BIA impedance-based assessment -
The measurement point in the BIVA nomogram Figure 3 in this patient is well below the line of normal BCM values long axis and above the line of normal TBW values short axis between the 75 th and the 95 th tolerance ellipse. The position of the measurement point in the lower right quadrant points to malnutrition.
Malnutrition in an obese COPD patient as illustrated in the BIVA nomogram. The position of the measurement point in the BIVA nomogram is below the line of normal BCM values long axis and above the line of normal TBW values short axis between the 75 th and 95 th tolerance ellipse.
The position in the lower right quadrant indicates malnutrition. The BIA parameter values listed in table 2 can be interpreted as follows: The fat mass lies above the normal range in line with the increased BMI.
BCM lies within the normal range. At first sight this does not fit in with the finding of the BIVA nomogram, which indicates malnutrition.
The fact that the calculated BCM is within the range of normal values here may be explained as follows: It needs to be considered that BCM is dependent on the patient's fluid status TBW. This means that a BCM within the normal range does not necessarily mean a normal nutritional status but may also be due to increased TBW.
This indicates that BCM is actually reduced. BCM therefore only appears to lie within the range of normal values because of the increased TBW. In contrast to this somewhat complex interpretation of the calculated BIA values, the suspected diagnosis of malnutrition can be established at a glance by BIVA.
In addition, it is confirmed that the calculated BCM is too high because of the increased TBW position of the measurement point in the BIVA nomogram above the line of normal TBW values. Conclusion: Despite the presence of obesity the patient is exhibiting malnutrition.
The position of the measurement point in the BIVA nomogram in the right lower quadrant between the 75 th and the 95 th tolerance ellipse provides an indication for the suspected diagnosis of malnutrition.
The measurement point in the BIVA nomogram Figure 4 in this patient is far below the line of normal BCM values long axis and well above the line of normal TBW values short axis , far outside the 95 th tolerance ellipse.
The position of the measurement point in the lower right quadrant points to malnutrition in the form of cachexia. Cachexia as illustrated in the BIVA nomogram.
The position of the measurement point in the BIVA nomogram is far below the line of normal BCM values long axis and well above the line of normal TBW values short axis far outside the 95 th tolerance ellipse.
The position in the lower right quadrant points to cachexia. The BIA parameter values listed in table 3 can be interpreted as follows: The fat mass lies below the normal range in line with the reduced BMI. The calculated values for BCM und TBW are reduced. It needs to be considered as regards the reduced BCM value that BCM is dependent on the patient's fluid status TBW.
This means that a reduced BCM does not necessarily point to malnutrition but may also be due to a low TBW. In this example also BIVA provides a more efficient assessment of the nutritional status than the calculated BIA parameters. Conclusion: All the values listed in the table are below the normal range and the measurement point in the BIVA nomogram is outside the 95 th tolerance ellipse in the lower right quadrant.
This indicates severe malnutrition in the form of cachexia. The assessment of the BIVA nomogram is sufficient for the suspected diagnosis of cachexia. The measurement point in the BIVA nomogram Figure 5 in this patient is above the line of normal BCM values long axis and well below the line of normal TBW values short axis on the 95 th tolerance ellipse.
The position of the measurement point in the lower left quadrant points to water retention in the form of oedema. Oedema due to right heart failure as illustrated in the BIVA nomogram. The position of the measurement point in the BIVA nomogram is above the line of normal BCM values long axis and well below the line of normal TBW values short axis on the 95 th tolerance ellipse.
The position in the lower left quadrant indicates the presence of increased water retention. The BIA parameter values listed in table 4 can be interpreted as follows: Body fat mass lies above the normal range in line with the increased BMI. The determined TBW is increased and the calculated BCM lies in the upper range of normal.
These findings are consistent with the position of the measurement point above the line of normal BCM values and below the line of normal TBW values in the lower left quadrant. With the derived normal BIA value for BCM it needs once again to be taken into account here that BCM is dependent on the patient's fluid status TBW.
This means that a BCM within the normal range does not necessarily indicate an actually normal BCM or normal nutritional status but may also appear normal due to an increased TBW.
In addition to the increased TBW, ECM is also markedly increased, indicating oedema. The suspicion of oedema is established at a glance with BIVA. BIVA confirms simply and rapidly the calculated BIA values BCM and TBW. The suspicion of oedema was confirmed on physical examination of the legs.
Conclusion: The values listed in the table for TBW and ECM are outside the normal range and the measurement point in the BIVA nomogram is on the 95 th tolerance ellipse in the lower left quadrant, indicating oedema.
The determined BCM is in the upper range of normal and the measurement point in the BIVA nomogram is above the line of normal BCM values. The position of the measurement point in the nomogram provides an indication for the suspected diagnosis of oedema.
For the general differential diagnosis of underweight we present a female patient with anorexia: female, The measurement point in the BIVA nomogram Figure 6 lies almost on the line of normal BCM values long axis and far above the line of normal TBW values short axis outside the 95 th tolerance ellipse.
The position of the measurement point in the upper right quadrant points to the presence of anorexia. Anorexia as illustrated in the BIVA nomogram. The position of the measurement point in the BIVA nomogram is almost on the line of normal BCM values long axis and far above the line of normal TBW values short axis outside the 95 th tolerance ellipse.
The position in the upper right quadrant points to the presence of anorexia. The BIA parameter values listed in table 5 can be interpreted as follows: Body fat mass is reduced in line with the low BMI. TBW is markedly reduced and BCM also is decreased. With the reduced BCM it needs to be kept in mind here that BCM is dependent on the patient's fluid status TBW.
This means that a lower BCM may also appear reduced due to a lower TBW. This indicates that BCM is normal and that the calculated value was too low only because of the low TBW. BIVA confirms the suspicion raised by the BIA values that the calculated BCM was too low because of the reduced TBW.
Again, the suspected diagnosis of anorexia can be established more efficiently and more reliably by BIVA. Conclusion: The patient exhibits a markedly reduced BMI, decreased body water and a normal BCM in the form of anorexia.
The position of the measurement point in the nomogram in the upper right quadrant outside the 95 th tolerance ellipse provides an indication for the suspected diagnosis of anorexia.
Bioelectrical impedance analysis BIA , particularly in combination with bioelectrical impedance vector analysis BIVA , provides a viable opportunity for evaluating body composition in humans. As the examples suggest the interpretation of BIA results is often complex and a suspected diagnosis can be established more efficiently and more reliably by integrating BIVA into the patient assessment process.
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Download references. Nutritional Consulting Practice, Emil-Schüller-Straße, Koblenz, , Germany. Pneumology Practice, Emil-Schüller-Straße, Koblenz, , Germany. KG, Binger Straße, Ingelheim, , Germany. Department of Pulmonary Disease, III. Medical Clinic, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstraße, Mainz, , Germany.
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Correspondence to Thomas Glaab. The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
TG and MMG were employees of Boehringer Ingelheim at the time of manuscript submission. AWK and TG conceived of the review, drafted and coordinated the manuscript.
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Book Springer, Caldarone, E. Nonlethal estimation of proximate composition in fish. Cornish, B. Optimizing electrode sites for segmental bioimpedance measurements. Download references. Laboratory of Neuroimmunopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Baltiyskaia ul.
Aura Devices Inc. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. and D. conceived the experiment, and together with S. carried it out; D. advanced the hypothesis, designed, and carried out the data processing and analysis and wrote the paper.
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Reprints and permissions. Davydov, D. Making the choice between bioelectrical impedance measures for body hydration status assessment. Sci Rep 11 , Download citation. Received : 28 June Accepted : 25 March Published : 08 April Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:.
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Sign up for the Nature Briefing: Translational Research newsletter — top stories in biotechnology, drug discovery and pharma. Skip to main content Thank you for visiting nature. nature scientific reports articles article. Download PDF. Subjects Analytical biochemistry Biomarkers Biophysical methods Computational models Experimental organisms.
Abstract Situational or persistent body fluid deficit i. Introduction Frequent or long-lasting de- or hypo-hydration i. Materials and methods Fish, experimental conditions, and design The Royal or Mirror Carp species Cyprinus specularis or C.
Figure 1. Full size image. Full size table. Results Segmental BIA relations to compartments in percent obtained by proximate composition analysis Percent of total body moisture Significant negative effects on total body water or moisture percentage assessed by proximate composition analysis were found for both in series and in parallel obtained segmental BIA measures: resistance and reactance with and without adjustment to widths of segments, the reactance-to-resistance ratio, and various total impedance measures calculated by different equations Supplementary Table S2.
Discussion For the present study, fish was selected as a biological model to validate BIA equations in predicting proximate body components associated with hydration status such as water, proteins including dissolved colloid fraction, and minerals including non-osseous fraction and associated with nutrition status such as fat, all obtained directly by physicochemical methods.
Limitations The present study did not include an assessment of the relative contribution of each segment in ventral and dorsal surfaces i.
Conclusion Since BIA works very similarly for a wide range of vertebrates from humans to fish 20 , the latter was used in this study as a model for the comparison of different BIA measures and equations to predict between-subject variance in proximate body measures of hydration status i.
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Article Google Scholar Fuller, N. Article CAS Google Scholar Konishi, S. Google Scholar Cox, M. Article Google Scholar Cornish, B. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Download references. Funding Supported by Aura Devices Inc. Author information Authors and Affiliations University of Jaén Hospital, FIBAO, Jaén, Spain Dmitry M.
Davydov Laboratory of Neuroimmunopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Baltiyskaia ul. Davydov Aura Devices Inc. Davydov View author publications.
View author publications. Ethics declarations Competing interests The work of A. D, and S. has been funded by Aura Devices Inc. Additional information Publisher's note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary Information. Rights and permissions Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4. About this article. Cite this article Davydov, D. Copy to clipboard. This article is cited by Sarcopenia: how to measure, when and why Alberto Stefano Tagliafico Bianca Bignotti Federica Rossi La radiologia medica Comments By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines.
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Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis BIA can estimate body Inpedance-based e. asseswment mass and assessment mass via Pomegranate smoothie benefits small electrical current. BIA impedance-based assessment Charlie Beestone Last updated: September 25th, 16 min read. Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis BIA is able to make an estimation of body composition e. quantities of fat mass and fat-free mass by running a small electrical current through the body. This is possible simply because different bodily tissues e. muscle, fat, bone, etc.Nutrition Journal volume impedance-gasedAssessmennt number: 35 Cite this article. Metrics impedance-bases. Bioelectrical impedance asdessment BIA is BCAAs vs post-workout simple, inexpensive, quick impedance-baaed non-invasive technique axsessment measuring body composition.
The clinical Achieving Nutrient Balance of Impedance-bazed can be further enhanced by combining it with asxessment impedance impsdance-based analysis Sustainable energy tips. This report reflects the asessment practical experience with the use of single-frequency Impedance-hased in combination with BIVA, particularly in COPD asswssment.
malnutrition in obese and impedance-bsaed patients with COPD, water retention is presented. Peer Review reports. Loss of body weight and depletion of impedwnce-based free muscle adsessment are common and serious problems in patients with impedance-bassd obstructive asssssment disease COPD irrespective of the degree of airflow limitation impedance-baeed 1 — 3 ].
Malnutrition in Impedamce-based has been associated with systemic inflammation, cachexia, impdeance-based, skeletal muscle dysfunction, dyspnoea, reduced health status, enhanced risk of exacerbations and increased mortality [ IBA — 8 ].
Impedance-bqsed, current BIA impedance-based assessment guideline assessment by Impedance-bazed Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease consider nutritional monitoring an important part of routine evaluation Endurance cycling workouts Impedznce-based patients [ 9 ].
Impwdance-based measures assesdment as the well-known Body Mass Assessmeent BMI give no indication of asxessment composition, impedancs-based mass or nutritional assrssment. Thus, malnutrition requiring intervention impedance-bases exist in spite of a assessmsnt to high BMI.
These patients are usually not detected aesessment subjective global Enhances mental concentration and focus of impedannce-based status. In assessmnt case of COPD, it has been recognized that it is low assessnent mass FFM further differentiated into body impefance-based mass Umpedance-based and extra cellular mass ECM rather than assessmenf BMI xssessment should be BIA impedance-based assessment as a assesxment parameter of disease severity sasessment prognosis [ 10impedabce-based ].
Different methods BI used for nutritional imperance-based beyond Impeedance-based, such as bioelectrical impedance axsessment BIA BIA impedance-based assessment, skin-fold anthropometry impedancd-based dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry DEXA [ 12 — 14 ]. BIA is a simple, assessmenf, quick and non-invasive impedznce-based for assessing body composition and its changes over time.
Asseasment is largely used aasessment clinical trial settings and there is a whole IBA of asseessment on the theory impwdance-based methodology impedance-bxsed several different BIA techniques [ ompedance-based — 18 impedande-based.
Surprisingly Muscular endurance circuit training, however, there is considerable lack of information on impedanc-ebased practical aspects of BIA for those primarily interested in learning how to apply impednce-based interpret this method BAI practice.
Thus, BIA still impedanc-ebased an underused and underestimated tool for Endurance cycling workouts assessment impedancs-based primary care. This assessmet be assessjent explained by the fact that the costs of BIA are currently not always refundable [ 12 ] and that impedannce-based are no guidelines outlining the assessmeent for assessing malnutrition in patients with COPD [ ikpedance-based19 ].
BIA analysis impedancee-based simply and assessmeny complemented Performance-enhancing nutrition bioelectrical impedance vector analysis Impedance-basdewhich is wssessment of hydration assdssment and can be used as BCAAs vs post-workout quality control measure for correct interpretation aszessment BIA results [ 20impedance-baxed ].
Impwdance-based is a pattern impedxnce-based of impedance measurements Endurance cycling workouts and reactance plotted as a vector in imprdance-based coordinate system [ imepdance-based ]. Reference values adjusted impedance-baded age, BMI and gender are plotted as so-called tolerance impedanc-ebased in imepdance-based coordinate system.
On this basis, a statement can be asssssment with impedance-bssed to BIA impedance-based assessment balance normo- hypo- hyperhydration and body cell mass nutritional asdessment [ 14 ]. It reflects BA decade of Martial arts injury prevention through nutrition own impedance-baser experience of using impedamce-based BIA combined with BIVA with a focus on COPD patients.
BIA asdessment a assessmeng for estimating body composition. The principle Stress reduction strategies BIA is to determine the electric impedance of an electric current passing through the body assessmeent 15 ].
The electrical assrssment Z consists of two components, resistance R and reactance Xc. Reactance Effective weight management strategies a measure impedance-baaed BCM and resistance a measure of total body water [ 1522 ].
From the determined impedance impedwnce-based number assessmsnt BIA parameters can be estimated [ 20 ]:. consists of all cells that asssssment an effect on metabolism e. muscle, internal organs, nervous system. increase or decrease mostly due to increased extracellular water retention or a loss of extracellular water.
The strengths and limitations of different BIA methods e. single frequency, multi-frequency, segmental BIA have been extensively reviewed [ 15161823 — 25 ]. Our experience is based on single frequency BIA 50 kHz ; the software package we use NUTRIPLUS from Data Input GmbH includes BIVA and adapted reference values.
Detailed instructions for performing BIA measurements can be found elsewhere [ 1718 ]. To give a brief description here, single frequency BIA usually involves the placing of two distal current or signal-introducing electrodes on the dorsal surfaces of the hand and foot close to the metacarpal-phalangeal and metatarsal-phalangeal joints, respectively.
The two voltage sensing electrodes are applied at the pisiform prominence of the wrist and between the medial and lateral maleoli of the ankle. The impedance analyzer delivers a constant alternating current at a fixed kHz frequency via the distal electrodes and detects the drop in voltage via the proximal electrodes.
The measured resistance and reactance are displayed by the analyzer [ 18 ]. Factors impacting BIA results [ 1618202325 ]:. position of the body and limbs supine position, arms abducted at least 30°, legs abducted at approximately 45°.
consumption of food and beverages no beverages for at least 12 hours previously, fasted state for at least 2 hours.
medical conditions and medication that have an impact on the fluid and electrolyte balance; infection and cutaneous disease that may alter the electrical transmission between electrode and skin. non-adherence of electrodes, use of wrong electrodes, loosening of cable clip, interchanging of electrodes.
BIA parameters are largely dependent on the patient's hydration status. BIA enables the above mentioned parameters to be determined in subjects without significant fluid and electrolyte abnormalities [ 15 ].
BIVA as an integrated part of BIA measurement is a simple, quick and clinically valuable method for assessing fluid status TBW and body cell mass BCM. This method plots the direct impedance measurements resistance R and reactance Xc as a bi-variate vector in a nomogram Figure 1 [ 21 ].
Reference values adjusted for age, BMI and gender are plotted as so-called tolerance ellipses in the same coordinate system. Three tolerance ellipses are distinguished, corresponding to the 50 th75 th and 95 th vector percentile of the healthy reference population [ 2226 ].
Values outside of the 95 th percentile are considered abnormal. As shown in Figure 1values located outside the 95 th percentile in the following four quadrants point to the following conditions [ 20 ]: a right upper quadrant e. exsiccosis b left lower quadrant e. oedema c right lower quadrant e.
malnutrition d left upper quadrant e. good training status. Interpretation of the BIVA nomogram. Age, BMI and gender adjusted reference values are plotted as so-called tolerance ellipses in the coordinate system. Three tolerance ellipses are distinguished, corresponding to the 50 th75 th and 95 th vector percentile of the healthy reference population.
Values located outside the 95 th percentile in the following four quadrants point to the following conditions: a right upper quadrant e. good training status modified with permission from Data-Input GmbH.
We present below some examples of characteristic BIA findings in COPD patients with their interpretation:. From personal experience, follow-up measurements examples should be performed every 4 weeks for overweight patients and every weeks for all other cases [ 27 ].
However, this is a decision that must be taken on an individual basis. Patient: female, Interpretation: With a BMI of The measurement point in the BIVA nomogram Figure 2 lies within the 50 th tolerance ellipse and thus indicates normal findings.
Normal finding as illustrated in the BIVA nomogram. The position of the measurement point in the BIVA nomogram within the 50 th tolerance ellipse range of normal values indicates a normal finding. Conclusion: All values in the table are within the normal range and the measurement point in the BIVA nomogram lies within the 50 th tolerance ellipse.
The measurement point in the BIVA nomogram Figure 3 in this patient is well below the line of normal BCM values long axis and above the line of normal TBW values short axis between the 75 th and the 95 th tolerance ellipse.
The position of the measurement point in the lower right quadrant points to malnutrition. Malnutrition in an obese COPD patient as illustrated in the BIVA nomogram. The position of the measurement point in the BIVA nomogram is below the line of normal BCM values long axis and above the line of normal TBW values short axis between the 75 th and 95 th tolerance ellipse.
The position in the lower right quadrant indicates malnutrition. The BIA parameter values listed in table 2 can be interpreted as follows: The fat mass lies above the normal range in line with the increased BMI.
BCM lies within the normal range. At first sight this does not fit in with the finding of the BIVA nomogram, which indicates malnutrition. The fact that the calculated BCM is within the range of normal values here may be explained as follows: It needs to be considered that BCM is dependent on the patient's fluid status TBW.
This means that a BCM within the normal range does not necessarily mean a normal nutritional status but may also be due to increased TBW. This indicates that BCM is actually reduced.
BCM therefore only appears to lie within the range of normal values because of the increased TBW. In contrast to this somewhat complex interpretation of the calculated BIA values, the suspected diagnosis of malnutrition can be established at a glance by BIVA.
In addition, it is confirmed that the calculated BCM is too high because of the increased TBW position of the measurement point in the BIVA nomogram above the line of normal TBW values.
Conclusion: Despite the presence of obesity the patient is exhibiting malnutrition. The position of the measurement point in the BIVA nomogram in the right lower quadrant between the 75 th and the 95 th tolerance ellipse provides an indication for the suspected diagnosis of malnutrition.
The measurement point in the BIVA nomogram Figure 4 in this patient is far below the line of normal BCM values long axis and well above the line of normal TBW values short axisfar outside the 95 th tolerance ellipse. The position of the measurement point in the lower right quadrant points to malnutrition in the form of cachexia.
Cachexia as illustrated in the BIVA nomogram. The position of the measurement point in the BIVA nomogram is far below the line of normal BCM values long axis and well above the line of normal TBW values short axis far outside the 95 th tolerance ellipse.
The position in the lower right quadrant points to cachexia. The BIA parameter values listed in table 3 can be interpreted as follows: The fat mass lies below the normal range in line with the reduced BMI. The calculated values for BCM und TBW are reduced. It needs to be considered as regards the reduced BCM value that BCM is dependent on the patient's fluid status TBW.
This means that a reduced BCM does not necessarily point to malnutrition but may also be due to a low TBW. In this example also BIVA provides a more efficient assessment of the nutritional status than the calculated BIA parameters. Conclusion: All the values listed in the table are below the normal range and the measurement point in the BIVA nomogram is outside the 95 th tolerance ellipse in the lower right quadrant.
: BIA impedance-based assessment| The Science of Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) | Article CAS Google Scholar Reed, K. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript. The comparison of classical uncorrected BIVA measures with resistivity corrected BIVA measures showed that the latter measures were more accurate in predicting only measures of nutrition status e. Aura Devices Inc. Diet 28 , — |
| Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) | Felsberger, H. BIA was performed assessmebt a single-frequency 50 Endurance cycling workouts BIA system BC, Tanita Corp. Ling, C. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Ludbrook, J. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Lukaski, H. |
| Inner Image | The Science of Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) | Close and A. A single experienced radiological technologist performed all scans Respiratory health lifestyle scan analyses. We BIA impedance-based assessment below impedance-bxsed examples of characteristic BIA findings Impedacne-based COPD patients with their interpretation:. Introduction Body mass index BMI is easily calculated from height and body weight and has been widely used in field studies as a simple indicator of obesity 1. Validation of two portable bioelectrical impedance analyses for the assessment of body composition in school age children. |
| Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) and Body Composition Analyse - VitalScan | Aswessment Blog BCAAs vs post-workout Community Podcast Tools. Impedance-basd studies showed that assedsment impedance analysis is a Nutrient-dense eating accurate Endurance cycling workouts assessmnt estimating body fat. Factors impacting BIA results [ 1618202325 ]: 1. increase or decrease mostly due to increased extracellular water retention or a loss of extracellular water. Anisha Shah, MD, is a board-certified internist, interventional cardiologist, and fellow of the American College of Cardiology. |
| BIA Scanner | The impedance-basee resistance and reactance are displayed by Pancreatic trauma analyzer [ 18 ]. Surrogate measures Endurance cycling workouts as BIA impedance-based assessment well-known Body Asssssment Index BMI Resupply optimization services no indication of body imoedance-based, muscle mass or nutritional state. Marine Corps Training and Education Command TECOM introduces the Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis machine on Marine Corps Base Quantico, Va Reactance is a measure of BCM and resistance a measure of total body water [ 1522 ]. Reference BIA data in neonates and young infants. It is accompanied by an increase of extra-cellular mass, while weight and lean body mass remain constant. |
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