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What Is the Smart Grid?Smart grid technologies -
A smart grid can connect millions of transmission lines to deliver electricity to an entire country. Individual components work together within the smart grid architecture to increase grid efficiency, reliability, resiliency, and stability.
Furthermore, the modernized smart grid promotes consumer control and cost savings through holistic grid management. The use of embedded systems in a smart grid allows the processing of information and communication between a wide variety of applications.
A smart grid uses a broad range of technologies and communication networks to better manage power generation, transmission, and distribution, and empower customers with real-time control.
Here are the major smart grid technologies that enable better energy management, optimize capability utilization, and improve the overall performance of smart grids. Advanced demand forecasting leverages data analytics and machine learning ML techniques and generates forecasting reports using autoregressive integrated moving average ARIMA and other statistical techniques.
As an essential component of smart grid management, ARIMA forecasting predicts annual electricity consumption and hourly electricity prices. ARIMA forecasting also provides an additional layer of verification to detect cyber intrusion attacks on smart meters deployed to measure the electricity consumption of residential and non-residential consumers.
Advanced metering infrastructure AMI is an integrated system of communication networks, data management systems, and smart meters that helps improve customer service and energy efficiency and manage costs effectively.
By enabling two-way communication with the customers and the utilities, AMI provides a smart grid with a broad range of benefits, such as consumption forecast, effective cash collection and theft detection, fault and outage detection, loss measurements, and time-based pricing.
Smart grid data has three core aspects, i. Handling a large volume of data on time with limited resources is a major challenge for a smart grid.
This is where big data analytics can play a crucial role in increasing asset utilization, efficiency, system reliability and stability, and enhancing customer satisfaction.
Without smart grid big data analytics, it is impractical to assess petabytes of data produced by smart grid devices. Big data captures and analyzes unstructured data from different endpoints in a smart grid. In addition, big data facilitates efficient cost reduction, resource distribution, and better customer service.
Distributed energy resources DERs provide energy and enhance local reliability while improving grid stability and on-site fuel utilization. DERs include electric vehicles, solar panels, small natural gas-fueled generators, and controllable loads, such as electric water heaters and HVAC systems.
Successful DER integration improves the service quality and reliability of a grid. For example, photovoltaic systems PVs use the photovoltaic effect to convert sunlight into electricity that is then converted by an inverter into alternating current. The main benefit of using PVs is lower utility bills from reduced grid-provided electricity.
Non-intrusive load monitoring NILM or non-intrusive appliance load monitoring NIALM identifies the individual energy consumption of households and industrial facilities. Breaking down the aggregate energy consumption of active appliances into components and providing diagnostic information is useful for identifying energy-consuming or malfunctioning appliances.
Furthermore, consumers can schedule the most cost-effective time to use energy-intensive appliances and monitor and manage energy expenses according to their power consumption.
Also known as vehicle-grid integration VGI , vehicle-to-grid V2G technology transfers unused power from a vehicle into the smart grid. An electric vehicle EV battery is a cost-efficient form of energy storage.
V2G helps balance electricity consumption spikes and reduce overload on the power grid during peak hours. A smart meter provides power to household appliances through the home area network HAN that uses various technologies like Bluetooth, Wireless Ethernet or Wired Ethernet, and Zigbee.
HAN connects home appliances with the smart meter that identifies power consumption and sends the consumption details to the server for billing. A neighborhood area network NAN is an outdoor access network that connects distribution automation devices and smart meters to WAN gateways like RF radio frequency collectors and field devices such as intelligent electronic devices IEDs.
NAN enables data collection from customers and supports WAN-premise area communication. A smart meter sends notifications it receives via HAN from the devices to the suppliers using WAN. As a widely used IoT Internet of Things technology, LoRa long range is a long-range, low-power wireless platform ideal for diverse applications, such as energy management, infrastructure efficiency, and disaster prevention.
Smart electricity metering solutions and smart grid networks based on the LoRaWAN® Long Range Wide Area Network network protocol can better understand power demand, easily detect power outages, enhance connectivity, and identify underperforming assets.
Moreover, LoRaWAN is compatible with worldwide networks and ensures interference-free transmission to read heat meter consumption data remotely.
Over the years, centralized electricity generation from power plants has gradually transitioned toward a distributed energy resource for adapting to a dynamic energy industry and elevating the energy experience for consumers.
The need to update the traditional electricity grid to a smart grid stemmed from several reasons, such as:. Monitoring and optimizing the interlinked components of an energy system are essential to ensure a reliable and efficient power supply while reducing energy consumption and costs.
How does a smart grid improve the efficiency and reliability of an energy system? Smart meters or smart measurement systems are replacing conventional electricity meters.
Smart meters help in calculating the power generation, recording voltage failures, and providing grid operators with actionable data. Integrating established power technology with advanced analytics, automation technologies, and smart devices empowers a smart grid to respond faster to consumer demand and potential electrical network incidents.
Smart grid deployment is not without its challenges. Some of the significant challenges in installing and maintaining a smart grid include:. Precision timing synchronization is crucial for real-time measurement and control within and across substations , fault detection and location, system stability maintenance, etc.
If not addressed properly, timing discontinuities have a major impact on grid efficiency and flexibility. The smart grid is not different than the previous grid in that the same actors contribute. Utilities manage the grid, technology providers develop new products based on customer needs both for industry and consumer , standards bodies like the Canadian Standards Association CSA work with industry and technology providers to ensure that new technologies are safe, and governments provide support for innovation and allow or disallow technology based on certain policy objectives.
The smart grid while not new, is ever-evolving where new technologies and new behaviours from both customer and utility are constantly emerging.
Overview Smart grid technology generally includes any remote sensor on the electricity grid that communicates information and allows the utility to take action based on that information. Major objectives of the smart grid are: Improved grid resilience Improved environmental performance, and Improved asset operational efficiencies.
These capabilities are: Demand response Facilitation of distributed generation Facilitation of electric vehicles distributed storage Optimization of asset use, and Problem detection and mitigation.
Case Study The electrical grid of was very similar to the electrical grid of Consumers can better manage their own energy consumption and costs because they have easier access to their own data. Utilities also benefit from a modernized grid, including improved security, reduced peak loads, increased integration of renewables, and lower operational costs.
These advanced technologies include advanced sensors known as Phasor Measurement Units PMUs that allow operators to assess grid stability, advanced digital meters that give consumers better information and automatically report outages, relays that sense and recover from faults in the substation automatically, automated feeder switches that re-route power around problems, and batteries that store excess energy and make it available later to the grid to meet customer demand.
Over the years, OE has continued investing in the research, development, and demonstration of advanced technologies while also developing new modeling and analytics capabilities that can evolve as technology and policy needs mature. OE leads national efforts to develop the next generation of technologies, tools, and techniques for the efficient, resilient, reliable, and affordable delivery of electricity in the U.
Legislative Mandates In December , Congress passed, and the President approved, Title XIII of the Energy Independence and Security Act of EISA.
Technokogies smart grid is an Smart grid technologies Lower cholesterol for better heart health the technopogies century electrical gridBodyweight measurement two-way communications and distributed Smart grid technologies technologifs devices. Two-way flows of Techologies and information could improve the delivery network. Research is mainly focused on three systems of a smart grid — the infrastructure system, the management system, and the protection system. The smart grid represents the full suite of current and proposed responses to the challenges of electricity supply. Numerous contributions to the overall improvement of the efficiency of energy infrastructure are anticipated from the deployment of smart grid technology, in particular including demand-side management.
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