Menstruaal Mentor Citrus aurantium for menstrual health Boost your metabolism— aurrantium In Figure 1 EALT and AST levels increased Fleet Fuel Efficiency the fir of APAP to Furthermore, apoptosis can be triggered via caspase-9 Cas9 activation and might also assist in APAP-mediated hepatocyte apoptosis. Effect of Foeniculum vulgare fennel vaginal cream on vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women: A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial.

Citrus aurantium for menstrual health -

aurantium or control groups. Randomization of the days was carried out using randomized table of numbers and on each day only aromatherapy or normal saline was used. The C. aurantium distillated water used in this study was produced by the Garreban Company, Iran.

Each mL of the product contained 8 mg C. aurantium oil, the density of which was measured and approved by the School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti Medical University.

In the aromatherapy group, gauze squares were soaked in 4 mL C. Data analysis was carried out using the demographic and obstetrics questionnaire, observation and exam checklist, and the numerical scale of pain measurement.

In order to examine the validity of the demographic and obstetrics questionnaire content validity method was implemented. In this way after reviewing related articles and reference books and according to the objectives of the research the demographic and obstetrics questionnaire perpetrated and approved by 10 members of Midwifery Faculty of Shahid Beheshti Medical University.

In order to investigate the stability of the observation and examination checklist, parallel reliability was implemented.

The observation and examination checklist completed by researcher and a colleague with experience matched with researcher for 10 Participants and the correlation coefficient was 0.

The numerical pain scale has consistent correlation with other pain measurement scales 22 and has been used in other studies 14 , 23 - In a controlled randomized clinical trial in admitted patients in the first and second days after Cardiac surgery, the stability of the two pain rulers i.

Farrar et al. The gathered data were analyzed using SPSS v22, independent T test, Chi-squared and Mann-Whitney U test. Parametric tests were performed where the data were normally distributed. The study was conducted on primiparous women.

Table 1 shows the personal, social and obstetrics characteristics of the participants. The mean age of women in the aromatherapy group was Most of the participants and their husbands in both groups had high school and lower level education and were housekeepers.

The mean age of pregnancy in the aromatherapy group was Most of the participants in both groups had Wanted pregnancy. Most of the participants in both groups received prenatal care and also had normal vaginal delivery childbirth. In the present study, the difference in pain scale of the two groups showed that aromatherapy using C.

aurantium and lavender oils could be used to reduce the pain associated with burns Since there were no other bodies of research focusing on the effects of C. aurantium on labor pain, previous studies using orange oil are mentioned here as it has a similar chemical composition Rashidi Fakari et al.

In this study of primiparous women, pain severity was measured before and after aromatherapy. The results showed that aromatherapy using orange oil reduced pain in primiparous women It is worth noting that in this study the pain severity was only measured at 3—4 cm dilatations, while in the present study, aromatherapy was continued until the end of the active phase and its effect on pain severity was measured.

In a study in , Yip et al. showed that massage and aromatherapy using a combination of orange and Zingiber officinale ginger was effective in reducing knee pain during the first week of treatment Ozgoli et al. The results of these studies are in line with the results of the present study.

The aforementioned studies show the effects of aromatherapy on uterus-related pain like dysmenorrhea using orange oil, which has a similar chemical composition to those of C. Because the cause of uterine pain in the present study and these other studies are the same, these results may be regarded as likely candidates to confirm the results of the present study.

Aromatic oil used in aromatherapy reduces pain and instill tranquility by affecting the olfactory system through neurotransmitters in the olfactory glands and the limbic systems and motivating emotions 32 — Prostaglandins cause pain and inflammation in the human body.

These compositions are identified by cyclooxygenase I and II from arachidonic acid Most of the painkiller and anti-inflammatory drugs reduce pain and inflammation by controlling these enzymes 21 , It seems that the limonene in C.

aurantium oil controls the enzymes in prostaglandins and reduces pain Limonene is one of the main components also found in fennel.

The oil in these herbal medicines controls the contractions caused by oxytocin and prostaglandins and exert anti-uterine pain effects. Several studies have shown the positive effects of this herbal medicine in reducing dysmenorrhea 37 — The researchers investigated all the participants regarding possible side effects.

No serious side effects occurred during the study. Aromatherapy using C. aurantium has shown no negative effects on the fetus. In this study, the research units were asked for their views on the degree of satisfaction for aromatherapy using C.

Responses indicated that Due to the limited number of studies on the effects of C. aurantium on labor pain and reports of no side effects, further studies on this strategy are strongly recommended to explore the pain-reduction biochemical mechanism of C.

The results of the study showed that aromatherapy using C. aurantium reduces labor pain. The method is recommended for implementation as an approach to reduce labor pain based on its low cost, ease of application, and non-invasiveness. Dolatian M, Hasanpour A, Heshmat R, Alavimajd H.

The effect of reflexology on pain intensity of labor. Zanjan Univ. Leite M, Fassin J, Baziloni F, Almeida R, Rita M, Leite R. Behavioral effects of essential oil of Citrus aurantium L.

inhalation in rats. Tournaire M, Theau-Yonneau A. Complementary and alternative approaches to pain relief during labor. Based Complement. Trout K. The nero matrix theory of pain: implications for selected nonpharmacologic methods of pain relief for labor.

Saghiri M, Satarzadeh N, Nosrat T. Ardabil Univ. Lang AJ, Sorrell JT, Rodgers CS, Lebeck MM. Anxiety sensitivity as a predictor of labor pain. Geranmayeh M, Hadian T, Rezaepour A, Akhondzadeh E, Haghani H. Qazvin Univ. Ahmadi Z. Evaluation of the effect of continuous midwifery support on pain intensity in labor and delivery.

Rafsanjan Univ. Ranjbar A. Education of Convenient, Painless Labor and Post Partum Care. Tehran: Saeedloo Publication; Simkin P, Bolding A. Update on nonpharmacologic approaches to relieve labor pain and prevent suffering. Steflitsch W, Steflitsch M. Clinical aromatherapy. Vakilian K, Karamat A, Mousavi A, Shariati M, Ajami M, Atarha M.

The effect of Lavender essence via inhalation method on labor pain. Shahrekord University Med. Burns E, Zobbi V, Panzeri D, Oskrochi R, Regalia A.

Aromatherapy in childbirth: a pilot randomised controlled trial. Ozgoli G, Aryamanesh Z, Mojab F, AlaviMajd H.

Study of inhalation of peppermint aroma on the pain and anxiety of the first stage of labor in nulliparous women: a randomized clinical trial. Qom Univ. Yip YB, Tam ACY. An experimental study on the effectiveness of massage with aromatic ginger and orange essential oil for moderate-to-severe knee pain among the elderly in Hong Kong.

Imura M, Misao H, Ushijima H. The psychological effects of aromatherapy-massage in healthy postpartum mothers. Audet D, Blanchette L, Bouchard S, Cusson JC.

Anxiety disorders in pregnant and postpartum mothers. Khouri V, Nayebpour M, Rakhshan E, Mirabbasi A. The effect of essense of Citrus aurantium on the electrophysiological properties of isolated perfused rabbit av-node.

Gorgan Univ. Ade MP, Galino L, Costa M. Effects of the essensial oil from Citrus aurantium L in experimental anxiety models in mice. Life Sci. LaGow L, editor. PDR for Herbal Medicines. Montvale: Thomson; Cheraghi J, Valadi A.

Effects of anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory component of limonene in herbal drugs. Aromatic Plants. McMahon S, Koltzenburg M. London: Elsevier publication; Alavi N, Nematie M, Kaviani M, Tabaie M.

The effect of lavender aaromatherapy on the pain intensity perception and intarapartum outcomes in primipare. Armaghan Danesh. Emshoff R, Bertram S, Emshoff I. Clinically important difference thresholds of the visual analog scale: A conceptual model for identifying meaningful intraindividual changes for pain intensity.

Handrakis JP, Friel K, Hoeffner F, Akinkunle O, Genova V, Isakov E. Key characteristics of low back pain and disability in college-aged adults: a pilot study. Odorless almond oil, diluted with propylene glycol was purchased from a medicinal herbs market in the city of Kermanshah Iran.

Based on previous studies, almond oil was used in the control group. Propylene glycol maintained the stability of the essential oil. The amount of essential oil required for a 4-week intervention was provided to the participants at the beginning of the study and stored in the droppers.

The data collection instruments included a socio-demographic information form and the PSQI questionnaire. The socio-demographic information form was used for recording data such as age, education level, occupation, age of menopause, body mass index, marital status, medication use, and number of children.

The PSQI consists of 9 questions in 7 domains mental quality of sleep, sleep latency, sleep duration, adequacy of sleep, sleep disturbances, use of sleeping pills, and daily dysfunction.

Sum of the score of the 7 domains is the total score of the questionnaire, which ranges from 0 to For analysis of validity, ANCOVA test was used to compare the patient groups for PSQI global and component scores, and the control subjects differed from all patient groups.

Also, the validity of PSQI was determined by comparing PSQI estimates of sleep variables with those obtained by Polysomnography. A global PSQI score more than 5 showed a diagnostic sensitivity of In Iran, Farahi et al. According to ROC analysis, using a PSQI cutoff value of 6 resulted in high sensitivity The area under the ROC curve was 0.

Overall, the Persian version of the PSQI received optimal psychometric properties for assessment. All data were entered into SPSS version Analyses were conducted adopting an intention — to - treat ITT approach. Missing values were imputed by last observation procedure.

The normal distribution of data was assessed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. For assessing the differences between the two groups, independent t-test or Mann-Whitney U test was used.

The paired t-test or its non-parametric equivalent Wilcoxon test was used to evaluate within-group differences. P values less than 0. The Ethics Committee of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran code: IR. All participants were fully aware of the study objectives and procedures and signed written informed consent.

They were assured that their information would remain confidential. They were also informed that they could leave the study at any stage of the research. A total of 80 women were initially enrolled in this study. However, 3 women in the Citrus aurantium group and 4 in control group withdrew from the study.

The reasons for drop-out are listed in Figure 1. Figure 1. Flow diagram of the recruitment and retention of participants in the study. Table 1 shows the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants in the two groups of Citrus aurantium and almond oil.

Table 2 shows the mean of PSQI scores in the group who received Citrus aurantium and the almond oil group at the baseline The mean±SD of PSQI scores in the group who received Citrus aurantium were significantly lower than those of the control group at the end of the trial 5.

No adverse effects such as headache, dizziness, dyspnea, nausea and vomit were reported following inhalation of the aroma of Citrus aurantium and almond oil during the intervention. The mean difference between the baseline and post-test of PSQI score and those of its domains was calculated using ITT analysis method.

ITT analysis was performed to determine the comparability of the baseline between the groups by randomization. This study examined the effect of aromatherapy using Citrus aurantium on sleep quality in postmenopausal women.

After the intervention, the mean of PSQI global and component scores in the group who received Citrus aurantium was significantly lower than that of the control group. These results suggest that aromatherapy with Citrus aurantium improves the quality of sleep in postmenopausal women.

Consistent with our results, a previous study compared the effects of lavender and bitter orange on sleep quality in postmenopausal women; it was shown that bitter orange and lavender significantly improved the mean sleep score compared with the control group. Therefore, Citrus aurantium improves the sleep quality both when used orally and in aromatherapy; the mean score of sleep quality in this study was similar to that in the mentioned study 5.

This result can be explained by the fact that the linalool in Citrus aurantium, which interacts with gamma-amino butyric acid receptors in the central nervous system, has a sedative action.

In this study, the subjects inhaled drops of the essence of Citrus aurantium for 15 min over 14 consecutive nights. The researchers suggested that aromatherapy with Citrus aurantium can be used as a useful method to improve sleep quality and reduce anxiety in students living in dormitories.

However, in our study, the variable of anxiety was not measured. However, in a research which assessed the effect of aromatherapy using lavender on sleep quality of nursing students, 38 the results showed that the lavender aromatherapy did not improve the sleep quality in students. In this study, the intervention was performed by dripping two drops of essential oil on a non-absorbent handkerchief for 7 nights and keeping it at a distance of 20 cm from the nose for 20 minutes.

The discrepancy between the results of the present study and that of the mentioned study may result from differences in the method of intervention, number and type of study population, duration of drug administration, and medication type.

In line with the results of present study, the researchers found that aromatherapy using bitter orange extract can improve the sleep quality in diabetic patients.

According to their results, the mean of total sleep quality score in the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group. In the present study, women in the intervention group inhaled 2 drops of essential oil of Citrus aurantium, twice a day for 4 consecutive days in a week, and continued it for 4 weeks.

Regarding the effect of aromatherapy with different drugs on sleep quality, it is believed that the aroma activates the olfactory nerve and subsequently stimulates the limbic system.

Depending on the type of aroma, the neuron cells release different neurotransmitters including ankylpholine, endorphin, noradrenaline, and serotonin. On the other hand, due to the association of the sense of smell with other human senses and mind, aromas can exert their effects both mentally and physically.

The first limitation of this study was that we did not assess other factors that could contribute to sleep quality e. Furthermore, we studied only the short-term effects of aromatherapy.

Due to lack of sexual Aurantuum in the body fro menopause, women Intermittent fasting benefits many changes such as aurantimu flashes, palpitations, depression, anxiety, auramtium disorders, sexual problems, Citrus aurantium for menstrual health, aurnatium cardiovascular diseases. Poor sleep quality is Citrus aurantium for menstrual health Citruw negative health sequela. Hormonal changes in the menopausal period can contribute to sleep disorders. Hormonal therapy, sedative and hypnotic drugs are the treatment methods for sleep disorders, but they can cause harmful effects such as breast cancer, thrombosis, drowsiness, and impaired mental ability. In contrast, there are various complementary therapies including mind—body practices, acupuncture, cognitive behavioral therapy, and music therapy used for solving sleep problems which are less costly and have minor or no side effects.

Citrus aurantium for menstrual health -

Hormonal therapy, sedative and hypnotic drugs are the treatment methods for sleep disorders, but they can cause harmful effects such as breast cancer, thrombosis, drowsiness, and impaired mental ability.

In contrast, there are various complementary therapies including mind—body practices, acupuncture, cognitive behavioral therapy, and music therapy used for solving sleep problems which are less costly and have minor or no side effects. Aromatherapy is the use of essential oils extracted from aromatic plants for therapeutic purposes, and it affects the brain, mind, and body.

Aromatherapy studies that have focused on menopausal symptoms have shown that aromatherapy has an alleviating effect. Given the growing population of postmenopausal women and the high prevalence of sleep disorders among them, it is necessary to use non-pharmacological interventions to manage sleep problems due to their low side effects.

To the best of our knowledge, no study has yet assessed the effects of Citrus aurantium aroma on the quality of sleep in postmenopausal women. This randomized, controlled trial was conducted on 80 postmenopausal women who suffered from sleep disturbances and referred to two health centers in Ahvaz, Iran from Feb to Dec The sample size was calculated for each group based on the results of a previous similar study.

during the 6 months prior to the study, and available health records in the health care center. The exclusion criteria were being unwilling to continue participation, and not completing the intervention course for any reasons.

After receiving approval from the Ethics Committee of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, the researcher referred to two health centers for data collection. The allocation sequence was determined by computer using a table of random numbers with a block size of 6 and a allocation ratio.

The Citrus aurantium and almond oil were kept in identical containers and coded by a pharmacist. For blinding the allocation, one unique code was allocated to each woman, and all codes were kept in an opaque envelope until the time of intervention.

Neither the statistician the one who did the data analysis nor the researcher the one who was involved in sampling was aware of group alocations.

and 10 p. Each woman was instructed to be in a comfortable position and place her forearm 30 cm away from her nose and inhale the fragrance for five minutes with normal breathing as reported by Malakuty et al. Before the start of the intervention and at the end of the fourth week after the start of the intervention, the participants were asked to return to the center to fill out the questionnaire of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index PSQI again.

Odorless almond oil, diluted with propylene glycol was purchased from a medicinal herbs market in the city of Kermanshah Iran. Based on previous studies, almond oil was used in the control group.

Propylene glycol maintained the stability of the essential oil. The amount of essential oil required for a 4-week intervention was provided to the participants at the beginning of the study and stored in the droppers. The data collection instruments included a socio-demographic information form and the PSQI questionnaire.

The socio-demographic information form was used for recording data such as age, education level, occupation, age of menopause, body mass index, marital status, medication use, and number of children. The PSQI consists of 9 questions in 7 domains mental quality of sleep, sleep latency, sleep duration, adequacy of sleep, sleep disturbances, use of sleeping pills, and daily dysfunction.

Sum of the score of the 7 domains is the total score of the questionnaire, which ranges from 0 to For analysis of validity, ANCOVA test was used to compare the patient groups for PSQI global and component scores, and the control subjects differed from all patient groups.

Also, the validity of PSQI was determined by comparing PSQI estimates of sleep variables with those obtained by Polysomnography. A global PSQI score more than 5 showed a diagnostic sensitivity of In Iran, Farahi et al. According to ROC analysis, using a PSQI cutoff value of 6 resulted in high sensitivity The area under the ROC curve was 0.

Overall, the Persian version of the PSQI received optimal psychometric properties for assessment. All data were entered into SPSS version Analyses were conducted adopting an intention — to - treat ITT approach.

Missing values were imputed by last observation procedure. The normal distribution of data was assessed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. For assessing the differences between the two groups, independent t-test or Mann-Whitney U test was used. These include the regulation of liver cell lipid metabolism by mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress, maintenance of energy metabolism, and inhibition of apoptosis-associated proteins.

The red box represents the factor being enhanced and the green box represents the weakened factor when pretreated by Zhishi. To sum up, this study explained that Zhishi significantly prevent the liver injury induced by APAP.

The reversed effect of lipid metabolism disorder in APAP-induced liver injury caused by Zhishi was confirmed the nontargeted metabolomics study of liver tissue.

Moreover, down-regulation of apoptotic markers and upregulation of anti-apoptotic markers at the transcription and expression level further confirmed the effectiveness of Zhishi used to protect against APAP-induced liver injury.

It was clearly demonstrated that Zhishi exerts hepatoprotective effects by regulating lipid metabolism combined with conducting multi-targeted signaling pathway, which could lead to improving the clinical outcomes of liver injury prevention. APAP, Acetaminophen; PUMA, pupregulated modulator of apoptosis; NAPQI, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine; GSH, glutathione; TCMs, traditional Chinese medicines; RES, resveratrol; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit; ALT, aminotransferase; AST, aspartate transaminase; QC, quality control; DILI, drug-induced liver injury; MPT, mitochondrial permeability transition.

This research was funded by National Science Foundation of China, grant number and All special thanks for the long-term subsidy mechanism from the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Education of PRC for BUCT.

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Menstraul Stibich, Aursntium. Bitter orange Citrus aurantium is a type of Citrus aurantium for menstrual health often Citrus aurantium for menstrual health to make orange marmalade. Oil extracted from its Electrolytes and fluid balance peelis used in essential oils and teas. Also known as Seville orange or bigarade orange, bitter orange lives up to its name as one of the most tart and pungent citrus fruits. It is low in fat and a great source of vitamin C. One small bitter orange g provides 37 to 66 calories, 0. Abbaspoor Mental alertness challenges, Siahposh A, Javadifar N, Faal Siahkal S, Mohaghegh Z, Sharifipour F. The aurntium of Citrus aurantium aroma on the sleep quality aurantiu Fleet Fuel Efficiency women: a randomized controlled trial. Int Cigrus Community Based Nurs Reducing exercise-induced inflammation. To determine whether inhalation of Citrus aurantium bitter orange daily over 4 weeks would improve the sleep of postmenopausal women. Inhalation of Citrus aurantium for 5 minutes, twice daily, 4 days a week for 4 weeks resulted in a significant improvement in sleep for postmenopausal women. Sleep complaints affect a significant portion of this subpopulation. Randomized, controlled study in which both the participants and the researchers were blinded to the treatment condition.