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Piperine View Product. It is also used to treat digestive problems, colds, and headaches. Bitter orange is a dietary supplement that is commonly used in the food industry as a flavoring agent. It is often used to add a citrusy flavor to dishes, as well as to enhance the flavor of other ingredients.

It is also used as a natural preservative, as it has antimicrobial properties that can help to extend the shelf life of food products. Additionally, bitter orange is sometimes used as a colorant to give food a more vibrant hue. Bitter orange is a dietary supplement that is known to have many health benefits.

It is rich in antioxidants, which can help protect the body from free radical damage and reduce inflammation. It is also known to help boost the immune system, improve digestion, and reduce cholesterol levels.

Additionally, it may help to reduce the risk of certain types of cancer, as well as help to regulate blood sugar levels. Bitter orange is also known to help with weight loss, as it can help to suppress appetite and increase metabolism. Bitter orange is a dietary supplement that is derived from the fruit of the Citrus aurantium tree.

It is commonly used as a weight loss aid and to increase energy levels. However, it can be dangerous if taken in large doses or if taken with other stimulants such as caffeine. It can cause an increase in heart rate and blood pressure, as well as insomnia, anxiety, and headaches. It can also interact with certain medications, such as those used to treat depression, and can cause serious side effects.

Additionally, it can cause liver damage if taken in large doses or for long periods of time. Therefore, it is important to consult with a doctor before taking this supplement. Energy drinks, weight loss supplements, sports nutrition products, multivitamins, protein powders.

Bitter orange is regulated differently across the world. In the United States, it is regulated as a dietary supplement by the Food and Drug Administration FDA. In the European Union, it is regulated as a food supplement by the European Food Safety Authority EFSA. In Canada, it is regulated as a natural health product by Health Canada.

In Australia, it is regulated as a therapeutic good by the Therapeutic Goods Administration TGA.

Bitter orange contains several potent plant compounds that are sometimes extracted from the dried peel to make dietary supplements. The patented extract of bitter orange, p-synephrine, is sold in capsule form as the herbal weight loss supplements Advantra Z and Kinetiq 4. Bitter orange is a citrus fruit with dimpled skin and potent plant compounds that are extracted and used in a variety of supplements.

The plant compounds in bitter orange, which are called protoalkaloids, have been used for over 20 years in supplements for weight loss, athletic performance, skin care, appetite control, and brain health, as well as perfumery 1 , 2 , 3 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8.

P-synephrine, the main extract from bitter orange, has a similar structure to ephedrine, the main component of the herbal weight loss supplement ephedra 8. This supplement was banned by the U. Food and Drug Administration FDA because it raised blood pressure, increased heart rate, and caused heart attacks and stroke among some consumers 1 , 3 , 7.

In addition, p-synephrine is structurally similar to your flight-or-fight hormones, epinephrine and norepinephrine, which also increase your heart rate 1 , 4.

P-synephrine is also found in other citrus fruits and their juices, such as mandarins and clementines 4 , 7. Like other citrus fruits, bitter orange provides limonene — a compound shown to have anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties 10 , 11 , Population studies suggest that limonene may prevent certain cancers, namely colon cancer.

However, more rigorous human research is needed An ongoing study is also exploring the use of limonene as a treatment for COVID However, the results are not yet known. Bear in mind that limonene cannot prevent or cure COVID Another protoalkaloid found in bitter orange is p-octopamine.

However, little to no p-octopamine exists in bitter orange extracts. The leaves of the bitter orange plant are rich in vitamin C , which acts as an antioxidant. Antioxidants are substances that may protect your body from disease by preventing cell damage.

They work by deactivating free radicals, which are unstable compounds that damage your cells, increasing inflammation and your disease risk 15 , Protoalkaloids are plant compounds found in bitter orange that have anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties.

They have been shown to be safe for consumption. Many weight loss supplements use bitter orange extracts in combination with other ingredients. However, scientific studies have not thoroughly examined the composition of these supplements to determine which ingredient, if any, supports weight loss.

Notably, p-synephrine has been shown to increase fat breakdown, raise energy expenditure, and mildly suppress appetite , all of which may contribute to reduced weight. Yet, these effects occur at high doses that are discouraged due to the lack of safety information 4 , 8 , Bitter orange and its extracts are used in Traditional Chinese Medicine TCM to treat indigestion, diarrhea, dysentery, and constipation.

In other regions, the fruit is used to treat anxiety and epilepsy 3. Another study noted that the bitter orange compound p-synephrine may improve athletic performance though by increasing total reps and volume load, or your ability to train harder A stimulant is a substance that increases your heart rate and blood pressure 1.

Several sports organizations, such as the National Collegiate Athletic Association NCAA , list synephrine as a stimulant. Furthermore, one study determined that bitter orange juice contains furanocoumarin, a compound that may cause the same medication interactions as grapefruit juice Therefore, people taking decongestants or those who have high blood pressure, an irregular heartbeat, or glaucoma should avoid the juice and fruit of bitter oranges.

Despite numerous studies showing that bitter orange extracts are not stimulants, widespread controversy exists, and the NCAA has listed it as a banned substance. Bitter orange may also interact with certain medications. Generally, bitter orange extracts in dietary supplements are safe to consume in doses of 50—98 mg per day 1 , One study showed that 40 mg of synephrine combined with mg of caffeine is a safe dose of these combined ingredients 3.

In another study, eating a whole bitter orange containing Still, people who are pregnant or breastfeeding should avoid bitter orange due to a lack of safety information 1.

Bitter orange is likely safe in doses ranging from The juice of the bitter orange can be used as a marinade to flavor fish and meat. Bitter orange has several other household uses outside of the kitchen.

These include 2 :. Bitter orange is a citrus fruit with several household and industrial uses, ranging from food additives to perfumery. You may want to avoid this fruit and its extracts if you have high blood pressure, an irregular heartbeat, or glaucoma.

Likewise, bitter orange supplements are banned for NCAA athletes. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available.

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Policies and ethics. Skip to main content. Abstract Citrus aurantium , commonly referred to as sour orange or bitter orange, holds significant importance both in biological and economic terms. Keywords Citrus aurantium Bitter orange Phytochemicals Non-pharmacological uses Economic relevance.

Abbreviations ALT: Alanine transminase AMPKα: Activated protein kinase alpha AMPKα: AMP-activated protein kinase alpha AST: Aspartate aminotransferase CAVAPs: Crude polysaccharides of C. aurantium L. Amara Engls DPPH: 2,2-Diphenylpicrylhydrazyl ERK: Extracellular signal- regulated kinase EtOAc: Ethyl acetate FAS: Fatty acid synthase FDA: Food and Drug Administration FRAP: Ferric reducing antioxidant power GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transferase GSK3β: Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Beta IL-1β: Interleukin-1β IL Interleukin 6 iNOS: Inducible nitric oxide synthase JNK: c-Jun N-terminal kinase MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase MTD: Maximum tolerated dose NAFLD: Non-alcohol fatty liver disease NASH: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis NF-kB: Nuclear factor kappa B NOAEL: No-observed-adverse-effect-level NOEL: No-observed-effect-level Nrf2: Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 ORAC: Oxygen radical absorbance capacity PGC-1α: PPARγ co-activator 1α PTFC: Pure total flavonoids from citrus SCD1: Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 TAC: Total antioxidant capacity TBARS: Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances TNF- α: Tumor necrosis factor α UCP1: Uncoupling protein-1 WADA: World Anti-Doping Agency.

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Metrics: Total Views: 0 Spandidos Publications: PMC Statistics: Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 Spandidos Publications: PMC Statistics:. Cited By CrossRef : 0 citations Loading Articles This article is mentioned in:. Introduction Dementia is a brain disorder in which learning and memory are compromised by various complex factors 1.

Materials and methods Sample preparation The CAE was supplied by KPLC Group Paris, France and prepared as described previously. Aβ 1—42 injection and drug administration Aβ 1—42 was dissolved in sterile 0. Figure 1. Experimental protocol of the present study. Figure 2. Figure 3.

Table I. Distance mm Treatment Day 24 Day 25 Day 26 Day 27 Control 1, Aβ 1—42 group. Figure 4. Table II. Effect of nobiletin and CAE on AchE activity in the cortex and hippocampus of mice.

Figure 5. Bitter orange is a dietary supplement that is derived from the fruit of the Citrus aurantium tree. It is commonly used as a weight loss aid and to increase energy levels.

However, it can be dangerous if taken in large doses or if taken with other stimulants such as caffeine. It can cause an increase in heart rate and blood pressure, as well as insomnia, anxiety, and headaches. It can also interact with certain medications, such as those used to treat depression, and can cause serious side effects.

Additionally, it can cause liver damage if taken in large doses or for long periods of time. Therefore, it is important to consult with a doctor before taking this supplement. Energy drinks, weight loss supplements, sports nutrition products, multivitamins, protein powders.

Bitter orange is regulated differently across the world. In the United States, it is regulated as a dietary supplement by the Food and Drug Administration FDA. In the European Union, it is regulated as a food supplement by the European Food Safety Authority EFSA. In Canada, it is regulated as a natural health product by Health Canada.

In Australia, it is regulated as a therapeutic good by the Therapeutic Goods Administration TGA. In India, it is regulated as a food supplement by the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India FSSAI. Tags: Herbal. Here are 14 potential benefits and uses of….

Lemon essential oil is a natural home remedy. Find out what the research says about possible benefits, how to use this essential oil safely, and more. Essential oils are claimed to offer many health benefits.

This article explains everything you need to know about essential oils and their health…. A diffuser is one of the best ways to enjoy the benefits of essential oils while making your home smell amazing. Some people use essential oils for their antibacterial properties. But which ones to pick?

Learn more about which oils have these properties, proper…. Invite spiritual well-being with these sacred scents. doTERRA's On Guard is an essential oil blend said to support the immune system and kill off bacteria and viruses. Learn more about the benefits and…. Looking for relief? Check out these three essential oils and the specific hangover symptoms they may help with.

A Quiz for Teens Are You a Workaholic? How Well Do You Sleep? Health Conditions Discover Plan Connect. The Benefits of Orange Essential Oil and How to Use.

Medically reviewed by Cynthia Cobb, DNP, APRN, WHNP-BC, FAANP — By Jill Seladi-Schulman, Ph. on October 3, Uses Benefits How to use Safety What to look for Bottom line Share on Pinterest. How we vet brands and products Healthline only shows you brands and products that we stand behind.

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Was this helpful? What is it most commonly used for? What are the benefits of orange essential oil? Summary Orange essential oil can be effective at stopping the growth of some types of bacteria and fungi. Summary Orange essential oil appears to be effective at reducing levels of stress and anxiety.

Summary Some small studies have indicated that using orange essential oil topically or for aromatherapy may help with short-term pain. Summary Studies have indicated that orange essential oil or its components can inhibit the growth and lead to cell death in some cultured cancer cell lines.

How to use the oil. Safety and side effects. What to look for. The bottom line. How we reviewed this article: Sources. Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. We avoid using tertiary references.

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