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HHS is not responsible for Section compliance accessibility on other federal or private websites. These are as follows:. In this article, MHI examines the effects of an aging population, the framework for holistic healthy aging, and actions that can be taken on the six shifts.
By , the absolute number of those older than 65 will more than double to 1. While this reflects the benefits of additional life span, the magnitude of this growth is unprecedented, and will create challenges as care demands increase and dependency ratios shift. In , for every person over the age of 65, there were Today, there are seven, and this is expected to shrink to 4.
including Italy, Japan, and South Korea, will experience more dramatic shifts. Japan had a dozen working-age people for every older adult in ; today, there are roughly two working-age adults, and by that number may shrink to just above 1.
will more than triple between and The urgency to act varies among countries, driven by the expected rate of change Exhibit 1. Countries where populations are aging more slowly—for example, Ghana, which has a projected old-age dependency ratio of 8.
Still, even for the countries where populations are aging more slowly, the proportion of people over 65 will almost double over the next decades. In the United Kingdom, for example, it is estimated that a one-year extension of working life increases GDP by about one percent.
This results in higher spending power and active leisure engagement, which spur new products and services tailored to the specific needs of this consumer group.
Within the scope of this article, we focus on the potential of an aging world but also recognize the challenges ahead.
with more than million people globally expected to suffer from dementia by Informal and formal caregivers and health systems will face increased strain, exacerbating the critical shortage of home health aides and personal caregivers.
Similarly, the cost of healthcare globally will rise, from 8. This economic impact could be magnified by potential reductions in global GDP due to years lost to disability, as well as premature death from age-related diseases.
Given these challenges, MHI recognizes that we must examine healthy aging through a lens that encompasses all four dimensions of health: physical, mental, social, and spiritual. The four dimensions of health are shaped by social and personal influencing factors that support a holistic view of health Exhibit 2.
The importance of a more holistic approach to health has been demonstrated in practice. A year-old grandmother from South Korea is an award-winning bodybuilder who regularly competes with people in their 30s.
According to the BBC, she started working out, on the advice of her doctor, to help manage the pain of her spinal stenosis, a chronic back condition. A year-old retired teacher in Lesotho, South Africa, recently founded a community organization to help orphaned and vulnerable children cope through difficult times.
She works closely with the children, teaching independence and emotional strength. is to strive. the most educated woman in your community. Respect the old and spend time with the elderly. An Italian man was 60 years old when he founded the company that made him a billionaire at After a full career as an engineer, he used his severance check to begin building probe cards—tools to test the quality of microchips in production—from his kitchen in the Milan region.
This experiment resulted in his company becoming one of the top two probe card manufacturers in the world. This concept of health extending beyond physical attributes resonates with older adults. A recent MHI survey found that the majority of older adults think all four dimensions of health are important.
While respondents over age 65 were more likely to have one or more health conditions, two-thirds reported good or very good perceived overall health. Another recent MHI survey focused on understanding generational differences found that 70 percent of baby boomers perceived their overall quality of life as high—eight percentage points higher than Gen Z respondents.
The personal and social influencing factors can include how physical and cognitive fitness overlap. For example, numerous studies have shown a link between higher levels of physical activity and better brain health. When examining social and spiritual engagement, social scientists have identified social isolation and loneliness as an increasing problem, with rates of reported loneliness in older adults reaching 20 to 34 percent across China, Europe, Latin America, and the United States.
According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, social isolation increases the risk of premature death—a risk that is similar to those seen with smoking, obesity, and physical inactivity.
People living in high-income countries enjoy up to a year difference in healthy life expectancy HLE at birth, compared with people born in low- and medium-income countries. However, within a country, the HLE can vary widely—for example, in England, people living in the least advantaged areas have a year lower HLE than those in the most advantaged areas.
MHI has identified six shifts that would be needed to see a step change in healthy aging across the four dimensions of health Exhibit 3. A key focus for MHI is improving brain health, which includes strengthening cognitive function, improving mental health, and effectively preventing and treating mental, neurological, and substance-use disorders.
Mental and neurological disorders contribute a substantial portion of disease burden in individuals over The likelihood of individuals requiring improvements in brain health as they age only increases as people live longer lives with more years spent in less-than-optimal health.
To protect brain health as individuals age, we must look across all dimensions of health—mental, physical, social, and spiritual—for both risk and protective factors.
Risk factors for cognitive decline include some mental- and physical-health conditions, such as depression, high blood pressure, and diabetes, as well as some medications. As individuals live longer with these conditions or more years in poor health, the risk of these conditions negatively affecting brain health increases.
Addressing inactivity, social isolation, and loneliness may help prevent cognitive decline, and individuals who maintain hobbies, reduce or better manage stress, keep a daily routine, and have sufficient sleep may have improved brain health.
These elements act as pillars for optimal social and spiritual health. To prevent the potential for dramatic increases in disease burden due to less-than-optimal health and aging populations, we must address mental, physical, social, and spiritual factors, with an eye toward preventing and treating brain health.
Mark Gold, Council on Recovery, May 7, Globally, there is underinvestment in prevention of disease or impaired mobility. For example, European countries invest, on average, 2. While the path to healthy aging begins at adulthood, there is much that can be done for individuals in later years.
More prevention efforts should be focused on conditions correlated to age, such as dementia and sensory impairments. See WHO global report on falls prevention in older age , March 17, Other prevention efforts could focus on how adults manage conditions such as depression throughout their lives, how older adults can continue to find purpose, social connections, and financial security, and strategies to encourage lifelong physical activity, even as mobility changes with age.
Moreover, previous studies have indicated that prevention programs—both clinical for example, hearing technology for those hard of hearing 29 In the United Kingdom, one study found that 30 percent of outpatients tested had an undiagnosed hearing loss that could be addressed.
There is strong evidence that provision of hearing technology to people with hearing loss supports social activity, decreases risk of depression, and may reduce the risk of dementia.
See What works: Hearing loss and healthy ageing , NHS England, May See World report on ageing and health , WHO,
Make healthy choices— like fruits, snd, whole grains, lean Longevity and active aging, low-fat dairy products, and water. Being active can Prebiotics and microbial balance you prevent, delay, and manage chronic diseases; improve balance and acttive reduce Longrvity of Prebiotics and microbial balance and improve Anti-bacterial protection health. Lonhevity Aim for moderate physical activity, like walking, at least minutes a week minutes a day and muscle strengthening activity, like carrying groceries, at least 2 days a week. If you use tobacco, take the first step towards quitting by calling QUIT-NOW for FREE help. This can prevent disease or find it early, when treatment is more effective. Share your family health history with your doctor, who can help you take steps to prevent chronic diseases or catch them early. See your doctor if you have questions about memory or brain health.
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