.

BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med. Campbell BI, Aguilar D, Colenso-Semple LM, Hartke K, Fleming AR, Fox CD, et al. Intermittent Energy Restriction Attenuates the Loss of Fat Free Mass in Resistance Trained Individuals. A Randomized Controlled Trial.

J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. Sainsbury A, Wood R, Seimon R, Hills A, King N, Gibson A, et al. Rationale for novel intermittent dieting strategies to attenuate adaptive responses to energy restriction: Using energy balance to improve weight loss.

Byrne NM, Hills AP. Biology or Behavior: Which Is the Strongest Contributor to Weight Gain? Current Obesity Reports. Greenway FL. Physiological adaptations to weight loss and factors favouring weight regain. Silva AM, Júdice PB, Carraça EV, King N, Teixeira PJ, Sardinha LB.

Wing RR, Jeffery RW. Prescribed "breaks" as a means to disrupt weight control efforts. Obes Res. Arguin H, Dionne IJ, Senechal M, Bouchard DR, Carpentier AC, Ardilouze JL, et al. Short- and long-term effects of continuous versus intermittent restrictive diet approaches on body composition and the metabolic profile in overweight and obese postmenopausal women: a pilot study.

Davoodi SH, Ajami M, Ayatollahi SA, Dowlatshahi K, Javedan G, Pazoki-Toroudi HR. Calorie shifting diet versus calorie restriction diet: a comparative clinical trial study.

Int J Prev Med. Keogh JB, Pedersen E, Petersen KS, Clifton PM. Effects of intermittent compared to continuous energy restriction on short-term weight loss and long-term weight loss maintenance.

Clin Obes. Coutinho SR, Halset EH, Gåsbakk S, Rehfeld JF, Kulseng B, Truby H, et al. Compensatory mechanisms activated with intermittent energy restriction: A randomized control trial. Clin Nutr. World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects.

Tenth edition. Riebe D, Ehrman JK, Liguori G, Magal M, editors. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer; Hall KD, Heymsfield SB, Kemnitz JW, Klein S, Schoeller DA, Speakman JR. Energy balance and its components: implications for body weight regulation.

Energy balance and obesity. de Jonge L, Bray GA, Smith SR, Ryan DH, de Souza RJ, Loria CM, et al. Effect of diet composition and weight loss on resting energy expenditure in the POUNDS LOST study.

Pieper C, Redman L, Racette S, Roberts S, Bhapkar M, Rochon J, et al. Development of adherence metrics for caloric restriction interventions. Clin Trials. Martins C, Roekenes J, Gower BA, Hunter GR. Metabolic adaptation is associated with less weight and fat mass loss in response to low-energy diets.

Lee PH, Macfarlane DJ, Lam TH, Stewart SM. Validity of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form IPAQ-SF : a systematic review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. Ndahimana D, Kim EK. Measurement Methods for Physical Activity and Energy Expenditure: a Review.

Clin Nutr Res. Davis C, Bryan J, Hodgson J, Murphy K. Definition of the Mediterranean Diet; a Literature Review. Vuorinen AL, Helander E, Pietilä J, Korhonen I. Frequency of Self-Weighing and Weight Change: Cohort Study With 10, Smart Scale Users.

J Med Internet Res. Steinberg DM, Bennett GG, Askew S, Tate DF. Weighing every day matters: daily weighing improves weight loss and adoption of weight control behaviors. J Acad Nutr Diet.

Burrows TL, Ho YY, Rollo ME, Collins CE. Validity of Dietary Assessment Methods When Compared to the Method of Doubly Labeled Water: A Systematic Review in Adults.

Front Endocrinol Lausanne. Racette SB, Das SK, Bhapkar M, Hadley EC, Roberts SB, Ravussin E, et al. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. Rosenbaum M, Ravussin E, Matthews DE, Gilker C, Ferraro R, Heymsfield SB, et al. A comparative study of different means of assessing long-term energy expenditure in humans.

Am J Physiol. Guedes D. Clinical procedures used for analysis of the body composition. Fidilio E, Comas M, Giribés M, Cárdenas G, Vilallonga R, Palma F, et al. Evaluation of Resting Energy Expenditure in Subjects with Severe Obesity and Its Evolution After Bariatric Surgery.

Obes Surg. Norton K. Standards for Anthropometry Assessment. Weir CB, Jan A. BMI Classification Percentile And Cut Off Points. Treasure Island FL : StatPearls Publishing Copyright © , StatPearls Publishing LLC. Park YW, Heymsfield SB, Gallagher D. Are dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry regional estimates associated with visceral adipose tissue mass?

International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders: journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity. Silva AM, Nunes CL, Matias CN, Jesus F, Francisco R, Cardoso M, et al. Toselli S, Badicu G, Bragonzoni L, Spiga F, Mazzuca P, Campa F.

Comparison of the Effect of Different Resistance Training Frequencies on Phase Angle and Handgrip Strength in Obese Women: a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Int J Environ Res Public Health. Lange E, Głąbska D, Włodarek D. Advances in Science and Technology—Research Journal. Nieman DC, Austin MD, Benezra L, Pearce S, McInnis T, Unick J, et al. Res Sports Med. Fullmer S, Benson-Davies S, Earthman CP, Frankenfield DC, Gradwell E, Lee PS, et al. Evidence analysis library review of best practices for performing indirect calorimetry in healthy and non-critically ill individuals.

Borges JH, Guerra-Júnior G, Gonçalves EM. Methods for data analysis of resting energy expenditure measured using indirect calorimetry. Nunes CL, Jesus F, Francisco R, Matias CN, Heo M, Heymsfield SB, et al.

Adaptive thermogenesis after moderate weight loss: magnitude and methodological issues. Eur J Nutr. Sasaki JE, John D, Freedson PS.

Puigserver, P. A cold-inducible coactivator of nuclear receptors linked to adaptive thermogenesis. Cell 92 , — Wu, Z. Mechanisms controlling mitochondrial biogenesis and respiration through the thermogenic coactivator PGC Cell 98 , — Hosoi, Y.

Expression and regulation of type II iodothyronine deiodinase in cultured human skeletal muscle cells. Encke, D. Physiological approach to maturation of brown adipocytes in primary cell culture.

Bartha, T. Porter, R. Chance, B. Mitchell, P. Keilin's respiratory chain concept and its chemiosmotic consequences. Balaban, R. Regulation of oxidative phosphorylation in the mammalian cell.

Hochachka, P. The metabolic implications of intracellular circulation. USA 96 , — McCormack, J. Role of calcium ions in regulation of mammalian intramitochondrial metabolism. Brown, G. Control of respiration and ATP synthesis in mammalian mitochondria and cells.

Block, B. Thermogenesis in muscle. O'Brien, J. Denborough, M. Malignant hyperthermia. Lancet , — Dumonteil, E. Download references. Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 99 Brookline Avenue, Boston, , Massachusetts, USA.

Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, One Jimmy Fund Way, Smith Building , Boston, , Massachusetts, USA. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar.

Correspondence to Bradford B. Lowell or Bruce M. Reprints and permissions. Towards a molecular understanding of adaptive thermogenesis. Download citation. Issue Date : 06 April Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:.

Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines.

If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate. Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily. Skip to main content Thank you for visiting nature. nature review articles article. Abstract Obesity results when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure.

Access through your institution. Buy or subscribe. Change institution. Learn more. Figure 1: Thermodynamic perspective of energy expenditure.

Figure 2: Mitochondrial energy metabolism. Figure 3: Coupling of reactions in energy metabolism. Figure 4. Figure 5: Pathway for β-adrenergic activation of thermogenesis in brown adipocytes. References Hart, J. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Davis, T. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Foster, D.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Dauncey, M. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Blaxter, K. Google Scholar Leibel, R. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Sims, E.

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Shibata, H. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Levine, J. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Bouchard, C. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Kevonian, A. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Rothwell, N. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Landsberg, L.

Article ADS CAS PubMed Google Scholar Elmquist, J. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Himms-Hagen, J. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar al-Adsani, H. CAS PubMed Google Scholar Brand, M. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Silva, J.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Almeida, N. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Ahima, R. Article ADS CAS PubMed Google Scholar Legradi, G.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Rolfe, D. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Kadenbach, B. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Kozak, L. Article Google Scholar Nicholls, D.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Klingenberg, M. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Enerback, S. Article ADS CAS PubMed Google Scholar Fleury, C. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Gimeno, R. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Boss, O. Article ADS CAS PubMed Google Scholar Vidal-Puig, A. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Gong, D.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Hinz, W. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Zhang, C. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Jaburek, M. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Sanchis, D. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Mao, W. Article ADS PubMed Google Scholar Weigle, D.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Prusiner, S. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Bukowiecki, L. CAS PubMed Google Scholar Jezek, P. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Arch, J. Article ADS CAS PubMed Google Scholar Strosberg, A. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Susulic, V.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Champigny, O. Article ADS CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Fisher, M. Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Garruti, G. CAS PubMed Google Scholar Himms-Hagen, J.

CAS PubMed Google Scholar Collins, S. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Guerra, C. Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Collins, S. Article ADS CAS PubMed Google Scholar Haynes, W. Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Scarpace, P.

CAS PubMed Google Scholar Satoh, N. CAS PubMed Google Scholar Cusin, I. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Lowell, B. Article ADS CAS PubMed Google Scholar Melnyk, A. CAS PubMed Google Scholar Ravussin, E. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Roberts, S.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Zurlo, F. Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Simonsen, L. CAS PubMed Google Scholar Gugneja, S. A systematic review. Br J Nutr. Nymo S, Coutinho SR, Torgersen LH, Bomo OJ, Haugvaldstad I, Truby H, et al. Timeline of changes in adaptive physiological responses, at the level of energy expenditure, with progressive weight loss.

Westerterp KR. Diet induced thermogenesis. Nutr Metab. Miles-Chan JL, Dulloo AG, Schutz Y. Fasting substrate oxidation at rest assessed by indirect calorimetry: is prior dietary macronutrient level and composition a confounder?

Int J Obes. Verboeket-van de Venne WPHG, Westerterp KR, Hemans-Limpens TJFMS, De Graaf C, Van Het Hof KH, Weststrate JA. Long-term effects of consumption of full-fat or reduced-fat products in healthy non-obese volunteers: Assessment of energy expenditure and substrate oxidation.

Verboeket-van de Venne WPHG, Westerterp KR. Influence of the feeding frequency on nutrient utilization in man: Consequences for energy metabolism. Eur J Clin Nutr.

CAS PubMed Google Scholar. Nunes CL, Jesus F, Francisco R, Matias CN, Heo M, Heymsfield SB, et al. Adaptive thermogenesis after moderate weight loss: magnitude and methodological issues. Eur J Nutr. Download references. Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism NUTRIM , Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box , MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.

You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Correspondence to Klaas R. Reprints and permissions. Westerterp, K. Adaptive thermogenesis during energy deficits: a different explanation.

Eur J Clin Nutr 76 , — Download citation. Received : 24 November Revised : 03 February Accepted : 16 February Published : 11 March Issue Date : September Search life-sciences literature 43,, articles, preprints and more Search Advanced search.

This website requires cookies, and the limited processing of your personal data in order to function. By using the site you are agreeing to this as outlined in our privacy notice and cookie policy.

Abstract Available from publisher site using DOI. A subscription may be required. Lowell BB 1 ,. Spiegelman BM. Affiliations 1. Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts , USA.

Authors Lowell BB 1. Share this article Share with email Share with twitter Share with linkedin Share with facebook. Abstract Obesity results when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure.

Naturally occurring genetic mutations, as well as ablative lesions, have shown that the brain regulates both aspects of energy balance and that abnormalities in energy expenditure contribute to the development of obesity. Energy can be expended by performing work or producing heat thermogenesis.

Adaptive thermogenesis, or the regulated production of heat, is influenced by environmental temperature and diet. Mitochondria, the organelles that convert food to carbon dioxide, water and ATP, are fundamental in mediating effects on energy dissipation.

Recently, there have been significant advances in understanding the molecular regulation of energy expenditure in mitochondria and the mechanisms of transcriptional control of mitochondrial genes. Here we explore these developments in relation to classical physiological views of adaptive thermogenesis.

References Articles referenced by this article 93 Hart, J. Cold acclimation and the electromyogram of unanesthetized rats. Regulation of shivering and non-shivering heat production during acclimation of rats.

DAVIS TR , JOHNSTON DR , BELL FC , CREMER BJ Am J Physiol, MED: Tissue distribution of cold-induced thermogenesis in conscious warm- or cold-acclimated rats reevaluated from changes in tissue blood flow: the dominant role of brown adipose tissue in the replacement of shivering by nonshivering thermogenesis.

Foster DO , Frydman ML Can J Physiol Pharmacol, 3 MED: Influence of mild cold on 24 h energy expenditure, resting metabolism and diet-induced thermogenesis. Dauncey MJ Br J Nutr, 2 MED: Changes in energy expenditure resulting from altered body weight.

Leibel RL , Rosenbaum M , Hirsch J N Engl J Med, 10 MED: Expenditure and storage of energy in man. Sims EA , Danforth E Jr J Clin Invest, 4 MED: Regulatory alterations of daily energy expenditure induced by fasting or overfeeding in unrestrained rats. Shibata H , Bukowiecki LJ J Appl Physiol , 2 MED: Role of nonexercise activity thermogenesis in resistance to fat gain in humans.

Levine JA , Eberhardt NL , Jensen MD Science, MED: The response to long-term overfeeding in identical twins. Bouchard C , Tremblay A , Despres JP , Nadeau A , Lupien PJ , Theriault G , Dussault J , Moorjani S , Pinault S , Fournier G N Engl J Med, 21 MED: Show 10 more references 10 of Smart citations by scite.

ai include citation statements extracted from the full text of the citing article. The number of the statements may be higher than the number of citations provided by EuropePMC if one paper cites another multiple times or lower if scite has not yet processed some of the citing articles. Explore citation contexts and check if this article has been supported or disputed.

Temperature Differences Between Controlled Primary Hypothyroidism and Healthy Patients: An Exploratory Study. Romero-Ibarguengoitia ME , Garza-Silva A , Rivera-Cavazos A , Morales-Rodriguez DP , González-Peña OI , Barco-Flores IA , Manilla-Muñoz E , Villarreal-Leal E , González-Cantú A J Endocr Soc , 8 2 :bvad, 02 Jan Cited by: 0 articles PMID: PMCID: PMC Articles in the Open Access Subset are available under a Creative Commons license.

Unraveling the complex roles of macrophages in obese adipose tissue: an overview. Peng C , Chen J , Wu R , Jiang H , Li J Front Med , 02 Jan Cited by: 0 articles PMID: Review. The Emerging Role of SIRT7 in Glucose and Lipid Metabolism. Yamagata K , Mizumoto T , Yoshizawa T Cells , 13 1 , 25 Dec Cited by: 0 articles PMID: PMCID: PMC Review Articles in the Open Access Subset are available under a Creative Commons license.

Maternal thyroid hormone receptor β activation in mice sparks brown fat thermogenesis in the offspring.